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如何在 LaTeX 中使用特殊颜色

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如何在 LaTeX 中使用特殊颜色

在此处输入图片描述

我正在尝试对上面的图片进行编码，特别是矩形内的点。

这是我现在的代码，但它看起来不像预期的图形。我该如何更改代码以获得所需的输出？

\documentclass[11pt,a5paper]{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw[thick,->] (0,0) -- (4.5,0);
\draw[thick,->] (0,0) -- (0,4.5);
\foreach \x in {0,1,2,3,4}
    \draw (\x cm,1pt) -- (\x cm,-1pt) node[anchor=north] {$\x$};
\foreach \y in {0,1,2,3,4}
    \draw (1pt,\y cm) -- (-1pt,\y cm) node[anchor=east] {$\y$};
\draw [ultra thick,blue] (2,0) rectangle (3,2);
 \node at (2.5,1){patch};

\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

答案1

有点笨拙，但如果需要随机性，那么这种path picture方法是可行的。请注意，对于低稀疏性，编译时间会急剧增加。解决此问题的一个方法是创建一个单独的大型独立文档，然后进行\includegraphics修剪。

\documentclass[tikz,border=5]{standalone}
\tikzset{
  random dots/.style={
    path picture={
      \pgfpointdiff{\pgfpointanchor{path picture bounding box}{south west}}%
        {\pgfpointanchor{path picture bounding box}{north east}}%
      \pgfgetlastxy\pathwidth\pathheight
      \tikzset{shift=(path picture bounding box.center)}
      \def\sparseness{#1}
      \pgfmathparse{int(\pathwidth/\sparseness+2)}\let\m=\pgfmathresult
      \pgfmathparse{int(\pathheight/\sparseness+2)}\let\n=\pgfmathresult
      \foreach \i in {-\m,...,\m}
        \foreach \j in {-\n,...,\n}  
          \fill [shift={(\i*\sparseness,\j*\sparseness)}, shift={(rand*\sparseness/2,rand*\sparseness/2)}, every random dot/.try]
           (0,0) circle [radius=1pt];
    }
  },
  random dots/.default=5pt,
  every random dot/.style={fill=red}
}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}

\draw [ultra thick,blue, random dots]      (0,0) rectangle ++(1,2);
\draw [ultra thick,blue, random dots=10pt] (2,0) rectangle ++(1,2);
\draw [ultra thick,blue, random dots=2pt]  (4,0) rectangle ++(1,2);

\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

在此处输入图片描述

答案2

实现随机性的另一种方法是使用波浪装饰（原始图片中的那些“东西”在我看来就像小波浪）和循环：

\documentclass[11pt,a5paper]{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{decorations.pathreplacing,fit}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[decoration={waves,radius=.8mm, segment length=2mm, angle=5mm}]
\draw[thick,->] (0,0) -- (4.5,0);
\draw[thick,->] (0,0) -- (0,4.5);
\foreach \x in {0,1,2,3,4}
    \draw (\x cm,1pt) -- (\x cm,-1pt) node[anchor=north] {$\x$};
\foreach \y in {0,1,2,3,4}
    \draw (1pt,\y cm) -- (-1pt,\y cm) node[anchor=east] {$\y$};

\foreach \i in {290,110,80,40}
\foreach \l in {250,90,330}
\foreach \m in {1,7}{
\node(a)[blue,fit={(2,0) (3,2)},inner sep=-\m pt]{};
\draw [thick,decorate,red,line cap=round](a.\l) to (a.\i);
}

\draw [ultra thick,blue] (2,0) rectangle (3,2) node (b)[inner xsep=0pt,inner ysep=2pt,midway,fill=white] {patch};
\draw [blue,<->,thick](b.south west)--(b.south east);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

在此处输入图片描述

答案3

patterns这里是使用库的快速尝试tikz。绘制此图像的可能性要多得多。我只是为patch标签使用了白色背景，但可能还有更复杂的解决方案。例如，可以选择反转剪辑，使patch标签周围的图案褪色为白色/不透明。

此外，我扔掉了你的一个循环，因此轴刻度是在一个循环内绘制的。

\documentclass[tikz, border=5mm]{standalone}

\usetikzlibrary{patterns}

\begin{document}
 \begin{tikzpicture}
  % axes and x-/y-ticks
  \draw [>=latex, <->, thick] (0,5) -- (0,0) -- (5,0);
  \foreach \x in {1,...,4} {
   \draw (\x,-2pt) -- ++(0,4pt) node [below=.1cm] {\scriptsize $\x$};
   \draw (-2pt,\x) -- ++(4pt,0) node [left=.1cm] {\scriptsize $\x$};
  }
  % rectangle with pattern and patch
  \draw [ultra thick, blue, fill, pattern=crosshatch dots, pattern color=red] (2,0) rectangle (3,2);
  \draw [thick, blue, >=latex, <->] (2,1) -- (3,1) node [midway, above=.1cm, fill=white, inner sep=0pt] {\scriptsize patch}; 
  % x-labels
  \draw [thick, dashed] (2.5,0) -- ++(0,-.5) node [below] {$X_1$};
  \draw [thick, dashed] (0,0) -- ++(0,-.5) node [below] {$X_0=0$};
 \end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

渲染图像：

渲染图像

编辑更改颜色

最初的问题是如何使用特殊颜色这里有一些关于颜色的附加信息。

如果你在或执行时使用dvipsnamesas 选项，则可以使用-colors。有关概述，请访问\documentclass\usepackage[usenames,dvipsnames]{color}dvips此链接。

如果你需要更好地控制颜色，你可以使用例如

red
red!75
red!75!blue

设置颜色的饱和度或混合颜色。

答案4

看起来是我的另一个用例泊松圆盘采样库：

\documentclass{standalone}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usepackage{poisson}
\usetikzlibrary{calc}

\begin{document}
\tikzset{ % Define the shape of each little mark
    pattern/.pic = {
        \draw[red!50!black] (-0.1,0) to[out=360*rnd,in=360*rnd] (0.1*rnd,0);
    }
}

\begin{tikzpicture}
    \draw[thick,->] (0,0) -- (4.5,0);
    \draw[thick,->] (0,0) -- (0,4.5);
    \foreach \x in {0,1,2,3,4}
        \draw (\x cm,1pt) -- (\x cm,-1pt) node[anchor=north] {$\x$};
    \foreach \y in {0,1,2,3,4}
        \draw (1pt,\y cm) -- (-1pt,\y cm) node[anchor=east] {$\y$};
    % Generate the random coordinates for each little mark, using
    % poisson disc sampling (over a rectangle of 1x2, minimum distance
    % between marks of 0.1)
    \edef\mylist{\poissonpointslist{1}{2}{0.1}{25}}
    \foreach \x/\y in \mylist {
        \pgfmathsetmacro{\angle}{60*rnd}
        \path ($(\x,\y)+ (2,0)$) pic[scale=0.4,rotate=\angle] {pattern};
    }
    \draw [ultra thick,blue] (2,0) rectangle +(1,2);
    \node[fill=white, inner sep=1pt] at (2.5,1){patch};
\end{tikzpicture}

\end{document}

使用lualatex最新的 pgf 库进行编译，您将获得：

结果

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