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使用 TikZ 制作图片序列

tag-icon • tag-icon tikz-pgf tikz-chains
使用 TikZ 制作图片序列

最近，我经常想通过一系列图片来说明图算法，例如

TikZ 图片序列

我目前的做法是创建一个链，然后tikzpicture在每个节点中放置一个嵌套。如您所见，这会破坏节点放置并使树木倾斜（预期的行为是所有树木在红色填充跳跃之前看起来都一样）。

目前，我猜测原因最好的是链库，因为如果我用其他放置外部节点的方法替换链，树就会正确绘制。所以我的问题是，如何在不牺牲链库易用性的情况下正确绘制树。

以下是生成上述示例的代码：

\documentclass{standalone}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{chains}

\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[
    % Chain style
    start chain, 
    node distance = 1cm,
    every on chain/.style = {join},
    every join/.style = {->, draw=black, line width = 1pt},
]
\foreach \i in {1,...,3} {
    \node [on chain, rectangle, draw=black, dashed] {
        \begin{tikzpicture}[
            % Tree style
            cvertex/.style = {solid, circle, draw=black, line width=1pt, inner sep = 4pt}, 
            cedge/.style = {solid, draw=black, line width=1pt},
            edge from parent/.style = {cedge},
            level distance = 1cm, 
            sibling distance = 1cm, 
            %
            % Animation styles
            highlighted/.style = { fill = red },
            step base/.style = { o/.style={cvertex}, l/.style={cvertex}, r/.style={cvertex} },
            step 1/.style = {step base, o/.append style = {highlighted} },
            step 2/.style = {step base, l/.append style = {highlighted} },
            step 3/.style = {step base, r/.append style = {highlighted} },
            step \i
        ]
        \node [o] {}
            child { node [l] {} }
            child { node [r] {} }
        ; 
        \end{tikzpicture}
    };
}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

答案1

不确定为什么链会弄乱内部图片中的节点，我觉得应该有一个简单的解决方案，但这里有一个使用picPGF 3.0 语法的想法。它本质上创造了一种在链上的错觉pic，因此可以做类似的事情：

\begin{scope}[start chain=going right, every join/.style={-stealth},
style 1/.style=, style 2/.style=, style 3/.style=]

\foreach \i in {1,...,3}
  \pic [style \i/.style={fill=red}] {graph={
    \node [style 1] {} child { node [style 2] {} }  child { node [style 3] {} };
  }};

\end{scope}

这将产生这样的结果：

在此处输入图片描述

下面的代码pic显示了一个更极端的例子：

\documentclass[tikz,border=5]{standalone}
\usetikzlibrary{chains, fit}
\begin{document}
\newbox\picbox
\begin{tikzpicture}[graph/.pic={
  \pgfinterruptpicture% 
  % Interrupt the picture and put the graph in a box.
  \global\setbox\picbox=\hbox{\pgfpicture%
     % Set default tree options
     \tikzset{every node/.style={circle, draw, inner sep=0.0625cm}, 
       level distance=0.5cm, sibling distance=.5cm}%
      #1
    \endpgfpicture}%
  \endpgfinterruptpicture%
  % Put box in a separate node otherwise some parameters
  % (e.g., dashing) will be inherited by the picture in the \picbox.
  \node [on chain, join, outer sep=0pt] (@) {\copy\picbox}; 
  % Fit the dashed box around the existing box.
  \node [draw, fit=(@), inner sep=0pt, dashed] {};
}]

\begin{scope}[start chain=going right, every join/.style={-stealth}]

\pic {graph={
  \node [fill=red] {} child { node {} }  child { node {} };
}};

\pic {graph={
  \node {} child { node [fill=red] {} }  child { node {} };
}};

\pic [continue chain=going below] {graph={
  \node {} child { node {} }  child { node [fill=red] {} };
}};

\pic [continue chain=going left] {graph={
  \node {} child { node {} }  child { node {}
    child { node [fill=green] {} } child { node {} } };
}};

\pic [continue chain=going below] {graph={
  \node {} child { node {} }  child { node {}
    child { node {} } child { node [fill=blue] {} } };
}};

\pic [continue chain=going right] {graph={
  \node [fill=red] {}
    [level 2/.style={sibling distance=.25cm}] 
    child { node [fill=yellow] {}
      child { node [fill=pink]  {} }
      child { node [fill=green] {} }
    }
    child { node [fill=orange] {}
      child { node [fill=purple] {} } 
      child { node [fill=blue] {} } 
    };
}};

\end{scope}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

在此处输入图片描述

另一种方法是使用新的图表材料，必须用以下方法进行编译lualatex：

\documentclass[tikz, border=5]{standalone}
\usetikzlibrary{graphs,graphdrawing}
\usegdlibrary{trees}
 \usetikzlibrary{chains}
\begin{document}

\begin{tikzpicture}[start chain=going right, every join/.style={->}]

\foreach \i in {1,2,3}
  \node [on chain, join, draw, dashed]{
    \tikz[solid]
      \graph [tree layout, nodes={circle, draw}, empty nodes, s\i/.style={/tikz/fill=red}] 
        { 1[s1/.try] -- {2[s2/.try], [s3/.try]3} }; };

\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

在此处输入图片描述

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