使矩阵对齐

Question

如何让第三个矩阵从第二行开始？由于有些项目重叠在一起，如何调整第二个矩阵的间距？

非常感谢！

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\begin{document}
\[
F=
    \begin{bmatrix} 
      F_ {11} & F_ {12} & 0\\
      F_ {21} & F_ {22} &0 \\
      0 & 0 & F_{33} 
   \end{bmatrix}
   =
    \begin{bmatrix} 
     1+ \dfrac{\partial u_r}{\partial r} & \dfrac{\partial u_r}{\partial z}& 0\\
       \dfrac{\partial u_z}{\partial r} & 1+\dfrac{\partial u_z}{\partial z}  &0 \\
      0 & 0 & 1+ \dfrac{\partial u_r}{\partial r} 
   \end{bmatrix}
    =
    \begin{bmatrix} 
     1+ \dfrac{\partial u_1}{\partial 1} & \dfrac{\partial u_1}{\partial 2}& 0\\
       \dfrac{\partial u_2}{\partial 1} & 1+\dfrac{\partial u_2}{\partial 2}  &0 \\
      0 & 0 & 1+ \dfrac{\partial u_1}{\partial 1} 
   \end{bmatrix}
\]

\end{document}

Answer 1

用环境来align*代替\[...。\]

可以增加间距，\\用\\[<space>]如以下 MWE 中的替换。

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\begin{document}

\begin{align*}
F&=
    \begin{bmatrix}
      F_ {11} & F_ {12} & 0\\[1ex]
      F_ {21} & F_ {22} &0 \\[1ex]
      0 & 0 & F_{33}
   \end{bmatrix}
   =
    \begin{bmatrix}
     1+ \dfrac{\partial u_r}{\partial r} & \dfrac{\partial u_r}{\partial z}& 0\\[2ex]
       \dfrac{\partial u_z}{\partial r} & 1+\dfrac{\partial u_z}{\partial z}  &0 \\[2ex]
      0 & 0 & 1+ \dfrac{\partial u_r}{\partial r}
   \end{bmatrix}\\[2ex]
    & =
    \begin{bmatrix}
     1+ \dfrac{\partial u_1}{\partial 1} & \dfrac{\partial u_1}{\partial 2}& 0\\[2ex]
       \dfrac{\partial u_2}{\partial 1} & 1+\dfrac{\partial u_2}{\partial 2}  &0 \\[2ex]
      0 & 0 & 1+ \dfrac{\partial u_1}{\partial 1}
   \end{bmatrix}
\end{align*}

\end{document} 

如果您需要编号方程，最好在环境split内部使用equation。

平均能量损失

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\begin{document}

\begin{equation}
\begin{split}
F&=
    \begin{bmatrix}
      F_ {11} & F_ {12} & 0\\[1ex]
      F_ {21} & F_ {22} &0 \\[1ex]
      0 & 0 & F_{33}
   \end{bmatrix}
   =
    \begin{bmatrix}
     1+ \dfrac{\partial u_r}{\partial r} & \dfrac{\partial u_r}{\partial z}& 0\\[2ex]
       \dfrac{\partial u_z}{\partial r} & 1+\dfrac{\partial u_z}{\partial z}  &0 \\[2ex]
      0 & 0 & 1+ \dfrac{\partial u_r}{\partial r}
   \end{bmatrix}\\[2ex]
    & =
    \begin{bmatrix}
     1+ \dfrac{\partial u_1}{\partial 1} & \dfrac{\partial u_1}{\partial 2}& 0\\[2ex]
       \dfrac{\partial u_2}{\partial 1} & 1+\dfrac{\partial u_2}{\partial 2}  &0 \\[2ex]
      0 & 0 & 1+ \dfrac{\partial u_1}{\partial 1}
   \end{bmatrix}
\end{split}
\end{equation}

\end{document}