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矩阵中水平盒子溢出

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矩阵中水平盒子溢出

我正在输入一份包含许多大型矩阵的技术报告。我正在寻找一种方法来打印这些矩阵并在其旁边显示方程编号，而不会出现 \hbox 过满错误。

我在想是否可以暂时改变矩阵的页边距。我真的不想使用较小的文本，因为这样矩阵就会变得有点难以阅读。这是我的矩阵目前的样子。任何建议都将不胜感激。谢谢。

在此处输入图片描述

我创建上述矩阵的代码如下：

\documentclass[12pt]{article}

\usepackage[margin=1in]{geometry}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\setcounter{MaxMatrixCols}{20}    

\begin{document}

\begin{equation}
    \textbf{k}
    =
    \begin{bmatrix}
        \frac{EA}{L} & 0  & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & \frac{-EA}{L} & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 \\
         & \frac{12EI_z}{L^3} & 0& 0& 0& \frac{6EI_z}{L^2} & 0& \frac{-12EI_z}{L^3} & 0 & 0& 0 &\frac{6EI_z}{L^2}  \\
         & & \frac{12EI_y}{L^3} & 0& \frac{-6EI_y}{L^2} & 0& 0& 0& \frac{-12EI_y}{L^3} & 0& \frac{-6EI_y}{L^2} & 0 \\
         & & & \frac{GI_p}{L} & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & \frac{-GI_p}{L} & 0 & 0 \\
         &  & & & \frac{4EI_y}{L}& 0 & 0& 0 & \frac{6EI_y}{L^2}& 0 & \frac{2EI_y}{L}  & 0 \\
         &  & & &  & \frac{4EI_z}{L} & 0 & \frac{-6EI_z}{L^2}& 0 & 0  & 0  & \frac{2EI_z}{L} \\
         &  &  &  & &  & \frac{EA}{L}  & 0 & 0  & 0 & 0 & 0  \\
         & & &  & & &  & \frac{12EI_z}{L^3}  & 0  & 0 & 0   & \frac{-6EI_z}{L^2} \\
         &   &  &  &  & & &  & \frac{12EI_y}{L^3}  & 0  & \frac{6EI_y}{L^2}  & 0 \\
         & &   & &  & & & &  & \frac{GI_p}{L}  & 0 & 0  \\
         & &  & & &  & & & & & \frac{4EI_y}{L}& 0  \\
         symm. & &  &   &  &  &  &  & &  && \frac{4EI_z}{L}                   
    \end{bmatrix}
    \label{kmat}
\end{equation}

\end{document}

答案1

我停止了 symm 扩展第一列（不要对多字母单词使用数学斜体）并稍微减少了列填充：

在此处输入图片描述

\documentclass[12pt]{article}

\usepackage[margin=1in]{geometry}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\setcounter{MaxMatrixCols}{20}


\begin{document}

\begin{equation}\setlength\arraycolsep{4pt}
    \textbf{k}
    =
    \begin{bmatrix}
        \frac{EA}{L} & 0  & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & \frac{-EA}{L} & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 \\
         & \frac{12EI_z}{L^3} & 0& 0& 0& \frac{6EI_z}{L^2} & 0& \frac{-12EI_z}{L^3} & 0 & 0& 0 &\frac{6EI_z}{L^2}  \\
         & & \frac{12EI_y}{L^3} & 0& \frac{-6EI_y}{L^2} & 0& 0& 0& \frac{-12EI_y}{L^3} & 0& \frac{-6EI_y}{L^2} & 0 \\
         & & & \frac{GI_p}{L} & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & \frac{-GI_p}{L} & 0 & 0 \\
         &  & & & \frac{4EI_y}{L}& 0 & 0& 0 & \frac{6EI_y}{L^2}& 0 & \frac{2EI_y}{L}  & 0 \\
         &  & & &  & \frac{4EI_z}{L} & 0 & \frac{-6EI_z}{L^2}& 0 & 0  & 0  & \frac{2EI_z}{L} \\
         &  &  &  & &  & \frac{EA}{L}  & 0 & 0  & 0 & 0 & 0  \\
         & & &  & & &  & \frac{12EI_z}{L^3}  & 0  & 0 & 0   & \frac{-6EI_z}{L^2} \\
         &   &  &  &  & & &  & \frac{12EI_y}{L^3}  & 0  & \frac{6EI_y}{L^2}  & 0 \\
         & &   & &  & & & &  & \frac{GI_p}{L}  & 0 & 0  \\
         & &  & & &  & & & & & \frac{4EI_y}{L}& 0  \\
         \rlap{\textit{symm.}} & &  &   &  &  &  &  & &  && \frac{4EI_z}{L}                   
    \end{bmatrix}
    \label{kmat}
\end{equation}

\end{document}

答案2

TABstack 可以做到这一点，而不会出现框过满的情况。列间间隙和行间基线跳跃分别设置为

\setstacktabbedgap{1ex}
\setstackgap{L}{1.4\baselineskip}

编辑\rlap“symm.”，既不让它影响列大小，又将其作为文本。

因此，MWE 为：

\documentclass[12pt]{article}

\usepackage[margin=1in]{geometry}
\usepackage{amsmath,tabstackengine}
\setcounter{MaxMatrixCols}{20}

\begin{document}

\begin{equation}
\setstacktabbedgap{1ex}
\setstackgap{L}{1.4\baselineskip}
    \textbf{k}
    =
    \bracketMatrixstack{
        \frac{EA}{L} & 0  & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & \frac{-EA}{L} & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 \\
         & \frac{12EI_z}{L^3} & 0& 0& 0& \frac{6EI_z}{L^2} & 0& \frac{-12EI_z}{L^3} & 0 & 0& 0 &\frac{6EI_z}{L^2}  \\
         & & \frac{12EI_y}{L^3} & 0& \frac{-6EI_y}{L^2} & 0& 0& 0& \frac{-12EI_y}{L^3} & 0& \frac{-6EI_y}{L^2} & 0 \\
         & & & \frac{GI_p}{L} & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & \frac{-GI_p}{L} & 0 & 0 \\
         &  & & & \frac{4EI_y}{L}& 0 & 0& 0 & \frac{6EI_y}{L^2}& 0 & \frac{2EI_y}{L}  & 0 \\
         &  & & &  & \frac{4EI_z}{L} & 0 & \frac{-6EI_z}{L^2}& 0 & 0  & 0  & \frac{2EI_z}{L} \\
         &  &  &  & &  & \frac{EA}{L}  & 0 & 0  & 0 & 0 & 0  \\
         & & &  & & &  & \frac{12EI_z}{L^3}  & 0  & 0 & 0   & \frac{-6EI_z}{L^2} \\
         &   &  &  &  & & &  & \frac{12EI_y}{L^3}  & 0  & \frac{6EI_y}{L^2}  & 0 \\
         & &   & &  & & & &  & \frac{GI_p}{L}  & 0 & 0  \\
         & &  & & &  & & & & & \frac{4EI_y}{L}& 0  \\
         \rlap{symm.} & &  &   &  &  &  &  & &  && \frac{4EI_z}{L}                   
    }
    \label{kmat}
\end{equation}

\end{document}

在此处输入图片描述

答案3

如果您确实需要大量空间……

\documentclass[12pt]{article}
\usepackage[margin=1in]{geometry}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{pdflscape}
\setcounter{MaxMatrixCols}{20}

\begin{document}
\begin{landscape}
\noindent\rule{\linewidth}{1pt}

\begin{equation}\arraycolsep=1em
    \textbf{k}
    =
    \begin{bmatrix}
        \frac{EA}{L} & 0  & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & \frac{-EA}{L} & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 \\
         & \frac{12EI_z}{L^3} & 0& 0& 0& \frac{6EI_z}{L^2} & 0& \frac{-12EI_z}{L^3} & 0 & 0& 0 &\frac{6EI_z}{L^2}  \\
         & & \frac{12EI_y}{L^3} & 0& \frac{-6EI_y}{L^2} & 0& 0& 0& \frac{-12EI_y}{L^3} & 0& \frac{-6EI_y}{L^2} & 0 \\
         & & & \frac{GI_p}{L} & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & \frac{-GI_p}{L} & 0 & 0 \\
         &  & & & \frac{4EI_y}{L}& 0 & 0& 0 & \frac{6EI_y}{L^2}& 0 & \frac{2EI_y}{L}  & 0 \\
         &  & & &  & \frac{4EI_z}{L} & 0 & \frac{-6EI_z}{L^2}& 0 & 0  & 0  & \frac{2EI_z}{L} \\
         &  &  &  & &  & \frac{EA}{L}  & 0 & 0  & 0 & 0 & 0  \\
         & & &  & & &  & \frac{12EI_z}{L^3}  & 0  & 0 & 0   & \frac{-6EI_z}{L^2} \\
         &   &  &  &  & & &  & \frac{12EI_y}{L^3}  & 0  & \frac{6EI_y}{L^2}  & 0 \\
         & &   & &  & & & &  & \frac{GI_p}{L}  & 0 & 0  \\
         & &  & & &  & & & & & \frac{4EI_y}{L}& 0  \\
         symm. & &  &   &  &  &  &  & &  && \frac{4EI_z}{L}                   
    \end{bmatrix}
    \label{kmat}
\end{equation}

\end{landscape}
\end{document}

景观

您可以使用 minipage 和负 \hspace 暂时更改边距，但这是错误的。

\documentclass[12pt]{article}
\usepackage[margin=1in]{geometry}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\setcounter{MaxMatrixCols}{20}

\begin{document}
\noindent\rule{\textwidth}{1pt}
\medskip

\noindent\hspace{-.25in}\begin{minipage}{\dimexpr \textwidth+.5in}
\noindent\rule{\textwidth}{1pt}

\begin{equation}
    \textbf{k}
    =
    \begin{bmatrix}
        \frac{EA}{L} & 0  & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & \frac{-EA}{L} & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 \\
         & \frac{12EI_z}{L^3} & 0& 0& 0& \frac{6EI_z}{L^2} & 0& \frac{-12EI_z}{L^3} & 0 & 0& 0 &\frac{6EI_z}{L^2}  \\
         & & \frac{12EI_y}{L^3} & 0& \frac{-6EI_y}{L^2} & 0& 0& 0& \frac{-12EI_y}{L^3} & 0& \frac{-6EI_y}{L^2} & 0 \\
         & & & \frac{GI_p}{L} & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & \frac{-GI_p}{L} & 0 & 0 \\
         &  & & & \frac{4EI_y}{L}& 0 & 0& 0 & \frac{6EI_y}{L^2}& 0 & \frac{2EI_y}{L}  & 0 \\
         &  & & &  & \frac{4EI_z}{L} & 0 & \frac{-6EI_z}{L^2}& 0 & 0  & 0  & \frac{2EI_z}{L} \\
         &  &  &  & &  & \frac{EA}{L}  & 0 & 0  & 0 & 0 & 0  \\
         & & &  & & &  & \frac{12EI_z}{L^3}  & 0  & 0 & 0   & \frac{-6EI_z}{L^2} \\
         &   &  &  &  & & &  & \frac{12EI_y}{L^3}  & 0  & \frac{6EI_y}{L^2}  & 0 \\
         & &   & &  & & & &  & \frac{GI_p}{L}  & 0 & 0  \\
         & &  & & &  & & & & & \frac{4EI_y}{L}& 0  \\
         symm. & &  &   &  &  &  &  & &  && \frac{4EI_z}{L}                   
    \end{bmatrix}
    \label{kmat}
\end{equation}
\end{minipage}\hspace{-.25in}

\end{document}

改变边距

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