我正在尝试对齐表格中的文本，但不知何故第一个带有年份 (1848) 的单元格未对齐。我该如何修复此问题？另一个问题是：如何指定是否要在不同的列 {ccc} 中将文本右对齐、左对齐或居中对齐。我如何指定列宽的大小？{r(2cm)}r(2cm)
以下是我的 WE：
%---------------------Preamble---------------%
\documentclass[twoside,b5paper,9.5pt,openright]{book}
\usepackage[total={13cm,19.5cm},top=2.5cm,bottom=2.0cm,left=2.0cm,right=2.0cm, includefoot]{geometry}
\usepackage[english]{babel}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage[bitstream-charter]{mathdesign}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{tocloft}
\usepackage{fixltx2e}
\usepackage{sectsty}
\usepackage[english]{babel}
\usepackage{microtype} % removes extra spacing between text
\usepackage{chapterbib}
\pagenumbering{gobble} % Remove page numbers in a section. The counting starts from Introduction
\usepackage{fancyhdr} % fancy heading style in headers and footers
\usepackage{footnote} % use with savenotes to show footnotes % footnotemark can be used when you have to use the same footnote twice (to avoid repetition)
\usepackage{graphicx} % include graphs/ figures in the file
\usepackage{setspace} % to set the line spacing in the document
\usepackage{ragged2e}
\usepackage{lscape} % to write pages in landscape environment
\usepackage{threeparttable} % to add footnotes to the tables
\usepackage{booktabs}
\usepackage{caption} % to create some space between table caption and table, otherwise there was no space
\captionsetup[table]{skip=5pt}
\usepackage[normalem]{ulem} % to underline the text
\providecommand\phantomsection{}
\setcounter{secnumdepth}{3}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage[labelfont=bf]{caption}
\usepackage[font={small}]{caption}
\let\newfloat\relax
\usepackage{floatrow}
\floatsetup[table]{capposition=top}
\floatsetup[figure]{capposition=bottom}
\usepackage{etoolbox}
\usepackage{subfig}
\usepackage{xcolor}
\usepackage{grffile} % to avoid printing the figure name (or otherwise, give figure names without spaces)
\usepackage{float} % figures as 6 (a), 6 (b) etc.
\usepackage{tabu}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usepackage{arydshln}
\raggedbottom
\usepackage[compact]{titlesec}
\usepackage[sort&compress]{natbib}
\usepackage{lipsum}
\usepackage{hyperref}
\setlength{\bibsep}{3.05pt} % spacing between different references
\def\bibfont{\scriptsize} % fontsize of the references
\usepackage[
singlelinecheck=false
]{caption}
%---------------------Document starts here---------------%
\begin{document} % the document starts here!
\begin{table}[h!]
\scriptsize
\centering
\caption{Historical milestones in development of animal cell cultures (\cite{butler2004, verma2014})}
\begin{tabular}{ccc} \toprule
\textbf{Timeline} & \textbf{Scientist} & \textbf{Achievements} \tabularnewline
\midrule
1878 & Bernard & Physiological state of cells can be maintained after the death of an organism \tabularnewline \rule{0cm}{0.30cm}
1885 & Roux & Maintained chick embryonic cells in warm salt solutions \tabularnewline \rule{0cm}{0.30cm}
1989 & Amgen Inc. & Recombinant erythropoietin produced in CHO cells \tabularnewline
\bottomrule
\end{tabular}%
\label{tab:history}%
\end{table}%
\end{document}
答案1
这是使用包的示例threeparttable。您的对齐问题是由不可见规则引起的，我用命令替换了它\addlinespace。我调整了的值\defaultaddspace以获得与您的不可见规则相同的效果。
\documentclass[twoside,b5paper,9.5pt,openright]{book}
\usepackage[total={13cm,19.5cm},top=2.5cm,bottom=2.0cm,left=2.0cm,right=2.0cm, includefoot]{geometry}
\usepackage[english]{babel}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage[bitstream-charter]{mathdesign}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{fixltx2e}
\usepackage[english]{babel}
\usepackage{microtype} % removes extra spacing between text
\pagenumbering{gobble} % Remove page numbers in a section. The counting starts from Introduction
\usepackage{ragged2e}
%\usepackage{lscape} % to write pages in landscape environment
\usepackage{array, threeparttable} % to add footnotes to the tables
\usepackage{booktabs}
\usepackage{caption} % to create some space between table caption and table, otherwise there was no space
\captionsetup[table]{skip=5pt}
\usepackage[singlelinecheck=false]{caption}
\setlength\defaultaddspace{0.66ex}
%---------------------Document starts here---------------%
\begin{document} % the document starts here!
\begin{table}[h!]
\scriptsize
\captionsetup{font=small}
\setlength\defaultaddspace{0.66ex}
\centering
\begin{threeparttable}
\caption{Historical milestones in development of animal cell cultures (\cite{butler2004, verma2014})}
\label{tab:history}%
\begin{tabular}{@{}ccm{5cm}@{}}
\toprule
\textbf{Timeline} & \textbf{Scientist} & \textbf{Achievements} \tabularnewline
\midrule
1878 & Bernard & Physiological state of cells can be maintained after the death of an organism \tabularnewline
\addlinespace
1885 & Roux & Maintained chick embryonic cells in warm salt solutions \tabularnewline
\addlinespace
1989 & Amgen Inc. & Recombinant erythropoietin produced in CHO cells \tabularnewline
\bottomrule
\end{tabular}%
\end{threeparttable}
\end{table}%
\end{document}
答案2
问题是，支柱\rule{0cm}{0.30cm}应该位于\tabularnewline：之前
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{booktabs}
\begin{document} % the document starts here!
\begin{table}[h!]
\scriptsize
\centering
\caption{Historical milestones in development of animal cell cultures (\cite{butler2004, verma2014})}
\begin{tabular}{ccc} \toprule
\textbf{Timeline} & \textbf{Scientist} & \textbf{Achievements} \tabularnewline
\midrule
1878 & Bernard & Physiological state of cells can be maintained after the death of an organism \rule{0cm}{0.30cm}\tabularnewline
1885 & Roux & Maintained chick embryonic cells in warm salt solutions \rule{0cm}{0.30cm}\tabularnewline
1989 & Amgen Inc. & Recombinant erythropoietin produced in CHO cells\rule{0cm}{0.30cm} \tabularnewline
\bottomrule
\end{tabular}%
\label{tab:history}%
\end{table}%
\end{document}
\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.5}不过，请考虑移除所有支柱并使用（您可以使用 1.5）来\begin{table}控制行距的可能性。
至于如何对齐列，如果您希望列分别左对齐或右对齐，请使用{l}或{r}代替。{c}
最后，关于控制可以使用的列宽{p{1cm}}（对于这种类型的列，文本的对齐方式与普通段落相同；如果需要左对齐、右对齐或居中对齐，请参见如何创建带有文本“raggedright/centered/raggedleft”的固定宽度表格列？）
答案3
这是制作该表的一种简单方法。
在任何 LaTeX 表中，您都可以在序言中设置列的对齐方式，例如{rll}。要指定宽度，您可以使用p{\width}代表\width带单位的测量长度（4cm）或 LaTeX 变量长度（0.5\linewidth）。
该tabularx包非常适合这个特定的表格，因为您可以指定前两列，然后使用一X列来获取填充剩余空间并根据需要换行文本的右列。
由于您已经在使用booktabs，它旨在通过其\toprule和\midrule命令实现特定样式的表格，因此向表格添加其他规则可能不是最佳样式。您可以\addlinespace从booktabs包中查看。
该类book设计用于将标题放在表格下方；否则间距会不合适。 并且\tabularnewline不需要在普通表格中使用，只有\\。
\documentclass{book}
\usepackage{booktabs,tabularx}
\begin{document}
\begin{table}
\begin{tabularx}{\linewidth}{r l X}
\toprule
Timeline & Scientist & Achievements\\
\midrule
1878 & Bernard & Physiological state of cells can be maintained after the death of an organism\\
1885 & Roux & Maintained chick embryonic cells in warm salt solutions\\
1989 & Amgen Inc. & Recombinant erythropoietin produced in CHO cells\\
\bottomrule
\end{tabularx}
\caption{Historical milestones in development of animal cell cultures}
\label{tab:history}
\end{table}
\end{document}
答案4
您可以遵循以下详细的 bibtex 规范：14 种 BibTeX 条目类型。
