我已经找到了一些涉及同一一般问题的条目（这里，这里，和这里），但他们都没有帮助我解决我的问题。
我正在使用 BibLaTeX 和 biber 将我的文献列表编译成 pdf，但出现了五个错误，似乎与 bib 文件有关。LaTeX 日志文件显示：
[43] [44] [45] [46] [47]
! Missing $ inserted.
<inserted text>
$
l.76 \printbibliography[title={Literature list}]
I've inserted a begin-math/end-math symbol since I think
you left one out. Proceed, with fingers crossed.
! Missing $ inserted.
<inserted text>
$
l.76 \printbibliography[title={Literature list}]
I've inserted something that you may have forgotten.
(See the <inserted text> above.)
With luck, this will get me unwedged. But if you
really didn't forget anything, try typing `2' now; then
my insertion and my current dilemma will both disappear.
! Missing $ inserted.
<inserted text>
$
l.76 \printbibliography[title={Literature list}]
I've inserted a begin-math/end-math symbol since I think
you left one out. Proceed, with fingers crossed.
! You can't use `\spacefactor' in math mode.
\reserved@b ->\spacefactor
\@m
l.76 \printbibliography[title={Literature list}]
Sorry, but I'm not programmed to handle this case;
I'll just pretend that you didn't ask for it.
If you're in the wrong mode, you might be able to
return to the right one by typing `I}' or `I$' or `I\par'.
! Missing $ inserted.
<inserted text>
$
l.76 \printbibliography[title={Literature list}]
I've inserted something that you may have forgotten.
(See the <inserted text> above.)
With luck, this will get me unwedged. But if you
really didn't forget anything, try typing `2' now; then
my insertion and my current dilemma will both disappear.
因此，我将其解释为 bib 文件中存在我忘记结束的数学模式，或者由于其他编码错误而假定它们。由于该文件有超过 1000 个条目，因此对其进行注释然后慢慢重新包含直到出现错误的建议并不容易。由于我不想在这里上传整个 bib 文件，所以我也没有提供最小示例。
我的问题很简单：有什么方法可以找到哪个条目导致问题？我附加了 biber 的 .blg 文件，但没有找到与问题相关的任何内容。运行biber --tools --debug File.bib也没有提供任何更有用的信息。
BLG 文件：
[0] Config.pm:320> INFO - This is Biber 1.9
[0] Config.pm:322> INFO - Config file is 'C:\Users\Manuel\University\Digital Literature\Literature\AAALiteratureDatabases\biber.conf'
[0] Config.pm:323> INFO - Logfile is 'Literaturliste.blg'
[33] biber-MSWIN:274> INFO - === %a %b %e, %Y, %H:%M:%S
[33] Biber.pm:333> INFO - Reading 'Literaturliste.bcf'
[112] Biber.pm:632> INFO - Using all citekeys in bib section 0
[149] Biber.pm:3051> INFO - Processing section 0
[177] Biber.pm:3189> INFO - Looking for bibtex format file 'LiteratureDatabase.bib' for section 0
[326] bibtex.pm:990> INFO - Decoding LaTeX character macros into UTF-8
[504] bibtex.pm:864> INFO - Found BibTeX data source 'LiteratureDatabase.bib'
[1963] Utils.pm:144> WARN - BibTeX subsystem: C:\Users\Manuel\AppData\Local\Temp\mVa3gb927C\LiteratureDatabase.bib_11652.utf8, line 4319, warning: possible runaway string started at line 4305
[1964] Utils.pm:144> WARN - BibTeX subsystem: warning: comma(s) at end of name (removing)
[1964] Utils.pm:144> WARN - BibTeX subsystem: editor, warning: comma(s) at end of name (removing)
[1964] Utils.pm:144> WARN - BibTeX subsystem: warning: comma(s) at end of name (removing)
[1965] Utils.pm:144> WARN - BibTeX subsystem: author, warning: comma(s) at end of name (removing)
[17403] UCollate.pm:66> INFO - Overriding locale 'en-GB' defaults 'variable = shifted' with 'variable = non-ignorable'
[17404] UCollate.pm:66> INFO - Overriding locale 'en-GB' defaults 'normalization = NFD' with 'normalization = prenormalized'
[17404] Biber.pm:2928> INFO - Sorting list 'nyt' of type 'entry' with scheme 'nyt' and locale 'en-GB'
[17404] Biber.pm:2932> INFO - No sort tailoring available for locale 'en-GB'
[20933] bbl.pm:517> INFO - Writing 'Literaturliste.bbl' with encoding 'latin9'
[20936] Utils.pm:144> WARN - The entry 'AdamsEtAl:2014' has characters which cannot be encoded in 'latin9'. Recoding problematic characters into macros.
[20941] Utils.pm:144> WARN - The entry 'AlizonEtAl:2008' has characters which cannot be encoded in 'latin9'. Recoding problematic characters into macros.
[20947] Utils.pm:144> WARN - The entry 'AndreEtAl:2013' has characters which cannot be encoded in 'latin9'. Recoding problematic characters into macros.
[20953] Utils.pm:144> WARN - The entry 'AurahsEtAl:2009' has characters which cannot be encoded in 'latin9'. Recoding problematic characters into macros.
[20954] Utils.pm:144> WARN - The entry 'AurahsEtAl:2011' has characters which cannot be encoded in 'latin9'. Recoding problematic characters into macros.
[20973] Utils.pm:144> WARN - The entry 'BitonEtAl:2010' has characters which cannot be encoded in 'latin9'. Recoding problematic characters into macros.
[20976] Utils.pm:144> WARN - The entry 'Blanckenhorn:2000' has characters which cannot be encoded in 'latin9'. Recoding problematic characters into macros.
[20983] Utils.pm:144> WARN - The entry 'Brady:1877' has characters which cannot be encoded in 'latin9'. Recoding problematic characters into macros.
[20992] Utils.pm:144> WARN - The entry 'CalinskiHarabesz:1974' has characters which cannot be encoded in 'latin9'. Recoding problematic characters into macros.
[20997] Utils.pm:144> WARN - The entry 'CarpenterBithell:2000' has characters which cannot be encoded in 'latin9'. Recoding problematic characters into macros.
[21002] Utils.pm:144> WARN - The entry 'ChrysafiSheldon:2006' has characters which cannot be encoded in 'latin9'. Recoding problematic characters into macros.
[21010] Utils.pm:144> WARN - The entry 'CopperPurvis:2009' has characters which cannot be encoded in 'latin9'. Recoding problematic characters into macros.
[21016] Utils.pm:144> WARN - The entry 'DarlingEtAl:2006' has characters which cannot be encoded in 'latin9'. Recoding problematic characters into macros.
[21017] Utils.pm:144> WARN - The entry 'DarlingEtAl:2004' has characters which cannot be encoded in 'latin9'. Recoding problematic characters into macros.
[21019] Utils.pm:144> WARN - The entry 'DarlingEtAl:2007' has characters which cannot be encoded in 'latin9'. Recoding problematic characters into macros.
[21021] Utils.pm:144> WARN - The entry 'DarlingEtAl:2003' has characters which cannot be encoded in 'latin9'. Recoding problematic characters into macros.
[21050] Utils.pm:144> WARN - The entry 'FergusonEtAl:2008' has characters which cannot be encoded in 'latin9'. Recoding problematic characters into macros.
[21062] Utils.pm:144> WARN - The entry 'Galileo:1638' has characters which cannot be encoded in 'latin9'. Recoding problematic characters into macros.
[21086] Utils.pm:144> WARN - The entry 'HayesEtAl:2005' has characters which cannot be encoded in 'latin9'. Recoding problematic characters into macros.
[21102] Utils.pm:144> WARN - The entry 'HoneBenton:2005' has characters which cannot be encoded in 'latin9'. Recoding problematic characters into macros.
[21106] Utils.pm:144> WARN - The entry 'HovermanRelyea:2007' has characters which cannot be encoded in 'latin9'. Recoding problematic characters into macros.
[21112] Utils.pm:144> WARN - The entry 'HuebscherEtAl:2010' has characters which cannot be encoded in 'latin9'. Recoding problematic characters into macros.
[21118] Utils.pm:144> WARN - The entry 'ItouEtAl:2001' has characters which cannot be encoded in 'latin9'. Recoding problematic characters into macros.
[21138] Utils.pm:144> WARN - The entry 'Kucera:1997' has characters which cannot be encoded in 'latin9'. Recoding problematic characters into macros.
[21140] Utils.pm:144> WARN - The entry 'Kucera:1998' has characters which cannot be encoded in 'latin9'. Recoding problematic characters into macros.
[21142] Utils.pm:144> WARN - The entry 'Kucera:2007' has characters which cannot be encoded in 'latin9'. Recoding problematic characters into macros.
[21145] Utils.pm:144> WARN - The entry 'KuceraKennett:2000' has characters which cannot be encoded in 'latin9'. Recoding problematic characters into macros.
[21147] Utils.pm:144> WARN - The entry 'KuceraKennett:2002' has characters which cannot be encoded in 'latin9'. Recoding problematic characters into macros.
[21148] Utils.pm:144> WARN - The entry 'KuceraMalmgren:1996' has characters which cannot be encoded in 'latin9'. Recoding problematic characters into macros.
[21150] Utils.pm:144> WARN - The entry 'KuceraMalmgren:1998a' has characters which cannot be encoded in 'latin9'. Recoding problematic characters into macros.
[21152] Utils.pm:144> WARN - The entry 'KuceraMalmgren:1998' has characters which cannot be encoded in 'latin9'. Recoding problematic characters into macros.
[21155] Utils.pm:144> WARN - The entry 'KuceraEtAl:2005' has characters which cannot be encoded in 'latin9'. Recoding problematic characters into macros.
[21158] Utils.pm:144> WARN - The entry 'KuceraWidmark:2000' has characters which cannot be encoded in 'latin9'. Recoding problematic characters into macros.
[21168] Utils.pm:144> WARN - The entry 'Leinfelder:2009' has characters which cannot be encoded in 'latin9'. Recoding problematic characters into macros.
[21170] Utils.pm:144> WARN - The entry 'LensEtAl:2002' has characters which cannot be encoded in 'latin9'. Recoding problematic characters into macros.
[21178] Utils.pm:144> WARN - The entry 'LohmannMalmgren:1983' has characters which cannot be encoded in 'latin9'. Recoding problematic characters into macros.
[21182] Utils.pm:144> WARN - The entry 'LoncaricEtAl:2005' has characters which cannot be encoded in 'latin9'. Recoding problematic characters into macros.
[21184] Utils.pm:144> WARN - The entry 'Ludwig:1999' has characters which cannot be encoded in 'latin9'. Recoding problematic characters into macros.
[21193] Utils.pm:144> WARN - The entry 'MalmgrenEtAl:1996' has characters which cannot be encoded in 'latin9'. Recoding problematic characters into macros.
[21197] Utils.pm:144> WARN - The entry 'MarinoEtAl:2009' has characters which cannot be encoded in 'latin9'. Recoding problematic characters into macros.
[21208] Utils.pm:144> WARN - The entry 'deMoelEtAl:2009' has characters which cannot be encoded in 'latin9'. Recoding problematic characters into macros.
[21212] Utils.pm:144> WARN - The entry 'MollerEtAl:2012' has characters which cannot be encoded in 'latin9'. Recoding problematic characters into macros.
[21213] Utils.pm:144> WARN - The entry 'MollerEtAl:2013' has characters which cannot be encoded in 'latin9'. Recoding problematic characters into macros.
[21216] Utils.pm:144> WARN - The entry 'MoritzAgudo:2013' has characters which cannot be encoded in 'latin9'. Recoding problematic characters into macros.
[21220] Utils.pm:144> WARN - The entry 'Murray:2000' has characters which cannot be encoded in 'latin9'. Recoding problematic characters into macros.
[21224] Utils.pm:144> WARN - The entry 'NaikEtAl:2011' has characters which cannot be encoded in 'latin9'. Recoding problematic characters into macros.
[21227] Utils.pm:144> WARN - The entry 'NegriEtAl:2003' has characters which cannot be encoded in 'latin9'. Recoding problematic characters into macros.
[21229] Utils.pm:144> WARN - The entry 'NelsonLadiges:2009' has characters which cannot be encoded in 'latin9'. Recoding problematic characters into macros.
[21237] Utils.pm:144> WARN - The entry 'Nowak:1992' has characters which cannot be encoded in 'latin9'. Recoding problematic characters into macros.
[21241] Utils.pm:144> WARN - The entry 'NumbergerEtAl:2009' has characters which cannot be encoded in 'latin9'. Recoding problematic characters into macros.
[21253] Utils.pm:144> WARN - The entry 'PawlowskiEtAl:2013' has characters which cannot be encoded in 'latin9'. Recoding problematic characters into macros.
[21258] Utils.pm:144> WARN - The entry 'Pigliucci:2005' has characters which cannot be encoded in 'latin9'. Recoding problematic characters into macros.
[21268] Utils.pm:144> WARN - The entry 'vanRadenEtAl:2011' has characters which cannot be encoded in 'latin9'. Recoding problematic characters into macros.
[21271] Utils.pm:144> WARN - The entry 'Rasmuson:2002' has characters which cannot be encoded in 'latin9'. Recoding problematic characters into macros.
[21282] Utils.pm:144> WARN - The entry 'RohlingEtAl:2010' has characters which cannot be encoded in 'latin9'. Recoding problematic characters into macros.
[21285] Utils.pm:144> WARN - The entry 'RohlingEtAl:2009a' has characters which cannot be encoded in 'latin9'. Recoding problematic characters into macros.
[21288] Utils.pm:144> WARN - The entry 'RohlingEtAl:2008' has characters which cannot be encoded in 'latin9'. Recoding problematic characters into macros.
[21292] Utils.pm:144> WARN - The entry 'RohlingEtAl:2008a' has characters which cannot be encoded in 'latin9'. Recoding problematic characters into macros.
[21302] Utils.pm:144> WARN - The entry 'RuefflerEtAl:2006' has characters which cannot be encoded in 'latin9'. Recoding problematic characters into macros.
[21309] Utils.pm:144> WARN - The entry 'SarntheimEtAl:2004' has characters which cannot be encoded in 'latin9'. Recoding problematic characters into macros.
[21315] Utils.pm:144> WARN - The entry 'Schmalhauzen:1949' has characters which cannot be encoded in 'latin9'. Recoding problematic characters into macros.
[21316] Utils.pm:144> WARN - The entry 'SchmidtEtAl:2006' has characters which cannot be encoded in 'latin9'. Recoding problematic characters into macros.
[21319] Utils.pm:144> WARN - The entry 'Schmuker:2000' has characters which cannot be encoded in 'latin9'. Recoding problematic characters into macros.
[21322] Utils.pm:144> WARN - The entry 'SchneiderGrunert:2007' has characters which cannot be encoded in 'latin9'. Recoding problematic characters into macros.
[21337] Utils.pm:144> WARN - The entry 'SicchaEtAl:2009' has characters which cannot be encoded in 'latin9'. Recoding problematic characters into macros.
[21344] Utils.pm:144> WARN - The entry 'SilleEtAl:2004' has characters which cannot be encoded in 'latin9'. Recoding problematic characters into macros.
[21348] Utils.pm:144> WARN - The entry 'Smirnov:1948' has characters which cannot be encoded in 'latin9'. Recoding problematic characters into macros.
[21357] Utils.pm:144> WARN - The entry 'Stemmer:2013' has characters which cannot be encoded in 'latin9'. Recoding problematic characters into macros.
[21362] Utils.pm:144> WARN - The entry 'StorzEtAl:2009' has characters which cannot be encoded in 'latin9'. Recoding problematic characters into macros.
[21369] Utils.pm:144> WARN - The entry 'TaenzlerEtAl:2012' has characters which cannot be encoded in 'latin9'. Recoding problematic characters into macros.
[21370] Utils.pm:144> WARN - The entry 'TelfordKucera:2013' has characters which cannot be encoded in 'latin9'. Recoding problematic characters into macros.
[21375] Utils.pm:144> WARN - The entry 'Trask:1937' has characters which cannot be encoded in 'latin9'. Recoding problematic characters into macros.
[21378] Utils.pm:144> WARN - The entry 'TrommerEtAl:2011' has characters which cannot be encoded in 'latin9'. Recoding problematic characters into macros.
[21380] Utils.pm:144> WARN - The entry 'TrommerEtAl:2010' has characters which cannot be encoded in 'latin9'. Recoding problematic characters into macros.
[21382] Utils.pm:144> WARN - The entry 'Tyszka:2006' has characters which cannot be encoded in 'latin9'. Recoding problematic characters into macros.
[21384] Utils.pm:144> WARN - The entry 'TyszkaEtAl:2005' has characters which cannot be encoded in 'latin9'. Recoding problematic characters into macros.
[21391] Utils.pm:144> WARN - The entry 'Via:1993' has characters which cannot be encoded in 'latin9'. Recoding problematic characters into macros.
[21399] Utils.pm:144> WARN - The entry 'WeinerEtAl:2012' has characters which cannot be encoded in 'latin9'. Recoding problematic characters into macros.
[21411] Utils.pm:144> WARN - The entry 'YoderKennelly:2005' has characters which cannot be encoded in 'latin9'. Recoding problematic characters into macros.
[21414] Utils.pm:144> WARN - The entry 'ZeebeSanyal:2002' has characters which cannot be encoded in 'latin9'. Recoding problematic characters into macros.
[21420] bbl.pm:606> INFO - Output to Literaturliste.bbl
[21420] Biber.pm:106> INFO - WARNINGS: 85
答案1
在大多数情况下，这些错误是由于下划线造成的（例如，因为您在注释或 howpublished 字段中添加了 url）。您可以添加\errorcontextlines=200。然后日志文件应该会向您显示有问题的 url。您也可以在序言中临时添加
\catcode`\_=13 \def_{XXXXXXXXXXXX}
这将向您显示下划线。