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尝试在图片上书写

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尝试在图片上书写

来源我试图编辑一个图表并添加一条尺寸线，如您在附图中看到的那样，但我无法到达适当的箭头来绘制相同的箭头，如果可以在 Latex 中做到这一点，我不知道该怎么做，有人能帮我吗？我正在阅读这些链接：这里和这里但我仍然不明白如何画一条直线......图片

我已经尝试过代码，到目前为止，我无法画出有两个头的箭头，它只出现在中间一端的一个头，就像你在旁边看到的字母 f 一样，我仍然不知道如何在线旁边写字母：

\documentclass[11pt,a4paper,twoside,openright]{report}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{calc,intersections,through,backgrounds}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[--, thick]
\draw  (-10,0) -- (-9,1);
\draw  (-9,1) -- (-7.5,1);
\draw  (-7.5,1) -- (-6.5,0);
\draw  (-6.5,0) -- (-5.5,-1);
\draw  (-5.5,-1)-- (-4,-1);
\draw  (-4,-1)-- (-3,0);
%dimensions
\draw  [|<->|] (-8.25,0) -- (-8.25,1);
\draw  [|<->|] (-10,-0.5) -- (-6.5,-0.5);
\begin{scope}[dash pattern=on 2pt off 3pt on 4pt off 4pt];
\draw[dashed] (-6.5pt,0pt) -- (-6.5pt,-1pt);
\end{scope}
\begin{scope}[ultra thick]
\draw [->] (-10.5,0) -- (-1.5,0);
\draw [->] (-10,-1.5) -- (-10,1.5);
\end{scope}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

答案1

这演示了如何向线条添加标签以及如何将虚线放置在正确的位置。请注意，(6.5pt,0.5pt)通常与不同(6.5,0.5)！我还稍微简化了您的路径规范并删除了不起作用的选项tikzpicture。

  • midway将标签放在中间，这是 和 所需要f的c。
  • pos=.95将标签放置在距离终点 95％ 的位置，这是轴上标签所需要的。
  • left并below指定标签相对于线的相对位置。

代码

\documentclass[tikz,border=10pt]{standalone}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[thick]
    \draw  (-10,0) -- (-9,1)  -- (-7.5,1) -- (-6.5,0)  -- (-5.5,-1) -- (-4,-1) -- (-3,0);
    %dimensions
    \draw  [<->] (-8.25,0) -- (-8.25,1) node [midway, right] {$f$};
    \draw  [<->] (-10,-0.5) -- (-6.5,-0.5) node [midway, below] {$c$};
    \draw [dashed] (-6.5,0) -- (-6.5,-.75);
    \begin{scope}[ultra thick]
      \draw [->] (-10.5,0) -- (-1.5,0) node [pos=.95, below] {$x$};
      \draw [->] (-10,-1.5) -- (-10,1.5) node [pos=.95, left] {$y$};
    \end{scope}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

标记线

答案2

JPEG 是一种非常糟糕的绘图格式。因此，最好重新绘制图像。以下示例使用 TikZ。该函数严格使用参数进行绘制F，C，α（\fHeight，，\cWidth）\alphaAngle。

\documentclass{article}
%\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows.meta}
\usetikzlibrary{bending}
\pagestyle{empty}

\begin{document}
  \setlength{\unitlength}{.5mm}
  \begin{tikzpicture}[
    x=\unitlength,
    y=\unitlength,
    >=Triangle,
  ]
    \def\fHeight{17}
    \def\cWidth{50}
    \def\alphaAngle{45}
    \def\alphaRadius{14}
    % Image as background as help for redrawing
    % \node[
    %   inner sep=0pt,
    %   above right,
    % ] at (-16.25, -20.75)
    %   {\includegraphics[width=150\unitlength]{QpYZE.jpg}}
    % ;

    % Coordinate axes
    \begin{scope}[
      thick,
      ->,
    ]
      \draw (-9, 0) -- (125, 0) node[below left, xshift=-.5em] {$x$};
      \draw (0, -20) -- (0, 30) node[below left, yshift=-.25em] {$z$};
    \end{scope}

    % Function
    \pgfmathsetmacro{\xf}{\fHeight * cot(\alphaAngle)}
    \draw[
      semithick,
    ]
      (0, 0)
      -- (\xf, \fHeight) coordinate (A)
      -- (\cWidth - \xf, \fHeight) coordinate (B)
      -- (\cWidth + \xf, -\fHeight)
      -- (2*\cWidth - \xf, -\fHeight)
      -- (2*\cWidth, 0)
    ;

    % Annotations
    \begin{scope}[
      thin,
      <->,
      shorten <=.4pt,
    ]
      \draw[shorten >=.3pt]
        (\cWidth/2, 0) -- node[right] {$f$} ++(0, \fHeight)
      ;
      \draw[shorten >=.2pt]
        (0, -6) -- node[below] (c) {$c$} ++(\cWidth, 0)
      ;
      \draw[shorten <=.2pt, shorten >=.2pt]
        (\xf, \fHeight + 4) -- node[above] (cp) {$c_p$}
        (\cWidth - \xf, \fHeight + 4)
      ;
      \draw[shorten >=.3pt, radius=\alphaRadius]
        (\alphaRadius, 0) arc[start angle=0, end angle=\alphaAngle]
      ;
      \node at (\alphaAngle/2:.65*\alphaRadius) {$\alpha$};
    \end{scope}

    % Help lines
    \draw[thin, densely dashed]
      (\cWidth, 0) -- (\cWidth, 0 |- c.south)
      (A) -- (A |- cp.north)
      (B) -- (B |- cp.north)
    ;
  \end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

结果

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