Tikz Edge：与其他节点的距离？

Question

我有以下 Tikz 代码：

\usetikzlibrary{positioning}
\begin{tikzpicture}
    \tikzstyle{bordered} = [draw,thick,inner sep=5,minimum size=10,minimum width=100,font=\sffamily]
    \tikzstyle{arrow} = [thick,-latex,font=\sffamily]

    \node [] (init) {};
    \node [bordered,below=of init] (image) {App Image};
    \node [bordered,below=of image] (running) {Running Container};
    \node [bordered,below=of running] (stopped) {Persisted Container};

    \draw [arrow] (init) -- (image) node [midway,right] {Install};
    \draw [arrow] (image) -- (running) node [midway,right] {Start};
    \draw [arrow] (running) -- (stopped) node [midway,right] {Terminate or Kill};
    \draw [arrow] (stopped.west) -- (running.west) node [midway,left] {Start};
    \draw [arrow] (stopped.west) -- (image.west) node [midway,left] {Reset};
\end{tikzpicture}

其结果是：

我希望最后两条边与它们的节点保持一定距离，并且成直角。以下是我想要的效果：

我可以通过在每个“真实”节点旁边添加不可见节点来实现这一点，但我认为一定有更好、更舒适的解决方案？

Answer 1

可能有多种方法可以解决此问题。此示例显示了我经常使用的方法。

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{positioning}
\usetikzlibrary{calc}
\begin{document}

\begin{tikzpicture}
    \tikzstyle{bordered} = [draw,thick,inner sep=5,minimum size=10,minimum width=100,font=\sffamily]
    \tikzstyle{arrow} = [thick,-latex,font=\sffamily]

    \node [] (init) {};
    \node [bordered,below=of init] (image) {App Image};
    \node [bordered,below=of image] (running) {Running Container};
    \node [bordered,below=of running] (stopped) {Persisted Container};

    \draw [arrow] (init) -- (image) node [midway,right] {Install};
    \draw [arrow] (image) -- (running) node [midway,right] {Start};
    \draw [arrow] (running) -- (stopped) node [midway,right] {Terminate or Kill};


    \draw [arrow] ($(stopped.west)+(0,2pt)$)  -- 
                  ++(-1em,0)                  -- 
                  ($(running.west)+(-1em,0)$) 
                  node [midway,right] {Start} -- 
                  (running.west);

    \draw [arrow] ($(stopped.west)+(0,-2pt)$) -- 
                  ++(-2em,0)                  -- 
                  ($(image.west)+(-2em,0)$) 
                  node [midway,left] {Reset}  -- 
                  (image.west) ;
\end{tikzpicture}

\end{document}

Answer 2

使用垂直语法（|-或-|）的更简单的变体：

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{positioning}
\usetikzlibrary{calc}
\begin{document}

\begin{tikzpicture}
    \tikzstyle{bordered} = [draw,thick,inner sep=5,minimum size=10,minimum width=100,font=\sffamily]
    \tikzstyle{arrow} = [thick,-latex,font=\sffamily]

    \node [] (init) {};
    \node [bordered,below=of init] (image) {App Image};
    \node [bordered,below=of image] (running) {Running Container};
    \node [bordered,below=of running] (stopped) {Persisted Container};

    \draw [arrow] (init) -- (image) node [midway,right] {Install};
    \draw [arrow] (image) -- (running) node [midway,right] {Start};
    \draw [arrow] (running) -- (stopped) node [midway,right] {Terminate or Kill};


    \draw [arrow] 
          (stopped.west) ++ (up:2pt) 
          -- ++(left:1em) 
          |- (running.west)
          node[pos=0.25,right]{Start} ;

    \draw [arrow] 
    (stopped.west) ++ (down:2pt)
          -- ++(left:2em) 
          |- (image.west)
          node[pos=0.25,left]{Reset};
\end{tikzpicture}

\end{document}

Answer 3

PSTricks 解决方案：

\documentclass{article}

\usepackage{pstricks}
\usepackage{xfp}

% parameters
\def\boxWidth{3.4}
\def\boxHeight{0.7}
\def\separation{1}
\def\arrow{0.4}

% simplifies notation
\def\constA#1#2{\fpeval{#1*\boxHeight+#2*\separation}}
\def\constB#1{\fpeval{1+#1*\arrow}}
\def\constC#1{\fpeval{\constB{2}+#1*\boxWidth}}


\begin{document}

\psset{arrows = ->}
\begin{pspicture}(\fpeval{1+2*\arrow+max(\boxWidth,\boxWidth/2+2.85)},
                  \fpeval{3*(\boxHeight+\separation)})
  \psline(\constC{0.5},\constA{3}{3})(\constC{0.5},\constA{3}{2})
  \uput[r](\constC{0.5},\constA{2.5}{3}){Install}
  \psframe(\constB{2},\constA{2}{2})(\constC{1},\constA{3}{2})
  \rput(\constC{0.5},\constA{2.5}{2}){App Image}
  \psline(\constC{0.5},\constA{2}{2})(\constC{0.5},\constA{2}{1})
  \uput[r](\constC{0.5},\constA{2}{1.5}){Start}
  \psframe(\constB{2},\constA{1}{1})(\constC{1},\constA{2}{1})
  \rput(\constC{0.5},\constA{1.5}{1}){Running Container}
  \uput[r](\constC{0.5},\constA{1}{0.5}){Terminate or Kill}
  \psline(\constC{0.5},\constA{1}{1})(\constC{0.5},\constA{1}{0})
  \psframe(\constB{2},0)(\constC{1},\constA{1}{0})
  \rput(\constC{0.5},\constA{0.5}{0}){Persisted Container}
  \psline(\constB{2},\fpeval{1/3*\boxHeight})%
         (1,\fpeval{1/3*\boxHeight})%
         (1,\constA{2.5}{2})%
         (\constB{2},\constA{2.5}{2})
  \uput[l](1,\constA{1.5}{1}){Reset}
  \psline(\constB{2},\fpeval{2/3*\boxHeight})%
         (\constB{1},\fpeval{2/3*\boxHeight})%
         (\constB{1},\constA{1.5}{1})%
         (\constB{2},\constA{1.5}{1})
  \uput[r](\constB{1},\constA{1}{0.5}){Start}
\end{pspicture}

\end{document}

您所要做的就是改变参数的值，绘图就会相应地调整。

Answer 4

很晚了...所以或多或少是为了锻炼；另一种紧凑的代码：

\documentclass[border=3mm,tikz]{standalone}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows.meta,chains,quotes}

    \begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[
           auto, 
           font = \sffamily,
  node distance = 12mm,
    start chain = going below,
bordered/.style = {draw, thick, 
                   minimum height=6mm, minimum width=33mm, text depth=0.25ex,
                   on chain},
   arrow/.style = {thick,-{Latex[]}},
      sy/.style = {yshift=#1 mm}
                    ]
\coordinate[on chain] (init);
    \node (image)   [bordered] {App Image};
    \node (running) [bordered] {Running Container};
    \node (stopped) [bordered] {Persisted Container};
\path[arrow]
    (init)      edge["Install"]             (image)
    (image)     edge["Start"]               (running)
    (running)   edge["Terminate or Kill"]   (stopped);
\draw[arrow]    ([sy=+1] stopped.west) -- + (-0.5,0) 
                |- node[pos=0.25,swap] {Start}  (running);
\draw[arrow]    ([sy=-1] stopped.west) -- + (-0.7,0) 
                |- node[pos=0.25] {Reset}  (image);
\end{tikzpicture}
    \end{document}