如何排版语言 AVS

Question

我如何排版类似于此处的属性值结构（AVS）和规则？

Answer 1

使用可能方便的语法：avs环境将第二列的列说明符（默认l）作为可选参数；它应该包含一个或多个\avsline命令；可选参数用于指定颜色。

定义了一些辅助宏，以简化符号的指定。

\documentclass{article}

\usepackage{xparse,array,xcolor}

\NewDocumentCommand{\avsplus}{}{$+$}
\NewDocumentCommand{\avsminus}{}{$-$}
\NewDocumentCommand{\avsto}{}{\unskip${}\to{}$\ignorespaces}

\newenvironment{avs}[1][l]
 {$\left\lbrack\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.2}%
  \begin{tabular}{@{}>{\scshape}l@{${}:{}$}#1@{}}}
 {\end{tabular}\right\rbrack$}

\ExplSyntaxOn
\NewDocumentCommand{\avsline}{O{}mm}
 {
  \keys_set:nn { rafael/avs } { color=black,#1 }
  \color{\g_rafael_avs_linecolor_tl} #2 &
  \color{\g_rafael_avs_linecolor_tl} #3 \\
 }

\keys_define:nn { rafael/avs }
 {
  color .tl_gset:N = \g_rafael_avs_linecolor_tl,
 }
\ExplSyntaxOff

\begin{document}

\begin{center}
\begin{avs}
\avsline{place}{dental}
\avsline{manner}{fricative}
\avsline{voice}{\avsplus}
\end{avs}
\end{center}

\begin{center}
\begin{avs}[r]
\avsline[color=red]{consonantal}{\avsplus}
\avsline[color=red]{voice}{\avsplus}
\avsline{place}{\textit{bilabial}}
\avsline{manner}{\textit{stop}}
\end{avs}
\avsto
\begin{avs}[r]
\avsline[color=blue]{consonantal}{\avsplus}
\avsline[color=blue]{voice}{\avsminus}
\avsline{place}{\textit{bilabial}}
\avsline{manner}{\textit{stop}}
\end{avs}
\end{center}

\end{document}

Answer 2

使用 amsmath 包并尝试以下操作：

\begin{equation}
\left[ \begin{array}{lcl}
\mathrm{PLACE} &:& \mathrm{dental}\\
\mathrm{PLACE} &:& \mathrm{dental}\\
\mathrm{MANNER} &:& \mathrm{fricative}\\
\mathrm{VOICE} &:& +
\end{array}\right]
\qquad


\left[\begin{array}{lcl}
\mathrm{PLACE} &:&\mathrm{dental}\\
\mathrm{PLACE} &:&\mathrm{uvular}\\
\mathrm{VOICE} &: &+\end{array}\right]
\end{equation}

如果需要粗体，请将 mathrm 替换为 mathbf！

Answer 3

\documentclass{article}

\usepackage{array}
\newcolumntype{I}{!{:}}
\begin{document}
\begin{equation}
\left[\begin{tabular}{lIl}
PLACE & dental \\
PLACE & dental \\
MANNER & fricative \\
VOICE & + \\
\end{tabular}\right]
\quad
\left[\begin{tabular}{lIl}
PLACE & dental \\
PLACE & uvular \\
VOICE & + \\
\end{tabular}\right]
\end{equation}

\begin{equation}
\left[\begin{tabular}{lIl}
CONSONANTAL & + \\
VOICE & + \\
\end{tabular}\right]
\rightarrow
\left[\begin{tabular}{lIl}
CONSONANTAL & dental \\
VOICE & - \\
\end{tabular}\right] / \_ \#
\end{equation}
\end{document}