编辑

Question

我如何创建以下绘图？

我想在我的报告中添加下图：

我听说可以用 LaTeX 完成，所以我读了一些https://es.sharelatex.com/blog/2013/09/02/tikz-series-pt4.html尝试一下：

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{circuitikz}
\usepackage{siunitx} 
\begin{document}
    \begin{center}
\begin{circuitikz}\draw
    (0,0) to[battery] (0,6.5)
    to[ammeter] (5.5,6.5) to[resistor] (5.5,0) 

  (2.5,0) to[voltmeter] (2.5,6.5)
;
\end{circuittikz}\end{center}
\end{document}

正如你所看到的，我太糟糕了，我在角落里推销坐标。

Answer 1

PSTricks 解决方案使用pst-circ包裹：

\documentclass{article}

\usepackage{amsmath}  % used for the \overset macro
\usepackage{pst-circ} % used for the electrical components

\begin{document}

\begin{pspicture}(-1.25,0)(6.33,7) % boundry found manually
  \psline[arrowscale = 1.5, arrowinset = 0]{->}(0,0)(3.5,0)(3.5,3.25)(5,3.25)
  \psline(0,5)(0,6.5)(2.5,6.5)
  \circledipole[labeloffset = 0](2.5,6.5)(5.5,6.5){A}
  \psline(0,0)(0,1)
  \vdc(0,3)(0,1){$\overset{+}{-}$}
  \rput(-1,2){$\mathcal{E}$}
  \resistor[dipolestyle = zigzag](0,3)(0,5){$r$}
  \psframe[linestyle = dashed](-1.25,1.5)(1.0,4.9)
  \circledipole[labeloffset = 0](2.5,0)(2.5,6.5){V}
  \resistor[dipolestyle = zigzag](5.5,6.5)(5.5,0){$R$}
  \psline(5.3,0)(5.7,0)
\end{pspicture}

\end{document}

Answer 2

像这样（纠正评论中提到的错别字）？

\documentclass[tikz, border=5pt, multi]{standalone}
\usepackage{circuitikz}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows.meta}
\usepackage{siunitx}
\begin{document}    
\begin{circuitikz}
  \draw (0,0)
    to[battery] (0,6.5)
    to[ammeter] (5.5,6.5) to[resistor] (5.5,0) (2.5,0) to[voltmeter] (2.5,6.5)
  ;
\end{circuitikz}
\end{document}

稍微扩展一下并添加一些标签：

\begin{circuitikz}[font=\sffamily]
  \draw
  (0,0) to [battery, l=$\varepsilon$, n=batt] (0,3.25) to [R=r] (0,6.5) -- (2.5,6.5) to [ammeter] (5.5,6.5) to [R=R] (5.5,0) node [rground] {}
    (0,0) -- (2.5,0) to [voltmeter] (2.5,6.5)
    [-{Triangle[]}] (2.5,0) -- (3.5,0) |- (5,3.25)
    ;
  \node [label=0:$+$] at ([xshift=12.5pt]batt.east) {};
  \node [label=0:$-$] at ([xshift=12.5pt]batt.west) {};
\end{circuitikz}

编辑

我忘了添加最终版本。您可以使用fit库来创建电池和电阻周围的虚线容器（如果您为它们命名）。

\documentclass[tikz, border=5pt, multi]{standalone}
\usepackage{circuitikz}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows.meta,fit}
\usepackage{siunitx}
\begin{document}
\begin{circuitikz}[font=\sffamily]
  \draw
  (0,0) to [battery, l=$\varepsilon$, n=batt] (0,3.25) to [R=r,n=res] (0,6.5) -- (2.5,6.5) to [ammeter] (5.5,6.5) to [R=R] (5.5,0) node [rground] {}
    (0,0) -- (2.5,0) to [voltmeter] (2.5,6.5)
    [-{Triangle[]}] (2.5,0) -- (3.5,0) |- (5,3.25)
    ;
  \node [label=0:$+$] at ([xshift=10pt]batt.east) {};
  \node [label=0:$-$] at ([xshift=10pt]batt.west) {};
  \node [dashed, draw, inner xsep=15pt, fit=(batt) (res)] {};
\end{circuitikz}
\end{document}