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使用 tikz 进行相对定位

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使用 tikz 进行相对定位

我正在用 tikz 创建用户故事地图，但在定位方面遇到了问题。

和

\documentclass[tikz,border=5pt]{standalone}

\usetikzlibrary{positioning}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows}

\begin{document}

\tikzset{
    box/.style  = {draw, text width=4cm, font=\sffamily, rectangle, rounded corners=2pt, thin, align=center, fill=white, fill opacity=0.8, text opacity=1},
    double/.style = {text width=8cm},
    goal/.style = {box, fill=red!20},
    activity/.style = {box, fill=blue!20},
    task/.style = {box, fill=yellow},
}

\begin{tikzpicture}[node distance=0.25cm]

\draw [->] (-1.5,0.5) -- (15,0.5) node [midway, above] {time};

\node [goal, double] (A_G1) {Goal 1};

\node [activity, below left=of A_G1] (A_A1) {Activity 1};
\node [task, below=of A_A1] (A_T11) {Task 1};
\node [task, below=of A_T11] (A_T12) {Task 2};
\node [task, below=of A_T12] (A_T13) {Task 3};
\node [task, below=of A_T13] (A_T14) {Task 4};

\node [activity, right=of A_A1] (A_A2) {Activity 2};
\node [task, below=of A_A2] (A_T21) {Task 1};
\node [task, below=of A_T21] (A_T22) {Task 2};
\node [task, below=of A_T22] (A_T23) {Task 3};
\node [task, below=of A_T23] (A_T24) {Task 4};

\node [goal, double, right=of A_G1] (B_G2) {Goal 2};

\node [activity, below=of B_G2] (A_A1) {Activity 1};
\node [task, below=of A_A1] (A_T11) {Task 1};
\node [task, below=of A_T11] (A_T12) {Task 2};
\node [task, below=of A_T12] (A_T13) {Task 3};
\node [task, below=of A_T13] (A_T14) {Task 4};

\node [activity, right=of A_A1] (A_A2) {Activity 2};
\node [task, below=of A_A2] (A_T21) {Task 1};
\node [task, below=of A_T21] (A_T22) {Task 2};
\node [task, below=of A_T22] (A_T23) {Task 3};
\node [task, below=of A_T23] (A_T24) {Task 4};
\end{tikzpicture}

\end{document}

我生产

在此处输入图片描述

在第一个目标列中我尝试使用below left=，在第二个目标列中我尝试使用below=。使用below_left=它将元素放置在另一个元素的左下方，使用below=它将元素中心放置在另一个元素的下方。

我希望左边框彼此对齐，就像

在此处输入图片描述

答案1

这是另一种解决方案forest。 少即是多！

输出

图1

代码

\documentclass[tikz,border=10pt]{standalone}
\usepackage{forest}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows.meta,shapes,positioning,trees}

\newcommand{\innerxsep}{2mm}

\tikzset{
    box/.style  = {draw, text width=4cm, inner xsep=\innerxsep, font=\sffamily, rectangle, rounded corners=2pt, thin, align=center, fill=white, fill opacity=0.8, text opacity=1},
    double/.style = {text width=8cm+\innerxsep*2+.25cm},
    goal/.style = {box, fill=red!20, double},
    activity/.style = {box, fill=blue!20},
    task/.style = {box, fill=yellow},
}

\begin{document}
\begin{forest} for tree={
    growth parent anchor=south,
    parent anchor=south,
    child anchor=north,
    edge path={none}, 
    l sep=.25cm,
}   
%
[Time, name=time
    [Goal 1, goal, name=agoal
        [Activity 1, activity
            [Task 1, task
            [Task 2, task
            [Task 2, task
            [Task 4, task] ] ] ] ]
        [Activity 1, activity
            [Task 1, task
            [Task 2, task
            [Task 2, task
            [Task 4, task] ] ] ] ] ]
    [Goal 2, goal, name=bgoal
        [Activity 1, activity
            [Task 1, task
            [Task 2, task
            [Task 2, task
            [Task 4, task] ] ] ] ]
        [Activity 1, activity
            [Task 1, task
            [Task 2, task
            [Task 2, task
            [Task 4, task] ] ] ] ] ] ]
%           
\draw [->] (agoal.north west|-time.south) -- (bgoal.north east|-time.south);
\end{forest}
\end{document}

答案2

这样可以吗？（我有点把事情集中起来了。）

通常情况下，当您离开锚点时，它会默认为，.center但在这种情况下，它似乎会抓住同一方向的最近锚点。请注意，我还增加了目标 1 和目标 2 之间的空间，以防止节点重叠。最后，我使用目标 1 和目标 2 的锚点来定义上面的时间线。

tikz 表

\documentclass[tikz,border=5pt]{standalone}

\usetikzlibrary{positioning,arrows,calc}


\begin{document}

\tikzset{
    box/.style  = {draw, text width=4cm, font=\sffamily, rectangle, rounded corners=2pt, thin, align=center, fill=white, fill opacity=0.8, text opacity=1},
    double/.style = {text width=8cm},
    goal/.style = {box, fill=red!20},
    activity/.style = {box, fill=blue!20},
    task/.style = {box, fill=yellow},
}

\begin{tikzpicture}[node distance=0.25cm]

\node [goal, double] (A_G1) {Goal 1};

\node [activity, below left=of A_G1.south] (A_A1) {Activity 1};
\node [task, below=of A_A1] (A_T11) {Task 1};
\node [task, below=of A_T11] (A_T12) {Task 2};
\node [task, below=of A_T12] (A_T13) {Task 3};
\node [task, below=of A_T13] (A_T14) {Task 4};

\node [activity, right=of A_A1] (A_A2) {Activity 2};
\node [task, below=of A_A2] (A_T21) {Task 1};
\node [task, below=of A_T21] (A_T22) {Task 2};
\node [task, below=of A_T22] (A_T23) {Task 3};
\node [task, below=of A_T23] (A_T24) {Task 4};

\node [goal, double, right=3em of A_G1] (B_G2) {Goal 2};

\node [activity, below left=of B_G2.south] (A_A1) {Activity 1};
\node [task, below=of A_A1] (A_T11) {Task 1};
\node [task, below=of A_T11] (A_T12) {Task 2};
\node [task, below=of A_T12] (A_T13) {Task 3};
\node [task, below=of A_T13] (A_T14) {Task 4};

\node [activity, right=of A_A1] (A_A2) {Activity 2};
\node [task, below=of A_A2] (A_T21) {Task 1};
\node [task, below=of A_T21] (A_T22) {Task 2};
\node [task, below=of A_T22] (A_T23) {Task 3};
\node [task, below=of A_T23] (A_T24) {Task 4};

\draw [->] ($(A_G1.north west) + (0,0.5)$) -- ($(B_G2.north east) + (0,0.5)$) node [midway, above] {time};
\end{tikzpicture}

\end{document}

答案3

我不会提出新的解决方案，而是尝试解释错误的和你的。

使用positioning库时，任何定位选项都意味着固定两个锚点，一个在参考节点，另一个在新节点。

\node [activity, below left=of A_G1] (A_A1) {Activity 1};

方法：

  1. A_G1选择( A_G1.south west)的左下角
  2. A_A1选择( A_A1.north east)的右上角
  3. 将选定的锚点放置A_A1在距离A_G1选定锚点 0.25 厘米的位置。此距离将从选定锚点向左下方测量A_G1。

对于任何其他选项，都将执行类似的程序。在下图中，各个锚点（南 - 北、东西、东南 - 西北）之间的距离始终为 0.25 厘米。

在此处输入图片描述

\documentclass[tikz,border=2mm]{standalone}
\usetikzlibrary{positioning}
\tikzset{
    box/.style  = {draw, text width=4cm, font=\sffamily, rectangle, 
                   rounded corners=2pt, thin, align=center, fill=white, 
                   fill opacity=0.8, text opacity=1},
    double/.style = {text width=8cm},
    goal/.style = {box, fill=red!20},
    activity/.style = {box, fill=blue!20},
    task/.style = {box, fill=yellow},
}
\begin{tikzpicture}[node distance=0.25cm]
\node [goal, double] (A_G1) {Goal 1};

\foreach \i in {left, below left, below, below right, right, above right, above, above left}
\node [activity, \i=of A_G1] (A_A1) {\i};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

通过这个例子我希望你能理解为什么below left移动Activity 1到了 的左边Goal 1，而 却在下方below居中。以及为什么下方没有与下方水平对齐。Activity 1Goal 2Activity 1Goal 2Activity 1Goal 1

但是，尽管定位选项选择了默认锚点，您可以为新节点强制进行另一个选择：

\node [activity, below left=of A_G1, anchor=north west] (A_A1) {Activity 11};

将A_A1.north west锚点放置在A_A1.south west

在此处输入图片描述

一秒错误在您的代码中，使用 修复了节点度量text width。尽管double节点有text width=8cm，但它们的长度不足以覆盖两个活动列，因为您没有考虑node distance列之间以及inner xsep节点内容和节点边界之间的长度。Alenanno 的解决方案已经向您展示了如何使用 解决这个问题

double/.style = {text width=8cm+\innerxsep*2+.25cm},

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