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固定表格列宽

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固定表格列宽

此代码中有两个表：

\documentclass[a4paper,11pt]{article}

\begin{document}
\title{}
\author{}
\date{\today}
\maketitle

\section{Header}

\begin{table}[!htbp] \centering 
\footnotesize 
\begin{tabular}{@{\extracolsep{5pt}} lll} 
\\[-1.8ex]\hline 
\hline \\[-1.8ex]
Example & Reference \\\\[-1.8ex]
\cline{1-2}
\\[-1.8ex]
Northern Wheatears had higher reproductive success in higher vegetation height & ArltPart2007 \\ 
Mallards that avoided wetlands with large expanses of open water had higher reproductive success & BloomEtAl2013 \\ 
American Redstarts that occupied wet forest habitat in the winter raised more offspring than conspecifics occupying other habitats in the winter & NorrisEtAl2003 \\ 
Great Tits nesting in mature woodland produced larger broods than conspecifics nesting in gardens and hedgerows & RiddingtonGosler1995 \\ 
Reduction in winter stubble has led to a reduction in Reed Bunting survival rate & PeachEtAl1999 \\ 
Fledgling Ovenbird survival increased with vegetation structure & KingEtAl2006 \\ 
Daily nest survival of eight forest species was positively related to nest distance from the forest edge and nest height & NewmarkEtAl2011 \\ 
\hline \\[-1.8ex] 
\end{tabular}
  \caption{Examples of the effects on habitat on individual fitness.} 
  \label{table_fitness} 
\end{table} 

\begin{table}[!htbp] \centering 
\footnotesize 
\begin{tabular}{@{\extracolsep{5pt}} lll} 
\\[-1.8ex]\hline 
\hline \\[-1.8ex] 
Example & Reference \\\\[-1.8ex]
\cline{1-2}
\\[-1.8ex]
Northern Wheatears had higher reproductive success in higher\\ vegetation height & ArltPart2007 \\ 
Mallards that avoided wetlands with large expanses of open\\ water had higher reproductive success & BloomEtAl2013 \\ 
American Redstarts that occupied wet forest habitat in the\\ winter raised more offspring than conspecifics\\ occupying other habitats in the winter & NorrisEtAl2003 \\ 
Great Tits nesting in mature woodland produced larger\\ broods than conspecifics nesting in gardens and hedgerows & RiddingtonGosler1995 \\ 
Reduction in winter stubble has led to a reduction in Reed Bunting survival rate & PeachEtAl1999 \\ 
Fledgling Ovenbird survival increased with vegetation\\ structure & KingEtAl2006 \\ 
Daily nest survival of eight forest species was positively\\ related to nest distance from the forest edge and nest height & NewmarkEtAl2011 \\ 
\hline \\[-1.8ex] 
\end{tabular}
  \caption{Examples of the effects on habitat on individual fitness.} 
  \label{table_fitness} 
\end{table}

\end{document}

产生如下结果：

在此处输入图片描述

在表 1 中，线条从 PDF 的边缘消失。因此，我添加了\\将文本放在新行上。但是有没有办法自动创建列宽，以便将比列宽更宽的文本放在新行上？此外，我需要将参考资料向上移动一行 - 参见红色注释。

答案1

最初的问题：第一列的长条目被分成两行，放在两个表格行中。然后，将第二列的条目放在第二行。相反，您希望它在第一行：

Start of long text ... & Reference \\
long text continued    & \\

但是，可以通过更优雅的方式解决这个问题，使用一X列包tabularx，然后第一列获取所有可用空间，并且条目会自动跨行拆分，请参阅回答Zarko 的。以下示例未使用\raggedright，因为看起来列宽很大，对齐文本应该不会有太大问题。此外，我还缩进了以下几行，以便读者更容易找到下一个表格行。或者，可以添加一些垂直空间来分隔多行条目。

下一个问题是线条，看起来不太好；因此booktabs使用了更好的包装线条。

\documentclass[a4paper,11pt]{article}

\usepackage{array}
\usepackage{booktabs}
\usepackage{tabularx}

\begin{document}
\begin{table}
  \centering
  \footnotesize
  \begin{tabularx}{\linewidth}{>{\hangindent=1em\hangafter=1 }Xl}
    \toprule
    Example & Reference \\
    \midrule
    Northern Wheatears had higher reproductive success in higher vegetation
    height & ArltPart2007 \\
    Mallards that avoided wetlands with large expanses of open water had
    higher reproductive success & BloomEtAl2013 \\
    American Redstarts that occupied wet forest habitat in the winter raised
    more offspring than conspecifics occupying other habitats in the winter &
    NorrisEtAl2003 \\
    Great Tits nesting in mature woodland produced larger broods than
    conspecifics nesting in gardens and hedgerows & RiddingtonGosler1995 \\
    Reduction in winter stubble has led to a reduction in Reed Bunting
    survival rate & PeachEtAl1999 \\
    Fledgling Ovenbird survival increased with vegetation structure &
    KingEtAl2006 \\
    Daily nest survival of eight forest species was positively related to
    nest distance from the forest edge and nest height & NewmarkEtAl2011 \\
    \bottomrule
  \end{tabularx}
  \caption{Examples of the effects on habitat on individual fitness.}
  \label{table_fitness}
\end{table}
\begin{table}
  \centering
  \footnotesize
  \begin{tabularx}{\linewidth}{Xl}
    \toprule
    Example & Reference \\
    \midrule
    Northern Wheatears had higher reproductive success in higher vegetation
    height & ArltPart2007 \\
    \addlinespace
    Mallards that avoided wetlands with large expanses of open water had
    higher reproductive success & BloomEtAl2013 \\
    \addlinespace
    American Redstarts that occupied wet forest habitat in the winter raised
    more offspring than conspecifics occupying other habitats in the winter &
    NorrisEtAl2003 \\
    \addlinespace
    Great Tits nesting in mature woodland produced larger broods than
    conspecifics nesting in gardens and hedgerows & RiddingtonGosler1995 \\
    \addlinespace
    Reduction in winter stubble has led to a reduction in Reed Bunting
    survival rate & PeachEtAl1999 \\
    \addlinespace
    Fledgling Ovenbird survival increased with vegetation structure &
    KingEtAl2006 \\
    \addlinespace
    Daily nest survival of eight forest species was positively related to
    nest distance from the forest edge and nest height & NewmarkEtAl2011 \\
    \bottomrule
  \end{tabularx}
  \caption{Examples of the effects on habitat on individual fitness.}
  \label{table_fitness_addlinespace}
\end{table}
\end{document}

结果

答案2

尝试：

\documentclass[a4paper,11pt]{article}
    \usepackage{tabularx}
    \newcolumntype{L}{>{\raggedright\arraybackslash}X}


\begin{document}
\title{}
\author{}
\date{\today}
\maketitle

\section{Header}

\begin{table}[!htbp] \centering
    \footnotesize
\begin{tabularx}{\hsize}{@{}Ll@{}}
    \hline\hline
Example & Reference \\
    \hline
Northern Wheatears had higher reproductive success in higher vegetation height 
    & ArltPart2007 \\
Mallards that avoided wetlands with large expanses of open water had higher reproductive success 
    & BloomEtAl2013 \\
American Redstarts that occupied wet forest habitat in the winter raised more offspring than conspecifics occupying other habitats in the winter 
    & NorrisEtAl2003 \\
Great Tits nesting in mature woodland produced larger broods than conspecifics nesting in gardens and hedgerows 
    & RiddingtonGosler1995 \\
Reduction in winter stubble has led to a reduction in Reed Bunting survival rate
    & PeachEtAl1999 \\
Fledgling Ovenbird survival increased with vegetation structure 
    & KingEtAl2006 \\
Daily nest survival of eight forest species was positively related to nest distance from the forest edge and nest height 
    & NewmarkEtAl2011 \\
    \hline 
    \end{tabularx}
\caption{Examples of the effects on habitat on individual fitness.}
\label{table_fitness}
    \end{table}

\end{document}

\begin{table}[!htbp] \centering
\footnotesize
\begin{tabular}{@{\extracolsep{5pt}} lll}
\\[-1.8ex]\hline
\hline \\[-1.8ex]
Example & Reference \\\\[-1.8ex]
\cline{1-2}
\\[-1.8ex]
Northern Wheatears had higher reproductive success in higher vegetation height & ArltPart2007 \\
Mallards that avoided wetlands with large expanses of open water had higher reproductive success & BloomEtAl2013 \\
American Redstarts that occupied wet forest habitat in the winter raised more offspring than conspecifics occupying other habitats in the winter & NorrisEtAl2003 \\
Great Tits nesting in mature woodland produced larger broods than conspecifics nesting in gardens and hedgerows & RiddingtonGosler1995 \\
Reduction in winter stubble has led to a reduction in Reed Bunting survival rate & PeachEtAl1999 \\
Fledgling Ovenbird survival increased with vegetation structure & KingEtAl2006 \\
Daily nest survival of eight forest species was positively related to nest distance from the forest edge and nest height & NewmarkEtAl2011 \\
\hline \\[-1.8ex]
\end{tabular}
  \caption{Examples of the effects on habitat on individual fitness.}
  \label{table_fitness}
\end{table}

在此处输入图片描述

我添加了tabularx包并定义了新的列类型L，允许在第一个表列中显示多行文本。您可以对第一个表执行类似操作。

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