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如何从块内开始用箭头连接流程图？

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如何从块内开始用箭头连接流程图？

我想在流程图中连接“框”，箭头从框内开始。经过反复试验后，使用“硬编码”坐标这样做似乎非常繁琐。有没有一种有效的方法来生成：

原始图像

目前我有：

当前的

由此产生：

%% PREAMBLE %%
\documentclass[11pt, twoside, openany]{memoir}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{shapes,arrows}
\begin{document}
\tikzstyle{block} = [rectangle, draw, fill=blue!0, text width=12em, text centered, rounded corners, minimum height=2em]
\tikzstyle{smallblock} = [rectangle, draw, fill=blue!0, text width=9em, text centered, rounded corners, minimum height=2em]
\begin{tikzpicture}[node distance = 2cm, auto]
    \node [block] at (0, 0) (init) {};
    \node [block] at (-2, -1.5) (identify) {};
    \node [smallblock] at (-1.5, -3.5) (excellence) {};
    \node [block] at (3, -1.5) (pass) {};
    \node [block] at (3, -3.5) (fail) {};
    \draw[->] (-0.2, -1.5) -- +(0, 1.1) [above];
    \draw[->] (-0.2, -1.5) -- +(1, 0) [above];
    \draw[||||||->] (-2.2, -3.2) -- +(0, 1.2) [above];
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

最后，我怎样才能将一个小的实心正方形作为箭尾？（也就是说，而不是\draw[||||||->]）。

答案1

您可以获得所需图形的宽度：

\documentclass[11pt,tikz,border=3mm]{standalone}
    \usetikzlibrary{arrows.meta}

    \begin{document}
\tikzstyle{smallblock} = [rectangle, draw, fill=blue!0, text width=9em, text centered, rounded corners, minimum height=2em]
    \begin{tikzpicture}[
    node distance = 2cm, auto,
     block/.style = {draw, fill=blue!0,%rounded corners, 
                     text width=12em, minimum height=2em, align=center},
smallblock/.style = {draw, fill=blue!0,%rounded corners,  
                     text width=9em, minimum height=2em, align=center},
      Line/.style = {{Square[length=4pt,width=4pt]}-%
                     {Straight Barb[length=4pt]},
                     shorten <=-2pt},
                        ]
\node[block] at (0,    0) (init)                {init};
\node[block] at (-2,-1.5) (identify)            {identify};
\node[smallblock] at (-1.5,-3.5) (excellence)   {excelence};
\node[block] at (3.5, -1.5) (pass)                {pass};
\node[block] at (3.5, -3.0) (fail)                {fail};
\draw[Line] (excellence.north -| identify) -- (identify);
\draw[Line] ([yshift=5pt] fail.west) -| (init);
\draw[Line] (init |- pass) -- (pass);
%
\draw[{Square[length=4pt,width=4pt]}-]%is square this necessary?
            ([xshift=-2pt,yshift=5pt] init |- fail) -- + (2pt,0);
    \end{tikzpicture}
    \end{document}

在此处输入图片描述 但如果您按照@Gonzalo Medina 在其回答中提出的建议放置块，效果会更好。在这种情况下，代码更简单、更合乎逻辑：

\documentclass[11pt,tikz,border=3mm]{standalone}
    \usetikzlibrary{arrows.meta,positioning}

    \begin{document}
\tikzstyle{smallblock} = [rectangle, draw, fill=blue!0, text width=9em, text centered, rounded corners, minimum height=2em]
    \begin{tikzpicture}[
     block/.style = {draw, fill=blue!0,%rounded corners, 
                     text width=12em, minimum height=2em, align=center},
smallblock/.style = {draw, fill=blue!0,%rounded corners,  
                     text width=9em, minimum height=2em, align=center},
      Line/.style = {{Square[length=4pt,width=4pt]}-%
                     {Straight Barb[length=4pt]},
                     shorten <=-2pt},
                        ]
\node[block] at (0,0) (init) {init};
\node[block,below left=1cm and 0.5cm of init.south] (iden) {identify};
\node[smallblock,
      below left=1cm and 0cm of iden.south east] (excel) {excelence};
\node[block,below right=1cm and 0.5cm of init.south] (pass) {pass};
\node[block,below=of pass] (fail) {fail};
\draw[Line] (excel.north -| iden) -- (iden);
\draw[Line] (fail.west) -| (init);
\draw[Line] (init |- pass) -- (pass);
    \end{tikzpicture}
    \end{document}

在此处输入图片描述

答案2

在此处输入图片描述

代码：

\documentclass[11pt, twoside, openany]{memoir}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{positioning,shapes,arrows,arrows.meta}
\begin{document}
\tikzset{
  block/.style={
    rectangle, 
    draw, 
    fill=blue!0, 
    text width=12em, 
    text centered, 
    rounded corners, 
    minimum height=2em
   },
  smallblock/.style={
    rectangle, 
    draw, 
    fill=blue!0, 
    text width=9em, 
    text centered, 
    rounded corners, 
    minimum height=2em
  },
  arro/.style={{Square[]->}}
}  
\begin{tikzpicture}[node distance = 1.2cm]
    \node [block] (init) {ini};
    \node [block,below=of init,anchor=east,xshift=-20pt] (identify) {iden};
    \node [smallblock,below=of identify.south east,anchor=east] (excellence) {exce};
    \node [block,below=of init,anchor=west,xshift=20pt] (pass) {pass};
    \node [block,below=of pass.south west,anchor=west] (fail) {fail};
    \draw[arro] (excellence.north) -- (excellence.north|-identify.south);
    \draw[arro] (fail.west) -| coordinate[near end] (aux) (init.south);
    \draw[arro] (aux|-pass.west) -- (pass.west);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

评论，

  • 要放置节点，请使用positioning库提供的功能。

  • 您可以访问节点的锚点来放置箭头。对于名为 A 的节点，您可以说A.north，或者A.south west或使用角度锚点：A.130，A.40。

  • 使用该arrows.meta库，您可以生成您正在查看的箭头Square[]。

  • 将旧\tikzset语法更改为更合适的\tikzset语法。

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