我需要在论文中添加一个摘要页。我正在使用这个模型。
我需要它是葡萄牙语的，所以不是“摘要”，而是“Resumo”。我已经尝试复制 Thesis.cls 文件中摘要的定义并进行更改，但它一直报错。
我该如何解决这个问题？我的想法是写一份英文摘要和一份葡萄牙语摘要。
答案1
中的相关命令\abstract是\textit{Abstract}，即它被硬编码到摘要中。
\textit{Abstract}可以通过修补来改变这一点，如果使用的\textit{\abstractname}话，它会被翻译成相关的语言表示。babel
我添加了以下几行
\usepackage[portuguese,english]{babel}
\usepackage{xpatch}
\xpatchcmd{\abstract}{\textit{Abstract}}{\textit{\abstractname}}{}{}
序言部分（作为示例文件main.tex一起发送）Thesis.cls
并且就在它切换回\selectlanguage{portuguese}之前和之后。\abstract\selectlanguage{english}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% Masters/Doctoral Thesis
% LaTeX Template
% Version 1.43 (17/5/14)
%
% This template has been downloaded from:
% http://www.LaTeXTemplates.com
%
% Original authors:
% Steven Gunn
% http://users.ecs.soton.ac.uk/srg/softwaretools/document/templates/
% and
% Sunil Patel
% http://www.sunilpatel.co.uk/thesis-template/
%
% License:
% CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/)
%
% Note:
% Make sure to edit document variables in the Thesis.cls file
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
% PACKAGES AND OTHER DOCUMENT CONFIGURATIONS
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\documentclass[11pt, oneside]{Thesis} % The default font size and one-sided printing (no margin offsets)
\graphicspath{{Pictures/}} % Specifies the directory where pictures are stored
\usepackage[square, numbers, comma, sort&compress]{natbib} % Use the natbib reference package - read up on this to edit the reference style; if you want text (e.g. Smith et al., 2012) for the in-text references (instead of numbers), remove 'numbers'
\hypersetup{urlcolor=blue, colorlinks=true} % Colors hyperlinks in blue - change to black if annoying
\title{\ttitle} % Defines the thesis title - don't touch this
%%%%%%%%%%%%% My additions
\usepackage[portuguese,english]{babel}
\usepackage{xpatch}
\xpatchcmd{\abstract}{\textit{Abstract}}{\textit{\abstractname}}{}{}
%%%%%%%%%%%%% My additions end here for the preamble
\begin{document}
\frontmatter % Use roman page numbering style (i, ii, iii, iv...) for the pre-content pages
\setstretch{1.3} % Line spacing of 1.3
% Define the page headers using the FancyHdr package and set up for one-sided printing
\fancyhead{} % Clears all page headers and footers
\rhead{\thepage} % Sets the right side header to show the page number
\lhead{} % Clears the left side page header
\pagestyle{fancy} % Finally, use the "fancy" page style to implement the FancyHdr headers
\newcommand{\HRule}{\rule{\linewidth}{0.5mm}} % New command to make the lines in the title page
% PDF meta-data
\hypersetup{pdftitle={\ttitle}}
\hypersetup{pdfsubject=\subjectname}
\hypersetup{pdfauthor=\authornames}
\hypersetup{pdfkeywords=\keywordnames}
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
% TITLE PAGE
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\begin{titlepage}
\begin{center}
\textsc{\LARGE \univname}\\[1.5cm] % University name
\textsc{\Large Doctoral Thesis}\\[0.5cm] % Thesis type
\HRule \\[0.4cm] % Horizontal line
{\huge \bfseries \ttitle}\\[0.4cm] % Thesis title
\HRule \\[1.5cm] % Horizontal line
\begin{minipage}{0.4\textwidth}
\begin{flushleft} \large
\emph{Author:}\\
\href{http://www.johnsmith.com}{\authornames} % Author name - remove the \href bracket to remove the link
\end{flushleft}
\end{minipage}
\begin{minipage}{0.4\textwidth}
\begin{flushright} \large
\emph{Supervisor:} \\
\href{http://www.jamessmith.com}{\supname} % Supervisor name - remove the \href bracket to remove the link
\end{flushright}
\end{minipage}\\[3cm]
\large \textit{A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements\\ for the degree of \degreename}\\[0.3cm] % University requirement text
\textit{in the}\\[0.4cm]
\groupname\\\deptname\\[2cm] % Research group name and department name
{\large \today}\\[4cm] % Date
%\includegraphics{Logo} % University/department logo - uncomment to place it
\vfill
\end{center}
\end{titlepage}
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
% DECLARATION PAGE
% Your institution may give you a different text to place here
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\Declaration{
\addtocontents{toc}{\vspace{1em}} % Add a gap in the Contents, for aesthetics
I, \authornames, declare that this thesis titled, '\ttitle' and the work presented in it are my own. I confirm that:
\begin{itemize}
\item[\tiny{$\blacksquare$}] This work was done wholly or mainly while in candidature for a research degree at this University.
\item[\tiny{$\blacksquare$}] Where any part of this thesis has previously been submitted for a degree or any other qualification at this University or any other institution, this has been clearly stated.
\item[\tiny{$\blacksquare$}] Where I have consulted the published work of others, this is always clearly attributed.
\item[\tiny{$\blacksquare$}] Where I have quoted from the work of others, the source is always given. With the exception of such quotations, this thesis is entirely my own work.
\item[\tiny{$\blacksquare$}] I have acknowledged all main sources of help.
\item[\tiny{$\blacksquare$}] Where the thesis is based on work done by myself jointly with others, I have made clear exactly what was done by others and what I have contributed myself.\\
\end{itemize}
Signed:\\
\rule[1em]{25em}{0.5pt} % This prints a line for the signature
Date:\\
\rule[1em]{25em}{0.5pt} % This prints a line to write the date
}
\clearpage % Start a new page
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
% QUOTATION PAGE
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\pagestyle{empty} % No headers or footers for the following pages
\null\vfill % Add some space to move the quote down the page a bit
\textit{``Thanks to my solid academic training, today I can write hundreds of words on virtually any topic without possessing a shred of information, which is how I got a good job in journalism."}
\begin{flushright}
Dave Barry
\end{flushright}
\vfill\vfill\vfill\vfill\vfill\vfill\null % Add some space at the bottom to position the quote just right
\clearpage % Start a new page
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
% ABSTRACT PAGE
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\addtotoc{Abstract} % Add the "Abstract" page entry to the Contents
%%%%% Another addition --> switch to Portuguese
\selectlanguage{portuguese}
\abstract{\addtocontents{toc}{\vspace{1em}} % Add a gap in the Contents, for aesthetics
The Thesis Abstract is written here (and usually kept to just this page). The page is kept centered vertically so can expand into the blank space above the title too\ldots
}
%%%%%%%%%%% Switch back to English
\selectlanguage{english}
\clearpage % Start a new page
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
% ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\setstretch{1.3} % Reset the line-spacing to 1.3 for body text (if it has changed)
\acknowledgements{\addtocontents{toc}{\vspace{1em}} % Add a gap in the Contents, for aesthetics
The acknowledgements and the people to thank go here, don't forget to include your project advisor\ldots
}
\clearpage % Start a new page
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
% LIST OF CONTENTS/FIGURES/TABLES PAGES
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\pagestyle{fancy} % The page style headers have been "empty" all this time, now use the "fancy" headers as defined before to bring them back
\lhead{\emph{Contents}} % Set the left side page header to "Contents"
\tableofcontents % Write out the Table of Contents
\lhead{\emph{List of Figures}} % Set the left side page header to "List of Figures"
\listoffigures % Write out the List of Figures
\lhead{\emph{List of Tables}} % Set the left side page header to "List of Tables"
\listoftables % Write out the List of Tables
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
% ABBREVIATIONS
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\clearpage % Start a new page
\setstretch{1.5} % Set the line spacing to 1.5, this makes the following tables easier to read
\lhead{\emph{Abbreviations}} % Set the left side page header to "Abbreviations"
\listofsymbols{ll} % Include a list of Abbreviations (a table of two columns)
{
\textbf{LAH} & \textbf{L}ist \textbf{A}bbreviations \textbf{H}ere \\
%\textbf{Acronym} & \textbf{W}hat (it) \textbf{S}tands \textbf{F}or \\
}
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
% PHYSICAL CONSTANTS/OTHER DEFINITIONS
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\clearpage % Start a new page
\lhead{\emph{Physical Constants}} % Set the left side page header to "Physical Constants"
\listofconstants{lrcl} % Include a list of Physical Constants (a four column table)
{
Speed of Light & $c$ & $=$ & $2.997\ 924\ 58\times10^{8}\ \mbox{ms}^{-\mbox{s}}$ (exact)\\
% Constant Name & Symbol & = & Constant Value (with units) \\
}
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
% SYMBOLS
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\clearpage % Start a new page
\lhead{\emph{Symbols}} % Set the left side page header to "Symbols"
\listofnomenclature{lll} % Include a list of Symbols (a three column table)
{
$a$ & distance & m \\
$P$ & power & W (Js$^{-1}$) \\
% Symbol & Name & Unit \\
& & \\ % Gap to separate the Roman symbols from the Greek
$\omega$ & angular frequency & rads$^{-1}$ \\
% Symbol & Name & Unit \\
}
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
% DEDICATION
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\setstretch{1.3} % Return the line spacing back to 1.3
\pagestyle{empty} % Page style needs to be empty for this page
\dedicatory{For/Dedicated to/To my\ldots} % Dedication text
\addtocontents{toc}{\vspace{2em}} % Add a gap in the Contents, for aesthetics
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
% THESIS CONTENT - CHAPTERS
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\mainmatter % Begin numeric (1,2,3...) page numbering
\pagestyle{fancy} % Return the page headers back to the "fancy" style
% Include the chapters of the thesis as separate files from the Chapters folder
% Uncomment the lines as you write the chapters
\input{Chapters/Chapter1}
%\input{Chapters/Chapter2}
%\input{Chapters/Chapter3}
%\input{Chapters/Chapter4}
%\input{Chapters/Chapter5}
%\input{Chapters/Chapter6}
%\input{Chapters/Chapter7}
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
% THESIS CONTENT - APPENDICES
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\addtocontents{toc}{\vspace{2em}} % Add a gap in the Contents, for aesthetics
\appendix % Cue to tell LaTeX that the following 'chapters' are Appendices
% Include the appendices of the thesis as separate files from the Appendices folder
% Uncomment the lines as you write the Appendices
\input{Appendices/AppendixA}
%\input{Appendices/AppendixB}
%\input{Appendices/AppendixC}
\addtocontents{toc}{\vspace{2em}} % Add a gap in the Contents, for aesthetics
\backmatter
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
% BIBLIOGRAPHY
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\label{Bibliography}
\lhead{\emph{Bibliography}} % Change the page header to say "Bibliography"
\bibliographystyle{unsrtnat} % Use the "unsrtnat" BibTeX style for formatting the Bibliography
\bibliography{Bibliography} % The references (bibliography) information are stored in the file named "Bibliography.bib"
\end{document}
答案2
使用模板的更新版本，这会变得容易得多：
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% Masters/Doctoral Thesis
% LaTeX Template
% Version 2.1 (2/9/15)
%
% This template has been downloaded from:
% http://www.LaTeXTemplates.com
%
% Version 2.0 major modifications by:
% Vel ([email protected])
%
% Original authors:
% Steven Gunn (http://users.ecs.soton.ac.uk/srg/softwaretools/document/templates/)
% Sunil Patel (http://www.sunilpatel.co.uk/thesis-template/)
%
% License:
% CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/)
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\documentclass[
11pt, % The default document font size, options: 10pt, 11pt, 12pt
%oneside, % Two side (alternating margins) for binding by default, uncomment to switch to one side
portuguese,
english, % ngerman for German
singlespacing, % Single line spacing, alternatives: onehalfspacing or doublespacing
%draft, % Uncomment to enable draft mode (no pictures, no links, overfull hboxes indicated)
%nolistspacing, % If the document is onehalfspacing or doublespacing, uncomment this to set spacing in lists to single
%liststotoc, % Uncomment to add the list of figures/tables/etc to the table of contents
%toctotoc, % Uncomment to add the main table of contents to the table of contents
%parskip, % Uncomment to add space between paragraphs
headsepline,
nohyperref
]{MastersDoctoralThesis}
\usepackage{blindtext}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage{palatino}
\usepackage[backend=bibtex,style=authoryear,natbib=true]{biblatex}
\addbibresource{example.bib} % The filename of the bibliography
\usepackage[autostyle=true]{csquotes} % Required to generate language-dependent quotes in the bibliography
\thesistitle{Thesis Title}
\supervisor{Dr. James \textsc{Smith}}
\examiner{}
\degree{Doctor of Philosophy}
\author{John \textsc{Smith}}
\university{University of Duckburg}
\department{Department of applied Dancing}
\group{A nice group}
\faculty{Jazz dance}
\newcaptionname{portuguese}{\byname}{por}
\begin{document}
\begin{abstract}
\blindtext
\end{abstract}
{\selectlanguage{portuguese}
\begin{abstract}
\blindtext
\end{abstract}
}
\end{document}
注意：该摘要页面用葡萄牙语可能甚至没有任何意义。