在单列中拟合方程

在单列中拟合方程

我正在使用以下代码,但获得的结果未设置在空间中(页面的左列)。我的页面上有它,但它与页面右列的文本重叠。我怎样才能减小数学方程的大小,或者有没有其他方法可以让它稳定在那个特定的空间中?

\Bigg(
\begin{tabular}{c}
$x_n$ \\
$y_n$ \\
$z_n$ 
\end{tabular} 
\Bigg)  = \Bigg( 
\begin{tabular}{ccc}
$\cos\theta\cos\psi$ & $-\cos\phi\sin\psi +\sin\phi\sin\theta\cos\psi$ & $\sin\phi\sin\psi +\cos\phi\cos\psi\sin\theta$ \\

$\cos\theta\sin\psi$ & $\cos\phi\cos\psi +\sin\phi\sin\theta\sin\psi$ & $\sin\theta\sin\psi\cos\phi - \cos\psi\sin\phi$ \\

$\sin\theta$ & $cos\theta\sin\phi$ & $cos\theta\cos\phi$
\end{tabular}  \Bigg( \begin{tabular}{c}
$x_b$ \\
$y_b$ \\
$z_b$
\end{tabular} \Bigg)

答案1

最好将其分成更小的元素,3x3矩阵实在太大了。给列命名并单独写出可以提供更窄的文本。下面我给出了两个版本,第一个使用方便的amsmath包,第二个使用标准 LaTeX 命令。在标准 LaTeX 版本中,请注意array在数学模式下是合适的,而不是tabular

示例输出

\documentclass[twocolumn]{article}

\usepackage{amsmath}

\begin{document}

\begin{equation*}
  \begin{pmatrix}
    x_n \\
    y_n \\
    z_n
  \end{pmatrix}
  =
  \begin{pmatrix}    
    v_1& v_2& v_3
  \end{pmatrix}
  \begin{pmatrix}
    x_b \\
    y_b \\
    z_b
  \end{pmatrix}
  ,
\end{equation*}
where
\begin{gather*}
  v_1 =
  \begin{pmatrix}
    \cos\theta\cos\psi \\
    \cos\theta\sin\psi  \\
    \sin\theta
  \end{pmatrix}
  ,\\
  v_2 =
  \begin{pmatrix}
    -\cos\phi\sin\psi +\sin\phi\sin\theta\cos\psi\\
    \cos\phi\cos\psi +\sin\phi\sin\theta\sin\psi\\
    \cos\theta\sin\phi
  \end{pmatrix}
  , \\
  v_3 = \begin{pmatrix}
    \sin\phi\sin\psi +\cos\phi\cos\psi\sin\theta \\
    \sin\theta\sin\psi\cos\phi - \cos\psi\sin\phi \\
    \cos\theta\cos\phi
  \end{pmatrix}.
\end{gather*}

Poorer version in standard LaTeX:
\begin{displaymath}
  \left(\begin{array}{c}
    x_n \\
    y_n \\
    z_n
  \end{array}\right)
  =
  \left(\begin{array}{ccc}    
    v_1& v_2& v_3
  \end{array}\right)
  \left(\begin{array}{c}
    x_b \\
    y_b \\
    z_b
  \end{array}\right)
  ,
\end{displaymath}
where
\begin{eqnarray}
  v_1 &=&
  \left(\begin{array}{c}
    \cos\theta\cos\psi \\
    \cos\theta\sin\psi  \\
    \sin\theta
  \end{array}\right)
  ,\nonumber \\
  v_2 &=&
  \left(\begin{array}{c}
    -\cos\phi\sin\psi +\sin\phi\sin\theta\cos\psi\\
    \cos\phi\cos\psi +\sin\phi\sin\theta\sin\psi\\
    \cos\theta\sin\phi
  \end{array}\right)
  ,\nonumber \\
  v_3 &=& \left(\begin{array}{c}
    \sin\phi\sin\psi +\cos\phi\cos\psi\sin\theta \\
    \sin\theta\sin\psi\cos\phi - \cos\psi\sin\phi \\
    \cos\theta\cos\phi
  \end{array}\right)
  \nonumber.
\end{eqnarray}

\end{document}

查看amsmath文档用于具有差异对齐可能性的其他数学环境。

答案2

结合较小的字体大小、flalign*环境和将中间矩阵一分为二的解决方案:

 \documentclass[twocolumn]{article}

\usepackage{geometry}
\usepackage{mathtools}
\usepackage{lipsum}
\setlength{\columnsep}{0.6cm}

\begin{document}

\lipsum[2]
%
{\footnotesize\setlength\arraycolsep{3pt}
  \begin{flalign*}
    & \mathrlap{ \begin{bmatrix}
      x_n \\
      y_n \\
      z_n
      \end{bmatrix}
      =
      \left[\begin{array}{cc}
        \cos\theta\cos\psi & -\cos\phi\sin\psi +\sin\phi\sin\theta\cos\psi \\
        \cos\theta\sin\psi & \cos\phi\cos\psi +\sin\phi\sin\theta\sin\psi \\
        \sin\theta & cos\theta\sin\phi
        \end{array} \right.} \\
      & & & & & \left.\begin{array}{c}
      \sin\phi\sin\psi +\cos\phi\cos\psi\sin\theta \\
      \sin\theta\sin\psi\cos\phi - \cos\psi\sin\phi \\
      cos\theta\cos\phi
    \end{array}\right]
    %
    \begin{bmatrix}
      x_b \\
      y_b \\
      z_b
    \end{bmatrix} \\[-2ex]
  \end{flalign*}}%
\lipsum[3-6]

\end{document} 

在此处输入图片描述

答案3

基于伯纳德的回答,我建议使用widetext。是的,这无法“适合 [...] 单个列”,但我认为这仍然很有用。

\documentclass[twocolumn]{article}

\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{lipsum}
\usepackage{widetext}
\setlength{\columnsep}{0.6cm}

\begin{document}

\lipsum[2]
%
\begin{widetext}
\begin{align*}
    \begin{bmatrix}
        x_n \\
        y_n \\
        z_n
        \end{bmatrix}
        &=
        \begin{bmatrix}
            \cos\theta\cos\psi & -\cos\phi\sin\psi +\sin\phi\sin\theta\cos\psi & \sin\phi\sin\psi +\cos\phi\cos\psi\sin\theta\\
            \cos\theta\sin\psi & \cos\phi\cos\psi +\sin\phi\sin\theta\sin\psi & \sin\theta\sin\psi\cos\phi - \cos\psi\sin\phi\\
            \sin\theta & cos\theta\sin\phi & cos\theta\cos\phi
        \end{bmatrix}
    %
    \begin{bmatrix}
        x_b \\
        y_b \\
        z_b
    \end{bmatrix} \\[-2ex]
\end{align*}%
\end{widetext}
%
\lipsum[3-6]

\end{document}

宽文本

答案4

尝试这个:

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\begin{document}
\begin{equation*}\left(\begin{array}{c}
x_n \\
y_n \\
z_n 
\end{array} 
\right)  = \left( 
\begin{array}{ccc}
\cos\theta\cos\psi & -\cos\phi\sin\psi +\sin\phi\sin\theta\cos\psi & \sin\phi\sin\psi +\cos\phi\cos\psi\sin\theta \\

\cos\theta\sin\psi & \cos\phi\cos\psi +\sin\phi\sin\theta\sin\psi & \sin\theta\sin\psi\cos\phi - \cos\psi\sin\phi \\

\sin\theta & \cos\theta\sin\phi & \cos\theta\cos\phi
\end{array}\right)  \left( \begin{array}{c}
x_b \\
y_b\\
z_b
\end{array} \right)
\end{equation*}
\end{document}

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