我正在编写一个可以选择文件并打印特定内容的脚本。例如,
san#./script.sh
Expected Usage : ./script.sh --file1 --dns
(这里检查file1,搜索dns名称并打印。基本上一个参数下还有子参数)
我尝试了单个参数/选项,如下所示:
options=$@
arguments=($options)
index=0;
for argument in $options
do
index=`expr $index + 1`;
case $argument in
-a | --fun1 ) run_function1 ;;
-b | --fun2 ) run_function2 ;;
-c | --fun3 ) run_function3 ;;
esac
done
exit;
[ ${1} ] || helpinfo
任何人都可以建议双参数(子选项)吗?
预期目标选项:
./script.sh
OPTIONS : ./script.sh -h
./script --fun1 stackoverflow
microsoft
Google
--fun2 Yahoo
基本上每个函数都会查看一个文件。我研究过 getopt 或 getopts,但它没有 long 选项(--long 是不可能的,相反我们只能使用 -l)。但再次不确定子参数。任何人都可以帮忙解决这个问题吗?我不想使用getopt
或getopts
。
答案1
这是一个比我在这里给出的第一个版本更方便使用的版本,特别是它避免了等效长选项和短选项的重复代码。它应该处理您想要的任何选项:短选项 ( -q
)、长选项 ( --quiet
)、带参数的选项、累积短选项(-qlfinput
而不是-q -l -f input
)、唯一缩写的长选项(--qui
而不是--quiet
)、选项结尾--
。
大部分代码是固定的;您只需修改标记的部分即可。
#!/bin/bash
# Update USAGE (USAGE1, USAGE2, USAGE3 may remain unchanged):
USAGE='Usage: prog [-q|--quiet] [-l|--list] [-f file|--file file] [-Q arg|--query arg] args'
USAGE1='
Ambiguously abbreviated long option:'
USAGE2='
No such option:'
USAGE3='
Missing argument for'
# List all long options here (including leading --):
LONGOPTS=(--quiet --list --file --query)
# List all short options that take an option argument here
# (without separator, without leading -):
SHORTARGOPTS=fQ
while [[ $# -ne 0 ]] ; do
# This part remains unchanged
case $1 in
--) shift ; break ;; ### no more options
-) break ;; ### no more options
-*) ARG=$1 ; shift ;;
*) break ;; ### no more options
esac
# This part remains unchanged
case $ARG in
--*)
FOUND=0
for I in "${LONGOPTS[@]}" ; do
case $I in
"$ARG") FOUND=1 ; OPT=$I ; break ;;
"$ARG"*) (( FOUND++ )) ; OPT=$I ;;
esac
done
case $FOUND in
0) echo "$USAGE$USAGE2 $ARG" 1>&2 ; exit 1 ;;
1) ;;
*) echo "$USAGE$USAGE1 $ARG" 1>&2 ; exit 1 ;;
esac ;;
-["$SHORTARGOPTS"]?*)
OPT=${ARG:0:2}
set dummy "${ARG:2}" "$@"
shift ;;
-?-*)
echo "$USAGE" 1>&2 ; exit 1 ;;
-??*)
OPT=${ARG:0:2}
set dummy -"${ARG:2}" "$@"
shift ;;
-?)
OPT=$ARG ;;
*)
echo "OOPS, this can't happen" 1>&2 ; exit 1 ;;
esac
# Give both short and long form here.
# Note: If the option takes an option argument, it it found in $1.
# Copy the argument somewhere and shift afterwards!
case $OPT in
-q|--quiet) QUIETMODE=yes ;;
-l|--list) LISTMODE=yes ;;
-f|--file) [[ $# -eq 0 ]] && { echo "$USAGE$USAGE3 $OPT" 1>&2 ; exit 1 ; }
FILE=$1 ; shift ;;
-Q|--query) [[ $# -eq 0 ]] && { echo "$USAGE$USAGE3 $OPT" 1>&2 ; exit 1 ; }
QUERYARG=$1 ; shift ;;
*) echo "$USAGE$USAGE2 $OPT" 1>&2 ; exit 1 ;;
esac
done
# Remaining arguments are now in "$@":
echo "QUIETMODE = $QUIETMODE"
echo "LISTMODE = $LISTMODE"
echo "FILE = $FILE"
echo "QUERYARG = $QUERYARG"
echo "REMAINING ARGUMENTS:" "$@"
答案2
引用。总是引用。有疑问时;引用。当没有疑问时;引用。
例如:你的测试$1
,(由于 而从未达到exit
),如果使用例如调用,会使您的脚本崩溃./myscript "file name with spaces"
。
当谈到参数循环时,你也许可以从这样的事情开始:
#!/bin/bash
prnt_help()
{
printf "Usage: %s [OPTION]\n" $(basename "$1")
}
# A simple function only to visualize what gets passed and one of many
# ways to deal with it.
do_list()
{
printf "do_list:\n"
printf "OPT: %s\n" "$@"
printf "My list:\n"
while [[ -n "$1" && "${1:0:1}" != "-" ]]; do
printf "Processing %s\n" "$1"
shift
done
}
main()
{
while [[ -n "$1" ]];do
# This test is not needed, but include it if you find use for it.
if [[ "${1:0:1}" != "-" ]]; then
shift
continue
fi
# Check option and pass rest of arguments to matching function
printf "Checking option %s\n" "$1"
case "$1" in
"-l"|"--list") shift; do_list "$@";;
"-h"|"--help") prnt_help "$0";;
"--") printf "Rest is not options even if starts with -\n"
break;;
esac
shift
done
# If you use "--" to separate out e.g. filenames starting with -
# then process them here.
}
main "$@"
答案3
内置getopts
只解析短选项(ksh93 除外),但您仍然可以添加几行脚本以使 getopts 处理长选项。
这是在中找到的代码的一部分http://www.uxora.com/unix/shell-script/22-handle-long-options-with-getopts
#== set short options ==#
SCRIPT_OPTS=':fbF:B:-:h'
#== set long options associated with short one ==#
typeset -A ARRAY_OPTS
ARRAY_OPTS=(
[foo]=f
[bar]=b
[foobar]=F
[barfoo]=B
[help]=h
[man]=h
)
#== parse options ==#
while getopts ${SCRIPT_OPTS} OPTION ; do
#== translate long options to short ==#
if [[ "x$OPTION" == "x-" ]]; then
LONG_OPTION=$OPTARG
LONG_OPTARG=$(echo $LONG_OPTION | grep "=" | cut -d'=' -f2)
LONG_OPTIND=-1
[[ "x$LONG_OPTARG" = "x" ]] && LONG_OPTIND=$OPTIND || LONG_OPTION=$(echo $OPTARG | cut -d'=' -f1)
[[ $LONG_OPTIND -ne -1 ]] && eval LONG_OPTARG="\$$LONG_OPTIND"
OPTION=${ARRAY_OPTS[$LONG_OPTION]}
[[ "x$OPTION" = "x" ]] && OPTION="?" OPTARG="-$LONG_OPTION"
if [[ $( echo "${SCRIPT_OPTS}" | grep -c "${OPTION}:" ) -eq 1 ]]; then
if [[ "x${LONG_OPTARG}" = "x" ]] || [[ "${LONG_OPTARG}" = -* ]]; then
OPTION=":" OPTARG="-$LONG_OPTION"
else
OPTARG="$LONG_OPTARG";
if [[ $LONG_OPTIND -ne -1 ]]; then
[[ $OPTIND -le $Optnum ]] && OPTIND=$(( $OPTIND+1 ))
shift $OPTIND
OPTIND=1
fi
fi
fi
fi
#== discard option argument start with hyphen ==#
if [[ "x${OPTION}" != "x:" ]] && [[ "x${OPTION}" != "x?" ]] && [[ "${OPTARG}" = -* ]]; then
OPTARG="$OPTION" OPTION=":"
fi
#== manage options ==#
case "$OPTION" in
f ) foo=1 bar=0 ;;
b ) foo=0 bar=1 ;;
B ) barfoo=${OPTARG} ;;
F ) foobar=1 && foobar_name=${OPTARG} ;;
h ) usagefull && exit 0 ;;
: ) echo "${SCRIPT_NAME}: -$OPTARG: option requires an argument" >&2 && usage >&2 && exit 99 ;;
? ) echo "${SCRIPT_NAME}: -$OPTARG: unknown option" >&2 && usage >&2 && exit 99 ;;
esac
done
shift $((${OPTIND} - 1))
这是一个测试:
# Short options test
$ ./foobar_any_getopts.sh -bF "Hello world" -B 6 file1 file2
foo=0 bar=1
barfoo=6
foobar=1 foobar_name=Hello world
files=file1 file2
# Long and short options test
$ ./foobar_any_getopts.sh --bar -F Hello --barfoo 6 file1 file2
foo=0 bar=1
barfoo=6
foobar=1 foobar_name=Hello
files=file1 file2
否则在最近的 Korn Shell 中ksh93,getopts
可以自然地解析长选项,甚至显示类似的手册页。 (看http://www.uxora.com/unix/shell-script/20-getopts-with-man-page-and-long-options)。