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点对象因比例命令而扭曲

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点对象因比例命令而扭曲

我正在努力绘制我的第一张 Tikz 图表。我想在坐标 (20.48,0.6358) 处绘制一个圆，该圆对应于最小值。但是，由于轴具有不同的刻度 ( [x=0.15cm,y=6cm])，圆会按比例扭曲。有什么方法可以避免这种情况并显示一个圆角圆（最好带有字母“A”或其他东西）？

*奖励：是否可以将 y 轴放在两条线上或沿 y 轴垂直放置？这个\\技巧不起作用。

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}

\begin{document}
\pagestyle{empty}

\begin{tikzpicture}[x=0.15cm,y=6cm]

  \def\xmin{0}
  \def\xmax{57}
  \def\ymin{0}
  \def\ymax{1.12}

  % grid
  \draw[style=help lines, ystep=0.1, xstep=5, color=lightgray] (\xmin,\ymin) grid
  (\xmax,\ymax);

  % axes
  \draw[->] (\xmin,\ymin) -- (\xmax,\ymin) node[right] {\textit{Var2 (years)}};
  \draw[->] (\xmin,\ymin) -- (\xmin,\ymax) node[above] {\textit{Var 1 ideally in two \\ lines or vertically }};

  % xticks and yticks
  \foreach \x in {0,5,10,...,55}
    \node at (\x, \ymin) [below] {\x};
  \foreach \y in {0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4,0.5,0.6,0.7,0.8,0.9,1.0,1.1}
    \node at (\xmin,\y) [left] {\y};

  % generate and plot another a curve y = 0.1 x^2 + 2.5
  % this generates the files figure.parabola.gnuplot and figure.parabola.table 
  \draw[color=red, domain=\xmin:\xmax, line width=0.09cm] plot[id=parabola]
  function{0.7532*(1+(0.00034*x**2 - 0.01393*x))} node [right] {$y=0.00034\,x^2 + 0.01393\,x$};
  \draw [thick, dashed] (0,0.6358) -- (20.48,0.6358) -- (20.48,0);
  \draw [fill=black, black] (20.48,0.6358) circle [radius=0.08];

\end{tikzpicture}


\end{document}

第一个 Tikz 图

答案1

不要对整体进行更改，x而是在范围内进行更改以保持其局部效果；通过范围内的值更改执行所有应该受到影响的事情；在范围外画一个圆圈：ytikzpicture

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}

\begin{document}
\pagestyle{empty}

\begin{tikzpicture}
  \def\xmin{0}
  \def\xmax{57}
  \def\ymin{0}
  \def\ymax{1.12}
\begin{scope}[x=0.15cm,y=6cm]

  % grid
  \draw[style=help lines, ystep=0.1, xstep=5, color=lightgray] (\xmin,\ymin) grid
  (\xmax,\ymax);

  % axes
  \draw[->] (\xmin,\ymin) -- (\xmax,\ymin) node[right] {\textit{Var2 (years)}};
  \draw[->] (\xmin,\ymin) -- (\xmin,\ymax) 
  node[midway,rotate=90,yshift=28pt] {\textit{Var 1 ideally in two lines or vertically }}
  node[align=center,anchor=south] {\itshape Var 1 ideally in two \\ lines or vertically };

  % xticks and yticks
  \foreach \x in {0,5,10,...,55}
    \node at (\x, \ymin) [below] {\x};
  \foreach \y in {0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4,0.5,0.6,0.7,0.8,0.9,1.0,1.1}
    \node at (\xmin,\y) [left] {\y};

  % generate and plot another a curve y = 0.1 x^2 + 2.5
  % this generates the files figure.parabola.gnuplot and figure.parabola.table 
  \draw[color=red, domain=\xmin:\xmax, line width=0.09cm] plot[id=parabola]
  function{0.7532*(1+(0.00034*x**2 - 0.01393*x))} node [right] {$y=0.00034\,x^2 + 0.01393\,x$};
  \draw [thick, dashed] (0,0.6358) -- (20.48,0.6358) -- (20.48,0);
  \coordinate (aux) at (20.48,0.6358);
\end{scope}
  \draw [fill=black, black,] (aux) circle [radius=0.08];

\end{tikzpicture}


\end{document}

在此处输入图片描述

奖励积分：

如果要旋转节点标签，可以使用rotate=<angle>key 来旋转文本。如果要多行标签，可以使用text width=<length>and/或align=<option>and 替换\textitfor \itshape（前者不允许换行）。

不过，我建议你改用pgfplots这是专门为绘图而设计的；现在你的代码更短了，并且你拥有开箱即用的功能来定制你的绘图：

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{pgfplots}

\begin{document}
\pagestyle{empty}

\begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{axis}[
  axis lines=left,
  xmin=0,
  xmax=57,
  ymin=0,
  ymax=1.05,
  xtick={0,5,...,55},
  ytick={0.1,0.2,...,1},
  xlabel={Var2 (years)},
  ylabel={Var 1 ideally in two lines or vertically},
  grid=both,
  width=10cm,
  height=7.5cm,
  clip=false
  ]
\addplot[red, domain=0:57,line width=3pt] {0.7532*(1+(0.00034*x^2 - 0.01393*x))} 
  node [right] {$y=0.00034\,x^2 + 0.01393\,x$};
  \draw [thick, dashed] (axis cs:0,0.6358) -- (axis cs:20.48,0.6358) -- (axis cs:20.48,0);
  \draw [fill=black, black,] (axis cs:20.48,0.6358) circle [radius=2pt];
\end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture}


\end{document}

在此处输入图片描述

答案2

从给定的 MWE 我无法重现所讨论的图像，因此我更改了绘图功能的代码行：

\draw[domain=\xmin:\xmax, line width=0.9mm, red] 
     plot[id=parabola]   (\x,{0.7532*(0.00034*\x*\x - 0.01393*\x + 1)}) 
     node [right] {$y=0.00034\,x^2 + 0.01393\,x$};

生成以下图像： 在此处输入图片描述

其中，我没有看到最小位置有任何失真。MWE 为：

\documentclass[border=3mm,
               tikz,
               ]{standalone}

    \begin{document}
%---------------------------------------------------------------%
    \begin{tikzpicture}[x=0.15cm,y=6cm]
  \def\xmin{0}
  \def\xmax{57}
  \def\ymin{0}
  \def\ymax{1.12}
% grid
  \draw[style=help lines, ystep=0.1, xstep=5, color=lightgray] 
        (\xmin,\ymin) grid  (\xmax,\ymax);
% axes
  \draw[->] (\xmin,\ymin) -- (\xmax,\ymin) node[right] {\textit{Var2 (years)}};
  \draw[->] (\xmin,\ymin) -- node[font=\itshape,above=7mm,align=center,sloped] 
                                {Var 1 ideally in two\\ 
                                 lines or vertically}               (\xmin,\ymax);
% xticks and yticks
  \foreach \x in {0,5,10,...,55}
    \node at (\x, \ymin) [below] {\x};
  \foreach \y in {0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4,0.5,0.6,0.7,0.8,0.9,1.0,1.1}
    \node at (\xmin,\y) [left] {\y};
% generate and plot another a curve y = 0.1 x^2 + 2.5
% this generates the files figure.parabola.gnuplot and figure.parabola.table
  \draw[domain=\xmin:\xmax, line width=0.9mm, red] 
    plot[id=parabola]   (\x,{0.7532*(0.00034*\x*\x - 0.01393*\x + 1)}) 
                        node [right] {$y=0.00034\,x^2 + 0.01393\,x$};

  \draw [thick, dashed] (0,0.6358) -| (20.48,0);
  \draw [fill=black]    (20.48,0.6358) circle (0.8mm);
    \end{tikzpicture}
   \end{document}

答案3

解决这个问题的一种方法是将其绘制为椭圆形，具有不同的x radius和y radius。乘以另一个单位向量会得到一个圆。为了允许换行，请将align=<alignment>键添加到节点。

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}

\begin{document}
\pagestyle{empty}

\begin{tikzpicture}[x=0.15cm,y=6cm]

  \def\xmin{0}
  \def\xmax{57}
  \def\ymin{0}
  \def\ymax{1.12}

  % grid
  \draw[style=help lines, ystep=0.1, xstep=5, color=lightgray] (\xmin,\ymin) grid
  (\xmax,\ymax);

  % axes
  \draw[->] (\xmin,\ymin) -- (\xmax,\ymin) node[right] {\textit{Var2 (years)}};
  \draw[->] (\xmin,\ymin) -- (\xmin,\ymax) node[above,align=center] {\textit{Var 1 ideally in two} \\ \textit{lines or vertically }};

  % xticks and yticks
  \foreach \x in {0,5,10,...,55}
    \node at (\x, \ymin) [below] {\x};
  \foreach \y in {0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4,0.5,0.6,0.7,0.8,0.9,1.0,1.1}
    \node at (\xmin,\y) [left] {\y};

  % generate and plot another a curve y = 0.1 x^2 + 2.5
  % this generates the files figure.parabola.gnuplot and figure.parabola.table 
  \draw[color=red, domain=\xmin:\xmax, line width=0.09cm] plot[id=parabola]
  function{0.7532*(1+(0.00034*x**2 - 0.01393*x))} node [right] {$y=0.00034\,x^2 + 0.01393\,x$};
  \draw [thick, dashed] (0,0.6358) -- (20.48,0.6358) -- (20.48,0);
  \draw [fill=black, black] (20.48,0.6358) circle [x radius=0.08*6,y radius=0.08*0.15];

\end{tikzpicture}


\end{document}

话虽如此，你考虑过吗pgfplots？

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{pgfplots}
\pgfplotsset{compat=1.12}
\begin{document}
\pagestyle{empty}

\begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{axis}[
   ylabel={var 1 vertically},
   xlabel={var 2},
   every axis label/.append style={font=\itshape},
   grid,
   domain=0:57,
   ymin=0,ymax=1.2,
   axis lines=left,
   ytick={0,0.1,...,1.2},
   xtick={0,5,...,55},
   clip=false
]

  \addplot [red] {0.7532*(1+(0.00034*x^2 - 0.01393*x))} node [right] {$y=0.00034\,x^2 + 0.01393\,x$};
  \draw [thick, dashed] (0,0.6358) -- (20.48,0.6358) coordinate(minimum) -- (20.48,0);
\end{axis}
  \draw [fill=black, black] (minimum) circle [radius=0.08];
\end{tikzpicture}    
\end{document}

在此处输入图片描述

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