我想创建两个环境：一个用于练习，一个用于练习的解决方案。每个练习都应引用其相应解决方案的页面，反之亦然。问题并不完全“对称”，因为解决方案的标签应等于相应练习的标签。到目前为止一切顺利。还有一个要求：我想在页边距中打印引用（练习对解决方案的引用和解决方案对练习的引用）。正如您在下面的 MWE 中看到的，边注不是与练习/解决方案环境垂直对齐的（而是与环境主体的第一行垂直对齐）。我尝试将调用\marginnote{}作为参数合并到练习/解决方案环境中，但未能使其工作。
如何才能做到这一点？
\documentclass{scrartcl}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage[american]{babel}
\usepackage{amsthm}
\usepackage{marginnote}
\newtheoremstyle{exstyle}%
{0.5em}% space above
{0.5em}% space below
{}% body font
{}% indent amount
{\sffamily\bfseries}% head font
{}% punctuation after head
{\newline}% space after head
{\thmname{#1}\ \thmnumber{#2}\ \thmnote{#3}}% head spec
\theoremstyle{exstyle}% activate style
\newtheorem{exercise}{Exercise}[section]
\newtheoremstyle{solstyle}%
{0.5em}% space above
{0.5em}% space below
{}% body font
{}% indent amount
{\sffamily\bfseries}% head font
{}% punctuation after head
{\newline}% space after head
{\thmname{#1}\ \ref{#2}\ \thmnote{#3}}% head spec; obviously, the `\ref{#2}` fails...
\theoremstyle{solstyle}% activate style
\newtheorem{solution}{Solution}
\begin{document}
\begin{exercise}[(Exercise title)]\label{ex}\marginnote{Sol.\ on p.~\pageref{sol}}
This is the exercise
\end{exercise}
\clearpage
\begin{solution}[(Solution title)]\label{sol}\marginnote{Ex.\ on p.~\pageref{ex}}
This is the solution
\end{solution}
\end{document}
更新
我尝试过的一种方法是调整证明环境以适应解决方案；见下文。这会将边注放在正确的垂直水平，但需要手动引入换行符（在解决方案标题之后）。不确定是否有更优雅的方法……
\documentclass{scrartcl}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage[american]{babel}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{amsthm}
\usepackage{mathtools}
\usepackage{enumitem}
\usepackage{marginnote}
% Exercise
\newtheoremstyle{exstyle}%
{0.5em}% space above
{0.5em}% space below
{}% body font
{}% indent amount
{\sffamily\bfseries}% head font
{}% punctuation after head
{\newline}% space after head
{\thmname{#1}\ \thmnumber{#2}\ \thmnote{#3}}% head spec
\theoremstyle{exstyle}% activate style
\newtheorem{exercise}{Exercise}[section]
% Solution (adapted from proof environment)
\makeatletter
\newenvironment{solution}[2][]{\par
\pushQED{\qed}%
\normalfont\topsep6\p@\@plus6\p@\relax
\trivlist
\item[\hskip\labelsep\sffamily\bfseries Solution~\ref{#2}\ #1]%
\marginnote{Ex.\ on p.~\pageref{#2}}\ignorespaces%
}{%
\popQED\endtrivlist\@endpefalse
}
\makeatother
\begin{document}
\begin{exercise}[(Exercise title)]\label{ex1}\marginnote{Sol.\ on p.~\pageref{sol1}}
This is the exercise
\end{exercise}
\begin{solution}[(Solution title)]{ex1}\label{sol1}\\
This is the solution
\end{solution}
\begin{exercise}[(Exercise title)]\label{ex2}\marginnote{Sol.\ on p.~\pageref{sol2}}
\vspace{-\baselineskip}
\begin{enumerate}
\item Item 1
\end{enumerate}
\end{exercise}
\begin{solution}[(Solution title)]{ex2}\label{sol2}
\begin{enumerate}
\item Item 1
\end{enumerate}
\end{solution}
\end{document}
更新2
这显示了我想要实现的目标（现在有了两个“类似证明”的环境）。正如 David 指出的那样这里这通常不是我们想要的（因为我们离开了垂直模式）
\documentclass{scrartcl}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage[american]{babel}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{mathtools}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{amsthm}
\usepackage{etoolbox}
\usepackage{enumitem}
\usepackage{marginnote}
\setlist{
align=left,
labelsep=*,
leftmargin=*,
topsep=1mm,
itemsep=0mm
}
% Exercise
% Note: One has to provide \\ by hand in order to get the linebreak after the
% exercise head (unless itemize/enumerate follows)
\newcounter{counter}% exercise counter
\makeatletter
\newenvironment{exercise}[2][]{\refstepcounter{counter}\par
\normalfont\topsep6\p@\@plus6\p@\relax
\trivlist
\item[\hskip\labelsep\sffamily\bfseries Exercise~\thecounter\ #1]%
\marginnote{Sol.\ on p.~\pageref{#2}}\ignorespaces
}{%
\endtrivlist\@endpefalse
}
\makeatother
% Solution
% Note: One has to provide \\ by hand in order to get the linebreak after the
% exercise head (unless itemize/enumerate follows)
\makeatletter
\newenvironment{solution}[2][]{\par
\pushQED{\qed}%
\normalfont\topsep6\p@\@plus6\p@\relax
\trivlist
\item[\hskip\labelsep\sffamily\bfseries Solution~\ref{#2}\ #1]%
\marginnote{Ex.\ on p.~\pageref{#2}}\ignorespaces
\ignorespaces%
}{%
\popQED\endtrivlist\@endpefalse
}
\makeatother
\begin{document}
\begin{exercise}[(Exercise title)]{sol1}\label{ex1}\\
This is the exercise
\end{exercise}
\begin{solution}[(Solution title)]{ex1}\label{sol1}\\
This is the solution
\end{solution}
\begin{exercise}[(Exercise title)]{sol2}\label{ex2}
\begin{enumerate}
\item Item 1
\end{enumerate}
\end{exercise}
\begin{solution}[(Solution title)]{ex2}\label{sol2}
\begin{enumerate}
\item Item 1
\end{enumerate}
\end{solution}
\end{document}
答案1
仅有相互参考的部分解决方案：您需要自动生成的标签。
在我看来，练习/解决方案环境应该被包装到其他环境中，进行一些设置，尤其是对齐\marginnote。
\documentclass{scrartcl}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage[american]{babel}
\usepackage{amsthm}
\usepackage{marginnote}
\newtheoremstyle{exstyle}%
{0.5em}% space above
{0.5em}% space below
{}% body font
{}% indent amount
{\sffamily\bfseries}% head font
{}% punctuation after head
{\newline}% space after head
{\thmname{#1}\ \thmnumber{#2}\ \thmnote{#3}\label{ex:\number\value{exercise}}}% head spec
\theoremstyle{exstyle}% activate style
\newtheorem{exercise}{Exercise}[section]
\newtheoremstyle{solstyle}%
{0.5em}% space above
{0.5em}% space below
{}% body font
{}% indent amount
{\sffamily\bfseries}% head font
{}% punctuation after head
{\newline}% space after head
{\thmname{#1}\ \ref{ex:\number\value{exercise}}\ \thmnote{#3}\label{sol:\number\value{exercise}}}% head spec; obviously, the `\ref{#2}` fails...
\theoremstyle{solstyle}% activate style
\newtheorem{solution}{Solution}
\begin{document}
\begin{exercise}[(Exercise title)]\label{ex}\marginnote{Sol.\ on p.~\pageref{sol}}
This is the exercise
\end{exercise}
\clearpage
\begin{solution}[(Solution title)]\label{sol}\marginnote{Ex.\ on p.~\pageref{ex}}
This is the solution
\end{solution}
\begin{exercise}[(Foo question)]\marginnote{Sol.\ on p.~\pageref{sol:\number\value{exercise}}}
This is the exercise
\end{exercise}
\clearpage
\begin{solution}[(foo solution)]\marginnote{Ex.\ on p.~\pageref{ex:\number\value{exercise}}}
This is the solution
\end{solution}
\end{document}
编辑包装命令模仿定理并提供正确的链接/标签等。
\documentclass{scrbook}
\usepackage{marginnote}
\usepackage{xparse}
\usepackage{hyperref}
\newcounter{exercise}
\newcounter{solution}
\newwrite\allmysolutions
\AtBeginDocument{%
\immediate\openout\allmysolutions=\jobname.sol
}
\newcommand{\CloseSolutions}{%
\immediate\closeout\allmysolutions
}
\newcommand{\InputSolutions}{%
\InputIfFileExists{\jobname.sol}{}{}%
}
\NewDocumentCommand{\DoExercise}{O{}+m+m+o}{%
\newpage% Just for demo of pages etc.
\refstepcounter{exercise}\label{ex:\number\value{exercise}}
Exercise (#2) \theexercise \IfValueTF{#4}{\marginnote{Sol.\ on p.~\pageref{sol:\number\value{exercise}}}}{\refstepcounter{solution}}
#3
\IfValueT{#4}{%
\immediate\write\allmysolutions{%
\string\newpage% Just for demo
\string\refstepcounter{solution}\string\label{sol:\number\value{exercise}}^^J%
Solution (Solution of #2) \string\thesolution \unexpanded{\marginnote{Exercise.\ on p.~\pageref{ex:\number\value{exercise}}}}
\unexpanded{#4}
\vskip\baselineskip
}
}
\vskip\baselineskip
}
\begin{document}
\DoExercise{Einstein}{$E = mc^2$}[Yes, it's true]
\DoExercise{Heisenberg}{Proof $\Delta x\Delta p \ge \hbar$}[Yes, it's true -- it's science]
\CloseSolutions
\InputSolutions
\end{document}