同一文档的不同行距

Question

在我的论文中，我习惯\linespread{1.3}为整个文档设置 1.5 倍行距。但是，如下面的屏幕截图所示，两个段落的行距不同。这是因为那里的矩阵吗？还是有其他原因。仅供参考，这是我唯一看到如此丑陋的行距变化的地方。请问有办法修复它吗？例如，无论发生什么情况，我如何才能强制执行行距。谢谢！

更新：

我尝试了评论中的方法。它们有效，但不是我想要的方式，因为所有部分都受到影响，并且出现了更多令人不快的白色间隙。正如我在图片中展示的那样，文档的其余部分看起来不错。只有那一点看起来很奇怪。我尝试删除矩阵，之后它就恢复正常了。但我需要保留矩阵。如果有帮助，我会在下面粘贴我的整个设置。

  \documentclass[a4paper, twoside, hidelinks, 11pt]{book}

  \usepackage{etex}
  \reserveinserts{28}

  % needed to remove headers and page numbers on blank pages at the end of chapters
  \newcommand{\blanknonumber}{\newpage\thispagestyle{empty}}

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  \usepackage{fancyhdr}
  \fancyhead[ro, le]{}
  \fancyhead[lo]{\slshape\nouppercase{\rightmark}}
  \fancyhead[re]{\slshape\nouppercase{\leftmark}}
  \pagestyle{fancy} % Change page style to fancy
  \renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{1pt}
  \renewcommand{\footrulewidth}{0pt}

  % font
  \usepackage[T1]{fontenc}

  % chapter titles
  \usepackage[Sonny]{fncychap}
  \ChNameVar{\centering\Large\bfseries}
  \ChTitleVar{\centering\Large\bfseries}

  % author-date reference
  \usepackage[round]{natbib}

  % enumeration
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  % needed for bold upright greek letter
  \usepackage{bm, upgreek}

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  \usepackage[usenames, dvipsnames, svgnames, table]{xcolor}
  \usepackage{framed}
  \colorlet{shadecolor}{yellow!30}

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  \usepackage{titlesec}
  \titleformat*{\section}{\large \bfseries}

  % needed for LaTeX graph from R
  \usepackage{tikz}

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  \usepackage{booktabs}
  \usepackage{multirow}

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  \makeindex[intoc]

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  \floatsetup[table]{capposition=top}

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  \makeatletter
  \def\@xfootnote[#1]{
    \protected@xdef\@thefnmark{#1}
    \@footnotemark\@footnotetext}
  \makeatother

  % needed for 1.5 line spacing
  \linespread{1.3} 

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  \usepackage[labelfont=bf]{caption}

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  \usepackage[skip=0pt]{caption}

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  % \usepackage{fancyvrb}

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  \usepackage[hang, flushmargin]{footmisc} 

  \makeatletter
  \newcommand*\mytabalign{%
      \edef\sk@align{\ifodd\c@page l\else r\fi}
      \makebox[\textwidth][\sk@align]}
  \makeatother

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  \renewcommand \cftchapdotsep{4.5}

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  \usepackage{nameref}

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  \lstset{language=R, basicstyle=\ttfamily\footnotesize, breaklines=true, backgroundcolor=\color{yellow!30}, morecomment=[l]{//}}

  % hyper links
  \usepackage{hyperref}

\begin{document}

  % set page numbers to roman and suppress chapter numbers
  \frontmatter

  % set page numbers to arabic, reset to 1
  \mainmatter

\noindent As that graph shows, the asymptotic variance decreases more rapidly when $\xi_0$ is positive so that almost every other $ \widehat \sigma_{MOP, \alpha}$ except those whose $\alpha$ is close to $\alpha_{op}$ has larger variance. Consequently, including all possible $\alpha$'s in fact inflates the variance. {\em These observations suggest that superficially using all data points is not necessarily the best way to utilise all the information contained in a sample. It might well be possible that using data in the wrong way can actually make things worse.}

\begin{table}[h]
\centering
\caption{$ \widehat \sigma_{MOP, \alpha_{op}}$ versus $ \widehat \sigma_{MOP, \alpha s}$ with $\sigma=1$ and $N=1000$.}
\label{table: MOPextension}
\begin{tabular}{rccc}
\toprule
$\xi_0$ & $\widehat \sigma_{MOP, \alpha_{op}}$ & $\widehat \sigma_{MOP, \alpha s}$ & $\widehat \sigma_{MOP, \alpha_1, \alpha_2, \alpha_3}$ \\ \midrule
-0.4    & (0.9015, 1.0985) & (0.9158, 1.0845) & (0.9045, 1.0955) \\
-0.3    & (0.9064, 1.0936) & (0.9195, 1.0804) & (0.9092, 1.0908) \\
-0.2    & (0.9116, 1.0884) & (0.9226, 1.0757) & (0.9145, 1.0855) \\
-0.1    & (0.9171, 1.0829) & (0.9254, 1.0728) & (0.9202, 1.0798) \\
0.1     & (0.9294, 1.0706) & (0.9316, 1.0659) & (0.9332, 1.0668) \\
0.2     & (0.9365, 1.0635) & (0.9346, 1.0628) & (0.9412, 1.0588) \\
0.3     & (0.9445, 1.0555) & (0.9376, 1.0601) & (0.9481, 1.0519) \\
0.4     & (0.9541, 1.0459) & (0.9401, 1.0584) & (0.9575, 1.0425) \\ \bottomrule
\end{tabular}
\end{table}

\noindent The previous discussion prompts our suggestion of only picking a few, say, three, equally spaced percentiles which are approximately centred at the $\alpha_{op}$ as listed in Table~\ref{table: 3alphas}. We can consider this an adaptive method in which we pick different $\alpha$-triples depending on the value of $\xi_0$. To see how this works, first note that for given $\alpha_1, \alpha_2$ and $\alpha_3$, the corresponding sample percentiles $\left( x_{\alpha_1N :N}, x_{\alpha_2N :N}, x_{\alpha_3N :N} \right)^T$ asymptotically follow a three-dimensional normal distribution with mean vector $\left( x_{\alpha_1}, x_{\alpha_2}, x_{\alpha_3} \right)^T$ and variance-covariance matrix $\bm\Sigma_{\alpha_1, \alpha_2, \alpha_3}$ equal to
{\footnotesize
\begin{align*}
\frac{\sigma^2}{N}
\begin{bmatrix}
\alpha_1(1-\alpha_1)^{2\xi_0-1}                    & \alpha_1(1-\alpha_1)^{\xi_0-1}(1-\alpha_2)^{\xi_0} & \alpha_1(1-\alpha_1)^{\xi_0-1}(1-\alpha_3)^{\xi_0} \\[5pt]
\alpha_1(1-\alpha_1)^{\xi_0-1}(1-\alpha_2)^{\xi_0} & \alpha_2(1-\alpha_2)^{2\xi_0-1}                    & \alpha_2(1-\alpha_2)^{\xi_0-1}(1-\alpha_3)^{\xi_0} \\[5pt]
\alpha_1(1-\alpha_1)^{\xi_0-1}(1-\alpha_3)^{\xi_0} & \alpha_2(1-\alpha_2)^{\xi_0-1}(1-\alpha_3)^{\xi_0} & \alpha_3(1-\alpha_3)^{2\xi_0-1}
\end{bmatrix}.
\end{align*}
\par}


% APPENDICES

  % change chapter name and counters (eg Chapter 1 -> Appendix A)
  \appendix

  % assuming there are files appendix1.tex etc...

  \include{appendix1}
  %\include{appendix3}

  \backmatter

% BIBLIOGRAPHY

  % add Bibliography to table of contents
  \bibliographystyle{biometrika}
  \bibliography{reference}

\end{document}

Answer 1

tex\baselineskip直到段落完成才适用。数学显示不会自动结束段落，并且由于您已经使用\footnotesize它进行显示，即使它位于本地组内并且不会在显示之外持续存在，它仍然适用于它之前的“未完成”的段落。

要修复此问题，您需要在显示之前结束该段落。我建议按如下方式操作：

... equal to%
\par\nobreak
\vspace{-\abovedisplayskip}
{\footnotesize
 \begin{align*}
...

文本末尾%的是为了避免出现空格，如果该行接近整个页面宽度，则可能会（如果运气不好）导致出现多余的空白行。 \par是不言而喻的。 \nobreak是为了防止显示分裂到新页面。而的逆转是\abovedisplayskip为了避免由于基线已经扩展而不需要的额外空间。