TikZ：水平移动节点文本

Question 1

只需添加\hspace{-2em}到节点文本即可West。

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}

\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[node distance=1.5cm, auto]
  \node (West) {
    \hspace{-2em}$\Gamma \vdash A, B, C, D, E, F, G$
  };
  \node (North) [right of=West, above of=West] {
    $\Gamma'$
  };
  \node (South) [below of=West, right of=West] {
    $\Delta'$
  };
  \node (East) [right of=North, below of=North] {
    $\Delta \vdash I, J, K, L, M$
  };
  \draw[->] (West) to node [yshift=-1ex] {$f$} (North);
  \draw[->] (West) to node [yshift=1ex,swap] {$g$} (South);
  \draw[dotted,->] (North) to node [yshift=-1ex] {$f'$} (East);
  \draw[dotted,->] (South) to node [yshift=1ex,swap] {$g'$} (East);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

Answer

只需添加\hspace{-2em}到节点文本即可West。

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}

\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[node distance=1.5cm, auto]
  \node (West) {
    \hspace{-2em}$\Gamma \vdash A, B, C, D, E, F, G$
  };
  \node (North) [right of=West, above of=West] {
    $\Gamma'$
  };
  \node (South) [below of=West, right of=West] {
    $\Delta'$
  };
  \node (East) [right of=North, below of=North] {
    $\Delta \vdash I, J, K, L, M$
  };
  \draw[->] (West) to node [yshift=-1ex] {$f$} (North);
  \draw[->] (West) to node [yshift=1ex,swap] {$g$} (South);
  \draw[dotted,->] (North) to node [yshift=-1ex] {$f'$} (East);
  \draw[dotted,->] (South) to node [yshift=1ex,swap] {$g'$} (East);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

Question 2

如果您不想移动节点本身（因为这会移动箭头），那么您必须尝试为节点文本添加空间（左侧为负数或右侧为正数），或者您必须添加另一个包含文本的节点。第二种选择的优点是您可以直接指定移动量，而不依赖于对齐。

一种可能性是使用以下label选项：

\begin{tikzpicture}[node distance=1.5cm, auto]
  \node [label={[xshift=-2em]center:$\Gamma \vdash A, B, C, D, E, F, G$}] (West) {\phantom{$\Gamma \vdash A, B, C$}};
  \node (North) [right of=West, above of=West] {
    $\Gamma'$
  };
  \node (South) [below of=West, right of=West] {
    $\Delta'$
  };
  \node (East) [right of=North, below of=North] {
    $\Delta \vdash I, J, K, L, M$
  };
  \draw[->] (West) to node [yshift=-1ex] {$f$} (North);
  \draw[->] (West) to node [yshift=1ex,swap] {$g$} (South);
  \draw[dotted,->] (North) to node [yshift=-1ex] {$f'$} (East);
  \draw[dotted,->] (South) to node [yshift=1ex,swap] {$g'$} (East);
\end{tikzpicture}

label与选项一起使用center可在原始节点的同一位置添加第二个节点。然后可以使用移动此节点xshift。请注意，原始节点的文本不应为空，否则箭头f和g起点与标签文本太近。phantom原始节点上的文本可确保正确的距离。

Answer

如果您不想移动节点本身（因为这会移动箭头），那么您必须尝试为节点文本添加空间（左侧为负数或右侧为正数），或者您必须添加另一个包含文本的节点。第二种选择的优点是您可以直接指定移动量，而不依赖于对齐。

一种可能性是使用以下label选项：

\begin{tikzpicture}[node distance=1.5cm, auto]
  \node [label={[xshift=-2em]center:$\Gamma \vdash A, B, C, D, E, F, G$}] (West) {\phantom{$\Gamma \vdash A, B, C$}};
  \node (North) [right of=West, above of=West] {
    $\Gamma'$
  };
  \node (South) [below of=West, right of=West] {
    $\Delta'$
  };
  \node (East) [right of=North, below of=North] {
    $\Delta \vdash I, J, K, L, M$
  };
  \draw[->] (West) to node [yshift=-1ex] {$f$} (North);
  \draw[->] (West) to node [yshift=1ex,swap] {$g$} (South);
  \draw[dotted,->] (North) to node [yshift=-1ex] {$f'$} (East);
  \draw[dotted,->] (South) to node [yshift=1ex,swap] {$g'$} (East);
\end{tikzpicture}

label与选项一起使用center可在原始节点的同一位置添加第二个节点。然后可以使用移动此节点xshift。请注意，原始节点的文本不应为空，否则箭头f和g起点与标签文本太近。phantom原始节点上的文本可确保正确的距离。

Question 3

我回来了 :-)。经过重新思考，在所需图像中应该保留什么以及应该移动什么之后，我决定再次编辑我的答案...

编辑（3）： 由于这个问题对我来说并不清楚，在之前的答案中（我删除了，因为它们对你没有帮助），我再次从你的解决方案猜测你想要得到什么。以下是我的（最后）建议 :-)。

我对您的答案的分析表明，它并没有正确使用 TikZ。让我们看看您的解决方案真正获得了什么：

[![enter image description here][1]][1]

为了得到上面的图片，我只添加了节点选项draw=red，可以看到，西节点中的文本从中突出。我只想指出，这不是好的做法，应该避免。

可能的解决方案： 经过长时间的猜测，我假设您希望获得这样的结果：箭头（从北节点和南节点看）与西节点的东北角相交的距离与东节点与西北角相交的距离相同，即箭头的斜率将保持不变。获得此属性有更多可能性。例如：

猜测这个距离，然后使用它作为

\draw ([xshift=-guessed distance>] West.north east) to node ... (North);
测量这个距离
其他解决方案（我没有想到）

对于第二种可能性，可以利用三个 TikZ 库：calc、intersections和positioning。最后一个用于正确使用节点或坐标放置语法（right=of ...而不是right of = ...). With help交点，确定北节点箭头与东节点边界的交点，并calc计算从西节点和东节点之间的中点到该交点的距离（仅在 x 方向）：

\documentclass[border=3mm,tikz]{standalone}
    \usetikzlibrary{calc,intersections,positioning}

    \begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[
    node distance=1.5cm, 
                    ]
\node (West) {$\Gamma \vdash A, B, C, D, E, F, G$};
\node (East) [right=4mm% <-- distance between nodes West and East
                        of West] {$\Delta \vdash I, J, K, L, M$};
% coordinate in the middle of the West and EAST node
\coordinate (a) at ($(West.east)!0.5!(East.west)$);
%
\node (North) [above=of a] {$\Gamma'$};
\node (South) [below=of a] {$\Delta'$};
% determination of intersection between arrow from North to East
% with node East
    \path[name path=curve 1] (East.north west) -- (East.north);% auxiliary path
    \path[name path=curve 2] (North) -- (East);% auxiliary path
    \path[name intersections={of=curve 1 and curve 2, by={b}}] (b);
% caluculation of distance to intersection
\path   let \p1 = (a),
            \p2 = (b |- a),
            \n1 = {veclen(\y2-\y1,\x2-\x1)} in
        coordinate[left=\n1 of a ] (c);
% arrows
\draw[->]   (c |- West.north) to node[above] {$f$} (North) ;
\draw[->]   (c |- West.south) to node[below] {$g$}  (South) ;
\draw[dotted,->]    (North) to node[above] {$f'$}  (East);
\draw[dotted,->]    (South) to node[below] {$g'$}  (East);%,
\end{tikzpicture}
    \end{document}

通过这种解决方案，节点之间的箭头的斜率保持其斜率，西节点和东节点之间的距离可以明确设置，北节点和西节点始终位于西节点和东节点之间中点的北面和南面。

下面是两张图，第一张西节点和东节点之间的距离为 4 毫米，第二张为 16 毫米。上面的 MWE 是第一张图的。

Answer