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如何添加箭头、花括号到链中

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如何添加箭头、花括号到链中

我想在乳胶中创建一个像这样的图像（由 ppt 生成）在此处输入图片描述

现在我只能使用此代码生成蓝色和绿色的框

\documentclass[border=10pt]{standalone}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{calc,shapes.arrows}
\usetikzlibrary{automata} % LATEX and plain TEX
\usetikzlibrary{arrows,decorations.pathmorphing,backgrounds, chains,positioning,fit,petri,matrix,shapes.arrows,shadows,backgrounds}

\usetikzlibrary{mindmap}



\usetikzlibrary{shapes,arrows,fit,calc,shadings,graphs}
\tikzset{box/.style={draw, rectangle, rounded corners, thick,node distance=7em, text width=6em, text centered , inimum height=3.5em}}
\tikzset{container/.style={draw, rectangle , dashed, inner sep=2em}}
\tikzset{line/.style={draw, thick, -latex '}}


%Disegno per i grafici TikZ
\definecolor{bluei}{RGB}{83,116,191}
\definecolor{blueii}{RGB}{207,212,232}
\definecolor{greeni}{RGB}{135,200,81}
\definecolor{greenii}{RGB}{216,235,207}

\tikzset{
  myiblock/.style 2 args={
    draw=white,
    fill=#1,
    line width=1pt,
    rounded corners,
    minimum height=1cm,
    align=center,
    text=white,
    font=\sffamily,
    text width=#2
  },
  myoblock/.style={
    fill=#1,
    rounded corners,
    align=center,
    inner xsep=10pt
  }
}

\begin{document}


%1chain

\begin{tikzpicture}[node distance=3pt and 1cm]
\node[myiblock={bluei}{2cm}]
  (info1)
  {Id1 long 7 chars};
\node[myiblock={bluei}{2cm},below=of info1]
  (info2)
  {Id2 long 7 chars};
 \node[myiblock={bluei}{2cm},below=of info2]
  (info3)
  {Id3 long 7 chars};
  \node[myiblock={bluei}{2cm},below=of info3]
  (info4)
  {Id4 long 7 chars};
    \node[myiblock={bluei}{2cm},below=of info4]
  (info5)
  {Id5 long 7 chars};
    \node[myiblock={bluei}{2cm},below=of info5]
  (info6)
  {Id6 long 7 chars};
    \node[myiblock={bluei}{2cm},below=of info6]
  (info7)
  {Id7 long 7 chars};


\begin{pgfonlayer}{background}

\end{pgfonlayer}

%2 chain

\begin{scope}[xshift=6cm,node distance=3pt and 1cm]
\node[myiblock={greeni}{4cm}]
  (infoob1)
  {Text1 long 34 chars};
\node[myiblock={greeni}{4cm},below=of infoob1]
  (infoob2)
  {Text2 long 34 chars};
\node[myiblock={greeni}{4cm},below=of infoob2]
  (infoob3)
  {Text3 long 34 chars};
 \node[myiblock={greeni}{4cm},below=of infoob3]
  (infoob4)
  {Text4 long 34 chars};
  \node[myiblock={greeni}{4cm},below=of infoob4]
  (infoob5)
  {Text5 long 34 chars};
  \node[myiblock={greeni}{4cm},below=of infoob5]
  (infoob6)
  {Text6 long 34 chars};
  \node[myiblock={greeni}{4cm},below=of infoob6]
  (infoob7)
  {Text7 long 34 chars};
\begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
\end{pgfonlayer}
\end{scope}
\end{tikzpicture}

%3 chain

\begin{tikzpicture}[node distance=3pt and 1cm]
\node[myiblock={bluei}{2cm}]
  (info1)
  {Label1 long 20 chars};
\node[myiblock={bluei}{2cm},below=of info1]
  (info2)
  {Label2 long 20 chars};
 \node[myiblock={bluei}{2cm},below=of info2]
  (info3)
  {Label3 long 20 chars};
  \node[myiblock={bluei}{2cm},below=of info3]
  (info4)
  {Label4 long 20 chars};
    \node[myiblock={bluei}{2cm},below=of info4]
  (info5)
  {Label5 long 20 chars};
    \node[myiblock={bluei}{2cm},below=of info5]
  (info6)
  {Label6 long 20 chars};
    \node[myiblock={bluei}{2cm},below=of info6]
  (info7)
  {Label7 long 20 chars};


\begin{pgfonlayer}{background}

\end{pgfonlayer}
\end{tikzpicture}

\end{document}

我的问题是： 1. 如何添加另一个框 2. 如何在框之间添加...（参见第一个链） 3. 如何保持原始图像的相同框大小？

先谢谢了

答案1

看看，这是否是你在寻找的：

     \documentclass[border=10pt,tikz]{standalone}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows.meta,
                calc, chains,
                decorations.pathreplacing,
                positioning}

%Disegno per i grafici TikZ
\definecolor{bluei}{RGB}{83,116,191}
\definecolor{greeni}{RGB}{135,200,81}

    \begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[
  node distance = 6mm and 66mm,
    start chain = going below,
    auto,
iblock/.style = {draw=none,
                 fill=bluei,
                 rounded corners,
                 minimum height=1cm,
                 align=center,
                 text width=#1,
                 text=white, font=\sffamily,
                 inner xsep=10pt,
                 on chain},
oblock/.style = {draw=none,
                 fill=greeni,
                 rounded corners,
                 inner xsep=10pt, outer sep=1mm,
                 text width=40mm},
  line/.style = {draw=bluei, line width=1mm,
                 shorten >=1mm, shorten <=1mm,
                 -{Triangle[fill=bluei]}}
                    ]
%1chain
\node[iblock=1.2cm] (info11) {Id1 long 7 chars};
\node[iblock=1.2cm,below=2mm of info11] (info12) {Id2 long 7 chars};
\node[iblock=1.2cm] (info13) {Id3 long 7 chars};
\node[iblock=1.2cm,below=2mm of info13] (info14) {Id4 long 7 chars};
\node[iblock=1.2cm] (info15) {Id5 long 7 chars};
\node[iblock=1.2cm] (info16) {Id6 long 7 chars};
\node[iblock=1.2cm] (info17) {Id7 long 7 chars};
%2 chain
\node[iblock=34mm,right=of info11]
                    (info21) {Text1 long 34 chars};
\node[iblock=34mm,below=2mm of info21] (info22) {Text2 long 34 chars};
\node[iblock=34mm] (info23) {Text3 long 34 chars};
\node[iblock=34mm,below=2mm of info23] (info24) {Text4 long 34 chars};
\node[iblock=34mm] (info25) {Text5 long 34 chars};
\node[iblock=34mm] (info26) {Text6 long 34 chars};
\node[iblock=34mm] (info27) {Text7 long 34 chars};
%
\path[line,densely dotted,-](info12) edge (info13)
                            (info14) edge (info15)
                            (info15) edge (info16)
                            (info16) edge (info17);
%3 chain (lines with labels)
\path[line] (info11) edge node[oblock] {Label 1 long 20 chars} (info21)
            (info12) edge node[oblock] {Label 2 long 20 chars} (info22)
            (info13) edge node[oblock] {Label 3 long 20 chars} (info23)
            (info14) edge node[oblock] {Label 4 long 20 chars} (info24)
            (info15) edge node[oblock] {Label 5 long 20 chars} (info25)
            (info16) edge node[oblock] {Label 6 long 20 chars} (info26)
            (info17) edge node[oblock] {Label 7 long 20 chars} (info27);
% title and arrow
\node[oblock, text width=77mm, minimum height=9mm, align=center,
      above right=7mm and -11mm of info11.north west]
            (title) {Title};
\draw[line, line width=3mm, 
     -{Triangle[fill=bluei,length=3mm,width=6mm]}]
    (title.south -| info11) -- (info11.north);
% comment 1
\node[draw,minimum width=77mm,above=2mm of title] {Comment 1};
% comment 2
\draw[decorate, decoration={brace,raise=1mm,amplitude=2mm},draw=bluei,thick]
    (info21.north west) to node[above=5mm,
                                draw,black,thin,
                                minimum width=42mm,
                                align=left] {Comment 2\\ some more text} (info21.north east);
% comment 3
\draw[decorate, decoration={brace,raise=1mm,amplitude=2mm},draw=bluei,thick]
    (info17.south west) to node[left=5mm,
                                draw,black,thin,
                                text width=19mm,
                                align=left] {Comment 3\\ some more text} (info11.north west);
% comment 4
\path   let \p1 = (info17.west),
            \p2 = (info27.east),
            \n1 = {veclen(\x2-\x1,\y2-\y1)} in

        node[draw,minimum width=\n1,align=left,
             below right=5mm and 0mm of info17.south west] 
        {Comment 4\\ some more text};
\end{tikzpicture}
    \end{document}

该 MWE 给出：

在此处输入图片描述

与您的代码相比我做了以下更改：

  • 我将您的三张 tikz 图片合并为一张。
  • 为了放置蓝色节点，我使用了chainTikZ 库。通过它，代码得到了显著简化。要使用它，我在图片选项中添加 start chain=going below，并在蓝色框的样式（我在中重命名 iblock）中添加选项on chain。
  • 对于花括号，我使用 TikZ 库decorations.pathreplacing。它们的使用是在MWE之后% comment 2和上面的代码中% comment 3
  • 对于箭头，我（重新）定义了样式line。如果您不喜欢缩短线条，只需擦除shorten >即可shorten <。
  • 绿色框由连接蓝色框左列和右列的箭头放置。
  • 标题和评论 1 的框相对于左上角的蓝色框（名为info11）放置
  • 评论 2 和评论 3 的框的位置由花括号决定

如果您需要更多信息、代码/图片是如何组成的或者对它们有一些疑问，请告诉我。

编辑：

  • 添加箭头很简单，所以，如果你从提供的代码中学到一些东西，你应该自己动手。无论如何，为了定位它，我通过中心 info11 节点的（不可见）垂直线与标题节点南侧的水平线的交点确定它的坐标：(title.south -| info11)。箭头基于line样式，线宽和箭头长度和宽度局部改变。

  • 对于注释 4 的框，情况与箭头处相同...但是，我使用更复杂的路线来确定其大小。对于其宽度，我首先测量节点西边界info17与列东边界之间的距离。为此，使用了具有函数和的info12tikz 库calcveclenlet

  • 垂直虚线我将链中的节点分组。首先，我增加它们之间的垂直距离，然后以节点之间的明确距离中断链，这些线不会出现。虚线基于将line实线局部更改为虚线的样式，并且可选择-消除箭头。

就是这样。我希望给出的解释以及提供的代码将帮助您了解 TikZ。当然，您需要阅读 TikZ 手册（至少第 III 部分和有关使用的库的部分），参见此处的示例以及例如TeX示例ETC。

在此处输入图片描述

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