我正在尝试在 64 位 Ubuntu 12.04 上运行 32 位版本的 python。有多种方法可以运行这个特定的二进制文件，但我更感兴趣的是了解导致错误的原因，而不是解决方法。
这是我收到的完整错误：
/build/toolchain/lin32/python-2.7.1/bin/python: error while loading shared libraries: libutil.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
我有一个朋友正在使用相同的系统ldd在他的机器上运行，以查看丢失的确切库路径：
$ ldd /build/toolchain/lin32/python-2.7.1/bin/python
linux-gate.so.1 => (0xf77c5000)
libpthread.so.0 => /lib/i386-linux-gnu/libpthread.so.0 (0xf778e000)
libdl.so.2 => /lib/i386-linux-gnu/libdl.so.2 (0xf7789000)
libutil.so.1 => /lib/i386-linux-gnu/libutil.so.1 (0xf7784000)
libm.so.6 => /lib/i386-linux-gnu/libm.so.6 (0xf7758000)
libc.so.6 => /lib/i386-linux-gnu/libc.so.6 (0xf75ae000)
/lib/ld-linux.so.2 (0xf77c6000)
在我的系统上，对于 libutil.so.1 行，我得到
libutil.so.1 => not found
有趣的是，我的机器上确实有我朋友的相同共享库：
$ ls /lib/i386-linux-gnu/libutil.so.1
/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libutil.so.1
那么如果我有这个库，为什么 python 找不到它呢？
值得注意的是，最新的 python 运行良好，甚至工具链中的 64 位版本的 python 2.7.1 也运行良好。
更新：这是 strace 输出：
$ strace /build/toolchain/lin32/python-2.7.1/bin/python
execve("/build/toolchain/lin32/python-2.7.1/bin/python", ["/build/toolchain/lin32/python-2."...], [/* 46 vars */]) = 0
[ Process PID=6192 runs in 32 bit mode. ]
brk(0) = 0x81b8000
mmap2(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0xfffffffff776d000
access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/etc/ld-mfert.so.cache", O_RDONLY) = 3
fstat64(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=10518, ...}) = 0
mmap2(NULL, 10518, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0xfffffffff776a000
close(3) = 0
open("/opt/McAfee/runtime/2.0/lib/libpthread.so.0", O_RDONLY) = 3
read(3, "\177ELF\1\1\1\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0\3\0\1\0\0\0\200A\0\0004\0\0\0"..., 512) = 512
fstat64(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=60992, ...}) = 0
mmap2(NULL, 332928, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0xfffffffff7718000
mmap2(0xf7726000, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0xd) = 0xfffffffff7726000
mmap2(0xf7728000, 267392, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0xfffffffff7728000
close(3) = 0
open("/opt/McAfee/runtime/2.0/lib/libdl.so.2", O_RDONLY) = 3
read(3, "\177ELF\1\1\1\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0\3\0\1\0\0\0\360\v\0\0004\0\0\0"..., 512) = 512
fstat64(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=9892, ...}) = 0
mmap2(NULL, 12400, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0xfffffffff7714000
mmap2(0xf7716000, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0x1) = 0xfffffffff7716000
close(3) = 0
open("/lib/tls/i686/sse2/libutil.so.1", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
stat64("/lib/tls/i686/sse2", 0xff8a0924) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/lib/tls/i686/libutil.so.1", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
stat64("/lib/tls/i686", 0xff8a0924) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/lib/tls/sse2/libutil.so.1", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
stat64("/lib/tls/sse2", 0xff8a0924) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/lib/tls/libutil.so.1", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
stat64("/lib/tls", 0xff8a0924) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/lib/i686/sse2/libutil.so.1", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
stat64("/lib/i686/sse2", 0xff8a0924) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/lib/i686/libutil.so.1", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
stat64("/lib/i686", 0xff8a0924) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/lib/sse2/libutil.so.1", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
stat64("/lib/sse2", 0xff8a0924) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/lib/libutil.so.1", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
stat64("/lib", {st_mode=S_IFDIR|0755, st_size=4096, ...}) = 0
open("/usr/lib/tls/i686/sse2/libutil.so.1", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
stat64("/usr/lib/tls/i686/sse2", 0xff8a0924) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/usr/lib/tls/i686/libutil.so.1", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
stat64("/usr/lib/tls/i686", 0xff8a0924) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/usr/lib/tls/sse2/libutil.so.1", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
stat64("/usr/lib/tls/sse2", 0xff8a0924) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/usr/lib/tls/libutil.so.1", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
stat64("/usr/lib/tls", 0xff8a0924) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/usr/lib/i686/sse2/libutil.so.1", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
stat64("/usr/lib/i686/sse2", 0xff8a0924) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/usr/lib/i686/libutil.so.1", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
stat64("/usr/lib/i686", 0xff8a0924) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/usr/lib/sse2/libutil.so.1", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
stat64("/usr/lib/sse2", 0xff8a0924) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/usr/lib/libutil.so.1", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
stat64("/usr/lib", {st_mode=S_IFDIR|0755, st_size=36864, ...}) = 0
writev(2, [{"/build/toolchain/lin32/python-2."..., 46}, {": ", 2}, {"error while loading shared libra"..., 36}, {": ", 2}, {"libutil.so.1", 12}, {": ", 2}, {"cannot open shared object file", 30}, {": ", 2}, {"No such file or directory", 25}, {"\n", 1}], 10/build/toolchain/lin32/python-2.7.1/bin/python: error while loading shared libraries: libutil.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
) = 158
exit_group(127) = ?
Gilles 的输出请求：
$ ls -l /lib*/ld-*.so*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 156872 Nov 1 2012 /lib64/ld-2.12.so
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Nov 19 2012 /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 -> ld-2.12.so
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 20 Nov 19 2012 /lib64/ld-lsb-x86-64.so -> ld-linux-x86-64.so.2
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 20 Oct 25 2012 /lib64/ld-lsb-x86-64.so.3 -> ld-linux-x86-64.so.2
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 142472 Nov 1 2012 /lib/ld-2.12.so
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Nov 19 2012 /lib/ld-linux.so.2 -> ld-2.12.so
$ cat /etc/ld.so.conf
include /etc/ld.so.conf.d/*.conf
$ for f in /etc/ld.so.conf.d/*; do echo "File: $f"; cat "$f"; done
File: /etc/ld.so.conf.d/i386-linux-gnu_GL.conf
File: /etc/ld.so.conf.d/i686-linux-gnu.conf
# Multiarch support
/lib/i386-linux-gnu
/usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu
/lib/i686-linux-gnu
/usr/lib/i686-linux-gnu
File: /etc/ld.so.conf.d/libc.conf
# libc default configuration
/usr/local/lib
File: /etc/ld.so.conf.d/nvidia_settings.conf
/usr/lib/nvidia-settings
File: /etc/ld.so.conf.d/x86_64-linux-gnu.conf
# Multiarch support
/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu
File: /etc/ld.so.conf.d/x86_64-linux-gnu_GL.conf
/usr/lib/nvidia-current
/usr/lib32/nvidia-current
File: /etc/ld.so.conf.d/zz_i386-biarch-compat.conf
# Legacy biarch compatibility support
/lib32
/usr/lib32
答案1
使用apt-file：
$ apt-file search libutil.so.1
libc6: /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libutil.so.1
libc6-armel-cross: /usr/arm-linux-gnueabi/lib/libutil.so.1
libc6-armhf-cross: /usr/arm-linux-gnueabihf/lib/libutil.so.1
libc6-i386: /lib32/libutil.so.1
所以安装libc6-i386应该可以解决你的问题。
$ sudo apt-get install libc6-i386
如果仍然不起作用，您可以尝试创建符号链接（之前备份旧文件！）：
$ sudo ln -s /lib32/libutil.so.1 /lib/i386-linux-gnu/libutil.so.1