答案1
您可以使用 Ti钾z'tikzmark
表示:
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{calc,tikzmark}
\begin{document}
\[ \epsilon_i =
\left (
\begin{array}{c}
\vdots \\
0 \tikzmark{lineOne}\\
1 \tikzmark{lineTwo}\\
0 \\
\vdots
\end{array}
\right )
\]
\begin{tikzpicture}[overlay,remember picture]
\node[anchor=west] at ($(pic cs:lineOne)+(.4,.1)$) {\small $\gets (i-1)$-th line};
\node[anchor=west,red] at ($(pic cs:lineTwo)+(.4,.13)$) {\small $\gets i$-th line};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}