我对这幅图有两个疑问:
- 绘图并不居中,如下图所示(参见红线)。
为了将
$\lambda_\mathrm{acc}$
它放置在原来的位置(见图),我预计它的坐标大致位于(0.5,0.5)
;但为什么它却位于(2,0.5)
?\documentclass[11pt,a4paper]{article} \usepackage[T1]{fontenc} \usepackage[utf8]{inputenc} \usepackage[english,italian]{babel} \usepackage{graphicx} \usepackage{caption} \usepackage{amsmath,amssymb,amsthm} \usepackage{tikz} \usetikzlibrary{shapes.arrows} \usepackage[%bindingoffset=1.5cm, left=3cm, right=3cm, top=3cm, bottom=3cm]{geometry} \begin{document} \title{Title} \author{Author} \date{22 dicembre 2015} \maketitle \begin{figure} \centering \begin{tikzpicture} \draw [help lines] (0,0) grid (10,10); \draw [] (0,0) rectangle (6,1); %acciaio \draw [] (0,4.5) rectangle (6,5.5); %piastra impingement \node [text width=3cm,font=\footnotesize] at (2,0.5) {$\lambda_\mathrm{acc}$}; \node [text width=3cm,font=\footnotesize] at (7.6,5) {piastra\\impingement}; \draw [latex-latex] (-0.2,0) -- (-0.2,1) node [black,midway,xshift=-0.4cm]{s\ped{acc}};; \end{tikzpicture} \caption{Distribuzione puntuale di Nusselt per $Re=5000$}\label{fig:Nu_Re5000} \end{figure} \end{document}
完成绘图
\documentclass[11pt,a4paper]{article}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[english,italian]{babel}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{caption}
\usepackage{amsmath,amssymb,amsthm}
\usepackage{xcolor}
\colorlet{ColorPink}{red!10}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{shapes.arrows}
\usetikzlibrary{decorations.pathreplacing} %curly bracket
\usepackage[%bindingoffset=1.5cm,
left=3cm, right=3cm, top=3cm, bottom=3cm]{geometry}
\begin{document}
\title{Title}
\author{Author}
\date{22 dicembre 2015}
\maketitle
\begin{figure}
\centering
\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw [help lines] (0,0) grid (10,10);
\draw [fill=blue!30] (0,0) rectangle (6,1); %acciaio
\draw [fill=blue!15] (0,1) rectangle (6,1.8); %biadesivo
\draw [fill=gray!10] (0,1.8) rectangle (6,2.3); %inconel
\draw [fill=blue!30] (0,4.5) rectangle (6,5.5); %piastra impingement
\draw [fill=white] (2.4,4.5) rectangle (3.6,5.5); %hole
\draw [fill=blue!30] (2.75,-0.4) rectangle (3.15,-0.5); %lens
\draw [fill=blue!30] (2.55,-0.5) rectangle (3.35,-1.5); %camera
\node [text width=3cm,font=\footnotesize] at (7.6,5) {piastra\\impingement};
\node [text width=3cm,font=\footnotesize] at (6,0.5) {acciaio};
\node [text width=3cm,font=\footnotesize] at (6,1.4) {biadesivo};
\node [text width=3cm,font=\footnotesize] at (6,2.05) {inconel};
\node [text width=3cm,font=\footnotesize] at (2,2.05) {$\lambda_\mathrm{inc}$};
\node [text width=3cm,font=\footnotesize] at (2,1.4) {$\lambda_\mathrm{biad}$};
\node [text width=3cm,font=\footnotesize] at (2,0.5) {$\lambda_\mathrm{acc}$};
\node [text width=3cm,font=\footnotesize] at (5,-1) {IR camera};
\node [text width=3cm,font=\small] at (6.8,-1) {$\varepsilon_\mathrm{amb}$};
\node [text width=3cm,font=\small] at (6.5,-0.4) {$\varepsilon_\mathrm{ext}$};
\node [text width=3cm,font=\footnotesize] at (8.1,1.2) {piastra\\target};
\node [text width=3cm,font=\footnotesize] at (5.4,4.2) {getto};
\node [text width=3cm,font=\small] at (6.5,2.5) {$\varepsilon_\mathrm{int}$};
\node [text width=3cm,font=\small] at (6.5,4.2) {$\varepsilon_\mathrm{acc}$};
\node [text width=3cm,font=\small] at (2.6,2.6) {$\dot{q}_\mathrm{joule}$};
\draw [-latex,ultra thick] (1,2.3) -- +(1.1,0);
\node[single arrow,draw=black,fill=blue,minimum height=1cm,minimum width=1cm,shape border rotate=270] at (3,4.5) {}; %freccia blu
\draw [decorate,decoration={brace,amplitude=10pt,mirror,raise=1pt},yshift=10pt] %parentesi graffa
(6.1,-0.3) -- (6.1,1.95) node [black,midway,xshift=0.8cm]{};
\draw [] (0,0) -- (-0.4,0);
\draw [] (0,1) -- (-0.4,1);
\draw [] (0,1.8) -- (-0.4,1.8);
\draw [] (0,2.3) -- (-0.4,2.3);
\draw [latex-latex] (-0.2,0) -- (-0.2,1) node [black,midway,xshift=-0.4cm]{s\ped{acc}};;
\draw [latex-latex] (-0.2,1) -- (-0.2,1.8) node [black,midway,xshift=-0.4cm]{s\ped{biad}};;
\draw [latex-latex] (-0.2,1.8) -- (-0.2,2.3) node [black,midway,xshift=-0.4cm]{s\ped{inc}};;
\end{tikzpicture}
\caption{Distribuzione puntuale di Nusselt per $Re=5000$}\label{fig:Nu_Re5000}
\end{figure}
\end{document}
答案1
1)绘图不居中
嗯,它居中了。问题是你的眼睛希望看到中央框居中,而不是整个边界框,其中包括侧面文本“piastra...”等。要理解这一点,请tikzpicture
用\fbox{....}
: 包裹你的文本,你会看到该框位于页面中央。要解决此问题,你可以使用以下trim right
选项:
\begin{tikzpicture}[trim right=7cm]
它将考虑坐标 (7cm,0) 之后在框外绘制的所有内容。有关修剪和边界框的更多详细信息,请参阅手册。
2)λacc 的坐标似乎不正确
为了调试这个问题,我建议尝试向有问题的节点添加一个绘制选项,以便您看到它们的形状。
\node [draw=red,text width=3cm,font=\footnotesize] at (2,2.05) {$\lambda_\mathrm{inc}$};
\node [draw=red,text width=3cm,font=\footnotesize] at (2,1.4) {$\lambda_\mathrm{biad}$};
\node [draw=red,text width=3cm,font=\footnotesize] at (2,0.5) {$\lambda_\mathrm{acc}$};
我还将在关键坐标处添加一个节点
\node[red] at (2,0.5) {x};
获取
如您所见,节点比需要的宽得多,并且它们所处的坐标是它们的中心。现在一切都说得通了。图片的原作者通过使用 将节点的宽度人为地设置为足够宽的长度来实现这一点text width=3m
。他这样做是为了让节点具有相同的宽度,否则,由于它们位于中心,因此它们不会对齐。
解决对齐问题的更好方法是移除text width
并将放置的参考点设置为锚点west
:
\node [anchor=west,font=\footnotesize] at (.5,2.05) {$\lambda_\mathrm{inc}$};
\node [anchor=west,font=\footnotesize] at (.5,1.4) {$\lambda_\mathrm{biad}$};
\node [anchor=west,font=\footnotesize] at (.5,0.5) {$\lambda_\mathrm{acc}$};
会做需要做的事。
我鼓励您查看手册,了解positioning
放置节点的选项,以及如何设置样式以获得更易于维护的代码。