我需要在表格上添加脚注，如下例所示，取自《物理评论 B》：
由于 Phys. Rev. B 是用 LaTeX 编写的（修订版TeX)，我相信任何课程都应该可以做到这一点。我正在使用 Classic Thesis 和 ArsClassica 包。我已经使用 minipage 实现了非常类似的效果：
\begin{table}
\begin{minipage}{\textwidth}
\centering
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c c c}
\toprule
& $a$ (\si{\angstrom}) & $c/a$ & $u$ & $B_0$ (\si{\giga\pascal}) & $B_0'$ & $E_g$ (\si{\electronvolt})\\
\midrule
GGA & \num{3.126} & \num{1.602} & \num{0.382} & \num{191} & \num{3.67} & \num{4.10}\\
GGA\footnote{\cite{Stampfl1999}.} & \num{3.113} & \num{1.619} & \num{ 0.380} & \num{192} & \num{3.69} & \num{4.25}\\
GGA\footnote{\cite{Zoroddu2001}.} & \num{3.110} & \num{1.606} & \num{0.382} & - & - & - \\
Exp.\footnote{\cite{Stampfl1999}.} & \num{3.111} & \num{1.601} & \num{0.385} & \num{185}-\num{212} & \num{5.7}-\num{6.3}& \num{6.28} \\
Exp.\footnote{\cite{Schulz1977}.} & \num{3.110} & \num{1.601} & \num{0.382} & \num{202} & - & - \\
\bottomrule
\end{tabular}
\end{minipage}
\caption{Caption on top.}
\end{table}
结果如下：
但是，这里你会发现一个大问题：由于我使用了宽度为 的 minipage \textwidth，脚注没有与表格对齐（如示例中所示）。可以实现这种对齐吗？如何实现？
根据 Bernard 的回答，我使用了这个：
\begin{table}
\centering
\begin{threeparttable}
\caption{Comparison of calculated binding energy and bond lengths for \ce{O2} and \ce{N2} with experimental and other theoretical values.}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c}
\toprule
& $E_b^\text{\ce{O2}}$ (\si{\electronvolt}) & $d_\text{\ce{O}-\ce{O}}$ (\si{\angstrom})& $E_b^\text{\ce{N2}}$ (\si{\electronvolt}) & $d_\text{\ce{N}-\ce{N}}$ (\si{\angstrom})\\
\midrule
GGA & \num{-5.855} & \num{1.215} & \num{-10.138} & \num{1.096} \\
GGA\tnote{a}& - & - & \num{-9.867}& \num{1.105}\\
GGA\tnote{b} & - & - & \num{-10.558} & \num{1.113}\\
Exp.\tnote{c} & \num{-5.12} & \num{1.21} & - & - \\
Exp.\tnote{a} & - & - & \num{-9.9}& \num{1.10}\\
\bottomrule
\end{tabular}
\begin{tablenotes}
\item[a] \cite{Stampfl1999}.
\item[b] \cite{Zoroddu2001}.
\item[c] \cite{Wang2008}.
\end{tablenotes}
\end{threeparttable}
\end{table}
然而，在我看来，标题有一个问题，它显然被限制在与表格相同的长度内：
答案1
您可以使用 来实现这一点threeparttable，它定义了一个同名环境和一个tablenotes环境。如果您将标题放在table和threeparttable环境之间，则标题的宽度为textwidth；如果您将其放在里面 threeparttable，它的宽度将是表格的实际宽度：
\documentclass[12pt]{article}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[showframe]{geometry}
\usepackage{booktabs, caption}
\captionsetup{labelfont=sf, width =\textwidth}
\usepackage{siunitx}
\usepackage[flushleft]{threeparttable}
\begin{document}
\begin{table}[!htbp]
\centering
\caption{Caption on top. A long long long and very very silly caption . A long long long and very very silly caption.}
\begin{threeparttable}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c c c}
\toprule
& $a$ (\si{\angstrom}) & $c/a$ & $u$ & $B_0$ (\si{\giga\pascal}) & $B_0'$ & $E_g$ (\si{\electronvolt}) \\
\midrule
GGA & \num{3.126} & \num{1.602} & \num{0.382} & \num{191} & \num{3.67} & \num{4.10} \\
GGA\tnote{a} & \num{3.113} & \num{1.619} & \num{ 0.380} & \num{192} & \num{3.69} & \num{4.25} \\
GGA\tnote{b} & \num{3.110} & \num{1.606} & \num{0.382} & -- & -- & -- \\
Exp.\tnote{c} & \num{3.111} & \num{1.601} & \num{0.385} & \num{185}-\num{212} & \num{5.7}-\num{6.3} & \num{6.28} \\
Exp.\tnote{d} & \num{3.110} & \num{1.601} & \num{0.382} & \num{202} & -- & -- \\
\bottomrule
\end{tabular}
\begin{tablenotes}
\item[a]\cite{Stampfl1999}
\item[b]\cite{Zoroddu2001}
\item[c]\cite{Stampfl1999}
\item[d]\cite{Schulz1977}
\end{tablenotes}
\end{threeparttable}
\label{table2}
\end{table}
\begin{table}[!htbp]
\centering
\begin{threeparttable}
\caption{Caption on top. A long long long and very very silly caption . A long long long and very very silly caption.}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c c c}
\toprule
& $a$ (\si{\angstrom}) & $c/a$ & $u$ & $B_0$ (\si{\giga\pascal}) & $B_0'$ & $E_g$ (\si{\electronvolt}) \\
\midrule
GGA & \num{3.126} & \num{1.602} & \num{0.382} & \num{191} & \num{3.67} & \num{4.10} \\
GGA\tnote{a} & \num{3.113} & \num{1.619} & \num{ 0.380} & \num{192} & \num{3.69} & \num{4.25} \\
GGA\tnote{b} & \num{3.110} & \num{1.606} & \num{0.382} & -- & -- & -- \\
Exp.\tnote{c} & \num{3.111} & \num{1.601} & \num{0.385} & \num{185}-\num{212} & \num{5.7}-\num{6.3} & \num{6.28} \\
Exp.\tnote{d} & \num{3.110} & \num{1.601} & \num{0.382} & \num{202} & -- & -- \\
\bottomrule
\end{tabular}
\begin{tablenotes}
\item[a]\cite{Stampfl1999}
\item[b]\cite{Zoroddu2001}
\item[c]\cite{Stampfl1999}
\item[d]\cite{Schulz1977}
\end{tablenotes}
\end{threeparttable}
\label{table2}
\end{table}
\end{document}
答案2
楼主评论说他喜欢我的回答在图的 \caption 中使用 \footnote，尽管他/她对自动计算宽度感兴趣minipage。这里我展示了如何做到这一点。我将tabular内容放入一个\def以便于调用，然后将其放在一个临时的中\hbox。然后我可以使用\wd0作为minipage宽度，只需tabular使用其中定义的宏调用内容即可。
\documentclass[12pt]{article}
\usepackage{boxhandler}
\begin{document}
This is an alternate way to do a footnote in a table, with the minipage
environment.
\begin{table}[ht]
\def\tblcontent{\footnotesize\begin{tabular}{|l|c|c|}
\hline
Title & Column 1 & Column 2\\
\hline
First Test & 1.234 & 5.389\footnote{\scriptsize This is the
footnote text blah blah blah blahty blah}\\
\hline
Second Test & 3.894 & 1.586~~\\
\hline
\end{tabular}}
\setbox0=\hbox{\tblcontent}
\centering
\caption{Caption goes here}
\begin{minipage}{\wd0} % GUESS (OR CALCULATE) MINIPAGE WIDTH
\renewcommand\footnoterule{} % ELIMINATE LITTLE LINE SEPARATER
\tblcontent
\vspace{-2ex} % SHIFT FOOTNOTE UP
\end{minipage}
\end{table}
\end{document}
