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我需要沿给定的距离均匀分布两个（或更多）节点，参见下面的 MWE：

在此处输入图片描述

\documentclass[tikz]{standalone}
\usetikzlibrary{positioning, calc}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[
    text node/.style={rectangle, draw}
]
    \small

    \begin{scope}
        \node (aa) at (0,0) {};
        \node (ab) at (14,0) {};
        \node (c) [text node, right=of aa] {This is a rather long node with text};
        \node (d) [text node, right=of c] {Short};  
    \end{scope}

    \begin{scope}[shift={(0,-1)}]
        \node (ba) at (0,0) {};
        \node (bb) at (14,0) {};
        \node (c2) [text node] at ($(ba)!0.33!(bb)$) {This is a rather long node with text};
        \node (d2) [text node] at ($(ba)!0.66!(bb)$) {Short};   
    \end{scope}

    \foreach \n in {aa, ab, c, d, ba, bb, c2, d2}
        \draw[red, shift=(\n.center)] plot[mark=x] coordinates{(0,0)};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

当简单地将节点彼此相邻放置时，它们显然会在距离的右侧杂乱无章（第一种情况）。因此，我尝试计算它们沿距离的位置，但由于节点大小不同（第二种情况），这种方法失败了。我如何计算节点的位置，以使它们之间的距离和侧面的距离相等？

答案1

本答案分阶段进行。如果您只想要最终代码，请滚动到底部。

概念验证，也许。请注意，节点始终具有维度，即使它们是空的。因此，您的图片具有误导性，因为您没有显示其他节点所处的节点的边界。但是，如果红色标记是相关点，则必须考虑它们的尺寸，因为它们不在节点的边界上。

\documentclass[tikz,multi,border=10pt]{standalone}
\usetikzlibrary{positioning, calc}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[
  text node/.style={rectangle, draw, inner sep=2.5pt},
  spread two/.code n args=6{%
    \pgfmathsetmacro\firstwidth{width("#3")}%
    \pgfmathsetmacro\secondwidth{width("#5")}%
    \path ($(#6.west)-(#1.east)$) ++(-\firstwidth-\secondwidth-10 pt,0) coordinate (a);
    \node (#2) [text node, anchor=west] at ($(#1.east)+1/3*(a)$) {#3};
    \node (#4) [text node, anchor=east] at ($(#6.west)-1/3*(a)$) {#5};
  },
  ]
  \small
  \node (aa) at (0,0) {};
  \node (ab) at (14,0) {};
  \tikzset{spread two={aa}{c}{This is a rather long node with text}{d}{Short}{ab}}
  \foreach \n in {aa, ab, c, d}
  \draw[red, shift=(\n.center)] plot[mark=x] coordinates{(0,0)};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

概念验证

也许\let语法可能会提供更方便的方法。

更新

可以在一定程度上实现自动化。例如，我们可以获取 的值，inner xsep而不需要对其进行硬编码。（上面我使用了2.5pt。默认值为.3333em。）

\begin{tikzpicture}[
  text node/.style={rectangle, draw},
  spread two/.code n args=6{%
    \pgfmathsetmacro\firstwidth{width("#3")}% 145.58443 pt for testing below (default inner xsep is .3333em)
    \pgfmathsetmacro\secondwidth{width("#5")}% 22.1179 pt
    \path ($(#6.west)-(#1.east)$) ++(-\firstwidth-\secondwidth-4*\pgfkeysvalueof{/pgf/inner xsep},0) coordinate (a);
    \node (#2) [text node, anchor=west] at ($(#1.east)+1/3*(a)$) {#3};
    \node (#4) [text node, anchor=east] at ($(#6.west)-1/3*(a)$) {#5};
  },
  ]
  \small
  \node (aa) at (0,0) {};
  \node (ab) at (14,0) {};
  \tikzset{spread two={aa}{c}{This is a rather long node with text}{d}{Short}{ab}}
  \foreach \n in {aa, ab, c, d}
  \draw[red, shift=(\n.center)] plot[mark=x] coordinates{(0,0)};
\end{tikzpicture}

和以前一样，这给了我们

自动查找所有尺寸

inner xsep[由于我没有另行告知，所以这个版本使用默认值，因此略有不同，但仅此而已。]

下面检查一下它是否按照我们的预期运行：

\begin{tikzpicture}[
  text node/.style={rectangle, draw},
  spread two/.code n args=6{%
    \pgfmathsetmacro\firstwidth{width("#3")}%
    \pgfmathsetmacro\secondwidth{width("#5")}%
    \path ($(#6.west)-(#1.east)$) ++(-\firstwidth-\secondwidth-4*\pgfkeysvalueof{/pgf/inner xsep},0) coordinate (a);
    \node (#2) [text node, anchor=west] at ($(#1.east)+1/3*(a)$) {#3};
    \node (#4) [text node, anchor=east] at ($(#6.west)-1/3*(a)$) {#5};
  },
  ]
  \small
  \node (aa) at (0,0) {};
  \node (ab) at (14,0) {};
  \tikzset{spread two={aa}{c}{This is a rather long node with text}{d}{Short}{ab}}
  \foreach \n in {aa, ab, c, d}
  \draw[red, shift=(\n.center)] plot[mark=x] coordinates{(0,0)};
  \node [red, inner sep=0pt] at (a) {a};
  \path ($(ab.west)-(aa.east)$) ++(-167.7pt,0) ++(-1.3333em,0) node [blue,inner sep=0pt] {a};
  \node [blue, inner sep=0pt] at ($(aa.east)+1/3*(a)$) {x};
  \node [blue, inner sep=0pt] at ($(ab.west)-1/3*(a)$) {x};
  \node [blue, inner sep=0pt, xshift=145.58443pt] at ($(aa.east)+1/3*(a)+(.6667em,0)$) {x};
  \node [blue, inner sep=0pt, xshift=145.58443pt] at ($(aa.east)+2/3*(a)+(.6667em,0)$) {x};
\end{tikzpicture}

这给了我们

安置检查

在我们预期的位置显示蓝色标记。

但是，语法还有待改进。因此，我们可能需要修改 的定义，spread two使其更有意义一些。例如，

\tikzset{%
  text node/.style={rectangle, draw},
  spread two/.code args={#1 and #2 with contents #3 and #4 between #5 and #6}{%
    \pgfmathsetmacro\firstwidth{width("#3")}%
    \pgfmathsetmacro\secondwidth{width("#4")}%
    \path ($(#6.west)-(#5.east)$) ++(-\firstwidth-\secondwidth-4*\pgfkeysvalueof{/pgf/inner xsep},0) coordinate (a);
    \node (#1) [text node, anchor=west] at ($(#5.east)+1/3*(a)$) {#3};
    \node (#2) [text node, anchor=east] at ($(#6.west)-1/3*(a)$) {#4};
  },
}

现在我们可以写

\begin{tikzpicture}\small
  \node (aa) at (0,0) {};
  \node (ab) at (14,0) {};
  \tikzset{spread two=c and d with contents {This is a rather long node with text} and {Short} between aa and ab}
  \foreach \n in {aa, ab, c, d}
  \draw[red, shift=(\n.center)] plot[mark=x] coordinates{(0,0)};
\end{tikzpicture}

生产

更多意义

完整代码：

\documentclass[tikz,multi,border=10pt]{standalone}
\usetikzlibrary{positioning,calc}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[
  text node/.style={rectangle, draw},
  spread two/.code n args=6{%
    \pgfmathsetmacro\firstwidth{width("#3")}% 145.58443 pt for testing below (default inner xsep is .3333em)
    \pgfmathsetmacro\secondwidth{width("#5")}% 22.1179 pt
    \path ($(#6.west)-(#1.east)$) ++(-\firstwidth-\secondwidth-4*\pgfkeysvalueof{/pgf/inner xsep},0) coordinate (a);
    \node (#2) [text node, anchor=west] at ($(#1.east)+1/3*(a)$) {#3};
    \node (#4) [text node, anchor=east] at ($(#6.west)-1/3*(a)$) {#5};
  },
  ]
  \small
  \node (aa) at (0,0) {};
  \node (ab) at (14,0) {};
  \tikzset{spread two={aa}{c}{This is a rather long node with text}{d}{Short}{ab}}
  \foreach \n in {aa, ab, c, d}
  \draw[red, shift=(\n.center)] plot[mark=x] coordinates{(0,0)};
\end{tikzpicture}
\begin{tikzpicture}[
  text node/.style={rectangle, draw},
  spread two/.code n args=6{%
    \pgfmathsetmacro\firstwidth{width("#3")}%
    \pgfmathsetmacro\secondwidth{width("#5")}%
    \path ($(#6.west)-(#1.east)$) ++(-\firstwidth-\secondwidth-4*\pgfkeysvalueof{/pgf/inner xsep},0) coordinate (a);
    \node (#2) [text node, anchor=west] at ($(#1.east)+1/3*(a)$) {#3};
    \node (#4) [text node, anchor=east] at ($(#6.west)-1/3*(a)$) {#5};
  },
  ]
  \small
  \node (aa) at (0,0) {};
  \node (ab) at (14,0) {};
  \tikzset{spread two={aa}{c}{This is a rather long node with text}{d}{Short}{ab}}
  \foreach \n in {aa, ab, c, d}
  \draw[red, shift=(\n.center)] plot[mark=x] coordinates{(0,0)};
  \node [red, inner sep=0pt] at (a) {a};
  \path ($(ab.west)-(aa.east)$) ++(-167.7pt,0) ++(-1.3333em,0) node [blue,inner sep=0pt] {a};
  \node [blue, inner sep=0pt] at ($(aa.east)+1/3*(a)$) {x};
  \node [blue, inner sep=0pt] at ($(ab.west)-1/3*(a)$) {x};
  \node [blue, inner sep=0pt, xshift=145.58443pt] at ($(aa.east)+1/3*(a)+(.6667em,0)$) {x};
  \node [blue, inner sep=0pt, xshift=145.58443pt] at ($(aa.east)+2/3*(a)+(.6667em,0)$) {x};
\end{tikzpicture}
\tikzset{%
  text node/.style={rectangle, draw},
  spread two/.code args={#1 and #2 with contents #3 and #4 between #5 and #6}{%
    \pgfmathsetmacro\firstwidth{width("#3")}%
    \pgfmathsetmacro\secondwidth{width("#4")}%
    \path ($(#6.west)-(#5.east)$) ++(-\firstwidth-\secondwidth-4*\pgfkeysvalueof{/pgf/inner xsep},0) coordinate (a);
    \node (#1) [text node, anchor=west] at ($(#5.east)+1/3*(a)$) {#3};
    \node (#2) [text node, anchor=east] at ($(#6.west)-1/3*(a)$) {#4};
  },
}
\begin{tikzpicture}\small
  \node (aa) at (0,0) {};
  \node (ab) at (14,0) {};
  \tikzset{spread two=c and d with contents {This is a rather long node with text} and {Short} between aa and ab}
  \foreach \n in {aa, ab, c, d}
  \draw[red, shift=(\n.center)] plot[mark=x] coordinates{(0,0)};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

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