我正在用 LateX 写一本西班牙语的书，但在处理西班牙语重音符号 ¿ 和 ¡ 时遇到了一些问题。这是我的序言，抱歉，它很长：
\documentclass[10pt,a4paper,twoside=true,headinclude,footinclude,headsepline,footsepline,footlines=2,headlines=2]{scrreprt}
\usepackage{scrlayer-scrpage}
\usepackage{showframe}
\usepackage{geometry}
\geometry{tmargin=2.5cm,bmargin=2.5cm,lmargin=2cm,rmargin=2cm}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[spanish,es-nodecimaldot]{babel}
\addto\shorthandsspanish{\spanishdeactivate{~<>}}
\spanishdecimal{.}
\setcounter{secnumdepth}{3}
\setcounter{tocdepth}{3}
\usepackage{units}
\usepackage{amsthm}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{scrhack}
\usepackage{nicefrac}
\usepackage{units}
\usepackage{setspace}
\PassOptionsToPackage{normalem}{ulem}
\usepackage{ulem}
\doublespacing
\usepackage{enumerate}
\usepackage[osf]{mathpazo}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{color,xcolor}
\usepackage[most]{tcolorbox}
\tcbuselibrary{theorems}
\usepackage{tikz, pgf, pgfplots}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows,backgrounds,plotmarks,shapes.geometric,calc}
%\usepgfplotslibrary{external}
%\tikzexternalize
%\tikzset{external/force remake}
\pgfplotsset{width=7cm,compat=newest}
\pgfplotsset{plot coordinates/math parser=false}
\makeatletter
\renewcommand*\l@tcolorbox{\@dottedtocline{1}{1.5em}{3.0em}}
\makeatother
\tcbset {
teoestilo/.style={
shadow={2mm}{-1mm}{0mm}{black!50!white},
colback=gray!20!white,
coltext=black,
coltitle=white,
enlarge top by=\baselineskip/2+1mm,
enlarge top at break by=0mm,
pad at break=2mm,
fonttitle=\bfseries\large,
fontupper=\normalsize,
enhanced,
colframe=black,
boxrule=1pt,
arc=2mm,
breakable,
top=2mm,
toptitle=1mm,
bottomtitle=1mm,
before=\vskip18pt,
separator sign ={\ $\blacktriangleright$}
},
}
\newtcbtheorem[auto counter, number within=section,list inside=thm]{teorema}%
{Teorema}{teoestilo}{th}
\newtcbtheorem[auto counter, number within=section,list inside=thm]{definicion}%
{Definicion}{teoestilo}{def}
\newtcbtheorem[auto counter, number within=section,list inside=ej]{ejercicio}%
{Ejercicio}{teoestilo}{ejer}
\newtcbtheorem[auto counter, number within=section,list inside=thm]{corolario}%
{Corolario}{teoestilo}{coro}
\newtcbtheorem[auto counter, number within=section,list inside=ej]{ejemplo}%
{Ejemplo}{teoestilo}{ejem}
\newtcbtheorem[auto counter, number within=section,list inside=thm]{nota}%
{Nota}{teoestilo}{not}
\newtcbtheorem[auto counter, number within=section,list inside=thm]{propo}%
{Proposición}{teoestilo}{prop}
\definecolor{mymauve}{rgb}{0.58,0,0.82}
\definecolor{mygreen}{rgb}{0,0.6,0}
\usepackage{upquote}
\usepackage{caption}
\usepackage{listings}
\lstset{
backgroundcolor=\color{yellow!50!white},
basicstyle=\small\ttfamily, % the size of the fonts that are used for the code
breakatwhitespace=false, % sets if automatic breaks should only happen at whitespace
breaklines=true, % sets automatic line breaking
captionpos=b, % sets the caption-position to bottom
commentstyle=\color{mygreen}, % comment style
deletekeywords={...}, % if you want to delete keywords from the given language
escapeinside={\%*}{*)}, % if you want to add LaTeX within your code
frame=single,
framerule=0pt,
aboveskip=1cm,
framextopmargin=0pt,
framexbottommargin=0pt,
framexleftmargin=0pt,
framexrightmargin=0pt,
framesep=0pt,
rulesep=0pt,
keepspaces=true,
columns=fixed,
keywordstyle=\bfseries\color{blue}, % keyword style
language=Python, % the language of the code
morekeywords={ValueError, np, empty, sign, append},
numbers=none, % where to put the line-numbers; possible values are (none, left, right)
numbersep=0pt, % how far the line-numbers are from the code
numberstyle=\small\color{red}, % the style that is used for the line-numbers
rulesepcolor=\color{red}, % if not set, the frame-color may be changed on line-breaks within not-black text (e.g. comments (green here))
numberfirstline = false,
showspaces=false, % show spaces everywhere adding particular underscores; it overrides 'showstringspaces'
showstringspaces=false, % underline spaces within strings only
showtabs=false, % show tabs within strings adding particular underscores
stepnumber=1, % the step between two line-numbers. If it's 1, each line will be numbered
stringstyle=\ttfamily\color{mymauve}, % string literal style
tabsize=4, % sets default tabsize to 2 spaces
}
% minimizar fragmentado de listados
\lstnewenvironment{listing}[1][]
{\lstset{#1}\pagebreak[0]}{\pagebreak[0]}
\newlength\figureheight
\newlength\figurewidth
\usepackage{icomma}
\usepackage{endnotes}
\usepackage{fancyvrb}
\date {}
\addtokomafont{pageheadfoot}{\slshape}
\addtokomafont{pagehead}{\small}
\addtokomafont{pagefoot}{\small}
\chead{\MakeUppercase{\chaptername} \ \thechapter}
\ihead{\thepage}
\ifoot{RESOLUCIÓN ECUACIONES}
\usepackage{helvet}
%Helvética
\newcommand{\helv}{\fontfamily{phv}\fontsize{9}{11}\selectfont}
% Referencias - Enlaces
\usepackage[colorlinks=true,linkcolor=blue,citecolor=blue, urlcolor=blue, unicode=true]{hyperref}
\captionsetup{font=small,format=plain,parskip=1pt,justification=centering}
\captionsetup[figure]{font=small,format=plain,parskip=1pt,justification=centering}
\renewcommand{\thefigure}{\arabic {figure}}
\renewcommand\thefootnote{\textcolor{blue}{\arabic{footnote}}}
\usepackage[super,sort]{natbib}
\usepackage{Capitulo}
\usepackage{TituloSeccionesSubsecciones}
\def\max{\mathop{\mbox{\rm máx}}} % máximo
\def\min{\mathop{\mbox{\rm mín}}} % mínimo
\newcommand{\resol}{\fcolorbox{blue!80!white}{blue!30!white}}
%\usepackage[spanish,es-nodecimaldot,activeacute]{babel}
\title{Resolución De Ecuaciones Con Python 3}
\titlehead{RESOLUCIÓN DE ECUACIONES}
\subtitle{Métodos Iterativos}
\author{Cristóbal López Silla - Licenciado en Matemáticas.}
\dedication{A mis padres y mi hermano.}
\begin{document}
\maketitle
\tableofcontents{}
\listoffigures{}
\newpage{}
\tcblistof[\section*]{thm}{Listado de Teoremas, Proposiciones, Corolarios Y Definiciones}
\newpage{}
\tcblistof[\section*]{ej}{Listado Ejercicios y Ejemplos}
我正在使用 LuaLatex 进行编译。这是我的 pdf 的图像，错误用黄色标记：
编辑 好的，书签中的重音问题解决了，这要感谢下面有人的评论。但是当我在代码中输入¿¡时，下面的文本中出现了奇怪的符号。使用 LualateX 我收到此警告消息：
W：d:/texlive/2015/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/inputenc.sty:0 inputenc 包被基于 utf8 的引擎忽略。
请查看上面的图片。
答案1
免责声明：我根本无法重现这个问题。问题的示例太大了，甚至没有显示图像的输出。更糟糕的是，它会加载私有的不可用包。
这个问题被标记为路特克斯，但示例文件中根本没有提示使用了这个引擎。相反，fontenc带有 encodingT1和inputencwith 的包utf8强烈暗示使用了另一个 8 位引擎，例如 pdfTeX。这两个包对于 LuaLaTeX 来说都是弃用的。
这里有一个带重音字母的示例，有或没有 LuaTeX。此外，特殊符号¿和¡在 中也受支持hyperref，可以以 UTF-8 输入，也可以通过连字形式?`和!`输入。书签通常不支持连字，因为 TeX 引擎的字体机制在那里不可用。因此，在 的书签处理中有代码来hyperref支持一些连字，包括¿和¡。
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{ifluatex}
\ifluatex
\usepackage{fontspec}
\else
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\fi
\usepackage[spanish]{babel}
\usepackage[
pdfencoding=auto,
colorlinks,
pdfusetitle, % copy \title{...} and \author{...} to PDF information entries
]{hyperref}[2011/02/05]% provides option `addcolors`
\hypersetup{
allcolors=blue,
}
\usepackage{bookmark}
\bookmarksetup{numbered}
\begin{document}
\title{Resolución De Ecuaciones Con Python 3}
\author{Cristóbal López Silla - Licenciado en Matemáticas.}
\maketitle
\section{RESOLUCIÓN ECUACIONES}
\section{Helvética}
\section{UTF-8: ¿ ¡, ligatures: ?` !`}
\end{document}
答案2
好的，我已经使用 LuateX 和 Mathpazo 和 Helvet 字体解决了 ¿ 和 ¡ 的问题。解决方案非常简单： 对于 ¿ 符号：
\textquestiondown
对于 ¡ 符号：
\textexclamdown
就这样