缩放“pgfplots”中的轴来绘制平方根函数

2024-5-23 • tag-icon

缩放“pgfplots”中的轴来绘制平方根函数

这段代码有什么问题。我用unit vector ratio={2 1}它来更好地可视化平方根函数和立方根函数。

\documentclass{amsart}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{amsfonts}

\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{calc,positioning,intersections}

\usepackage{pgfplots}
\pgfplotsset{compat=1.11}

\begin{document}

\noindent \hspace*{\fill}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{axis}[height=4.5in,width=4.5in, clip=false,
    unit vector ratio={2 1},
    xmin=-100,xmax=100,
    ymin=-5,ymax=10,
    restrict y to domain=-5:10,
    xtick={\empty},ytick={\empty},
    enlargelimits={abs=1cm},
    axis lines=middle,
    axis line style={latex-latex},
    xlabel=$x$,ylabel=$y$,
    xlabel style={at={(ticklabel* cs:1)},anchor=north west},
    ylabel style={at={(ticklabel* cs:1)},anchor=south west}
    ]

\addplot[samples=501, domain=0:100, blue] {x^(1/2)} node[anchor=north west, pos=0.75, font=\footnotesize]{$y = \sqrt{x}$};
\addplot[samples=501, domain=-100:0, green] {-(-x)^(1/3)}
node[anchor=south east, pos=0.25, font=\footnotesize]{$y = \sqrt[\uproot{1} \leftroot{-1} n]{x}$};
\addplot[samples=501, domain=0:100, green] {x^(1/3)};

\end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture}

\end{document}

答案1

unit vector ratio={2 1}-方向的单位向量是x-方向单位向量的两倍y。但是您的图中 y 方向只有 15 个单位，而-方向有 200 个单位x。因此，如果y-轴应为 1cm 长，则x-轴必须为 1cm*(200/15)*2=26.7cm 长！

我建议使用类似的unit vector ratio={1 4} 东西

代码：

\documentclass{amsart}
\usepackage{pgfplots}
\pgfplotsset{compat=1.11}

\begin{document}
\noindent \hspace*{\fill}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{axis}[height=4.5in,width=4.5in, clip=false,
    unit vector ratio={1 4},
    xmin=-100,xmax=100,
    ymin=-5,ymax=10,
    restrict y to domain=-5:10,
    xtick={\empty},ytick={\empty},
    enlargelimits={abs=1cm},
    axis lines=middle,
    axis line style={latex-latex},
    xlabel=$x$,ylabel=$y$,
    xlabel style={at={(ticklabel* cs:1)},anchor=north west},
    ylabel style={at={(ticklabel* cs:1)},anchor=south west}
    ]
\addplot[samples=501, domain=0:100, blue] {x^(1/2)} node[anchor=north west, pos=0.75, font=\footnotesize]{$y = \sqrt{x}$};
\addplot[samples=501, domain=-100:0, green] {-(-x)^(1/3)}
node[anchor=south east, pos=0.25, font=\footnotesize]{$y = \sqrt[\uproot{1} \leftroot{-1} n]{x}$};
\addplot[samples=501, domain=0:100, green] {x^(1/3)};
\end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

因为评论里有这样的疑问：

设置width=4.5in和height=4.5in。如果不设置unit vector ratio，ymin则ymax得到一个正方形

\begin{axis}[height=4.5in,width=4.5in, clip=false,
    %unit vector ratio={1 4},
    xmin=-100,xmax=100,
    %ymin=-5,ymax=10,
    %restrict y to domain=-5:10,
    %xtick={\empty},ytick={\empty},
    ...
    ]

随着轴unit vector ratio={1 4}的缩放y发生变化，但你仍然有一个正方形

\begin{axis}[height=4.5in,width=4.5in, clip=false,
    unit vector ratio={1 4},
    xmin=-100,xmax=100,
    %ymin=-5,ymax=10,
    %restrict y to domain=-5:10,
    %xtick={\empty},ytick={\empty},
    ...
    ]

但是随后您y使用ymin和限制了显示的范围，ymax因此轴的高度y就会降低。

\begin{axis}[height=4.5in,width=4.5in, clip=false,
    %unit vector ratio={1 4},
    xmin=-100,xmax=100,
    ymin=-5,ymax=10,
    %restrict y to domain=-5:10,
    %xtick={\empty},ytick={\empty},
    ...
    ]

答案2

给定的代码给出了预期的结果。主要问题是您缩放了错误的参数，因此挤压了错误的轴。

此外，您还提供了width，height以及所有轴限制（即xmin，xmax，ymin和ymax），所以问题是，哪个具有更高的执行优先级，或者它取决于给定的键的顺序。

以下是简化的代码，显示一切按预期运行。希望这有助于根据您的需要修改代码，但我无法再为您提供帮助，因为您的问题相当“模糊”。

\documentclass[border=2mm]{standalone}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{tikz}
    \usetikzlibrary{calc,positioning,intersections}
\usepackage{pgfplots}
    \pgfplotsset{compat=1.11}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
        % define a scaling factor for `unit vector ratio'
        \pgfmathsetmacro{\factor}{10}
        % define a lenght to draw in y direction for testing, 
        % if `unit vector ratio' is working as expected
        \pgfmathsetmacro{\Ydirection}{5}
    \begin{axis}[
        clip=false,
        unit vector ratio={1 \factor},
        restrict y to domain=-5:10,
        xlabel=$x$,ylabel=$y$,
    ]
        \addplot[samples=51, domain=0:100, blue] {x^(1/2)}
            node[anchor=north west, pos=0.75, font=\footnotesize]
                {$y = \sqrt{x}$};
        \addplot[samples=51, domain=0:100, green] {x^(1/3)};

        % draw some lines for testing, if the `unit vector ratio' is
        % working as expected and save the beginning and ending coordinates
        \draw [red] (0,0) -- +(axis direction cs: \factor*\Ydirection,0)
            coordinate [pos=0] (origin)
            coordinate [pos=1] (x)
        ;
        \draw [red] (0,0) -- +(axis direction cs: 0,\Ydirection)
            coordinate [pos=1] (y)
        ;
    \end{axis}
    \path   let
                % calculate "dummy" coordinates giving the coordinates
                % of the difference between the points
                % (because the one is at the origin it should give
                %  the same values as the first coordinate)
                \p1 = ($ (x) - (origin) $),
                \p2 = ($ (y) - (origin) $),
                % calculate the vector lengths of the "dummy points"
                \n1 = {veclen(\x1,\y1)},
                \n2 = {veclen(\x2,\y2)}
            in
                % plot the calculated length of the vectors, which should
                % be identical (if there are no rounding errors)
                node [anchor=west]  at (x) {\n1}
                node [anchor=south] at (y) {\n2}
    ;
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

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