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我怎样才能使这条长电路居中？

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我怎样才能使这条长电路居中？

我很难将这个长电路居中。我缩放了它，这样它就不会超出页面，但我一直找不到让它居中的方法。我尝试调整此相关文章中使用的解决方案这里但没有成功。任何帮助都将不胜感激。我也欢迎任何关于改进电路编码的建议。

` %%截至 2016 年 3 月 25 日的完整电路

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[siunitx,american]{circuitikz}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{patterns}
\tikzstyle{every path}=[line width=1.0pt,line cap=round,line join=round]
\pagestyle{empty}
\begin{document}
\begin{figure}
\centering
\scalebox{0.5}{
\begin{circuitikz}
%Shortcuts for fast coordinate snapping
    \def\shx{(1,0)}
    \def\shxn{(-1,0)}
    \def\shy{(0,1)}
    \def\shyn{(0,-1)}
    \def\un{2}
    \def\unx{(2,0)}
    \def\unxn{(-2,0)}
    \def\uny{(0,2)}
    \def\unyn{(0,-2)}
    \def\va{(-20,2.5)}
    \def\vb{(-20,-1.5)}
\draw %low pass filter upper ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\va
    to[open,v_=-15$V$,o-o,color=green]++\unyn
        node[ground] {} %{GND}
\va
    to[vR,l=10<\kilo\ohm>]++\unx
    --++(5,0)
        node[above] {$V$= -4$V$}
    --++\unyn
    to[R,l=10<\kilo\ohm>]++\unx coordinate (A)% creates an on the fly reference point for later
;

\draw % low pass filter lower ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\vb
    to[sqV,color=green,l_=PWM 0 $to$ 100\%,o-]++\unx
    to[R,l=10<\kilo\ohm>]++\unx coordinate(N2)
    to[C,l_=10<\micro\farad>]++(0,-1.5)
        node[ground] {} %{GND}
;

\draw %uniter gain buffer lower ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\vb++(6,-0.5)
    node [op amp,yscale=-1] (opamp) {}
    node {741}
(opamp.+)
    node[ above ] {3}
(opamp.-)
    node[ above ] {2}
(opamp.up)
    node[ below right ] {7}
    to [ short, -o ] ++(0,-0.5)
    node[below] {+15$V$}
(opamp.down)
    node[ above right ] {4}
    to [ short, -o ]++(0,0.5)
    node[above] {-15$V$}
(opamp.out)
    node[ right ] {6}
(opamp.+)
    to[short](N2)
(opamp.-)
    |-++\shyn
    to[short]++\unx
    -|(opamp.out)
    to[short]++(0,1.5)
    to[R,l=10<\kilo\ohm>]++\unx coordinate (B)% creates an on the fly reference point for later

;
\draw %V1 resistor  attached to difference --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(A)++\unx++(0,-0.5)% uses the reference here
    node [op amp] (opamp) {}
    node {741}
(opamp.+)
    node[ above ] {3}
(opamp.-)
    node[ above ] {2}
(opamp.up)
    node[ above right ] {7}
    to [ short, -o ] ++(0,0.5)
    node[above] {+15$V$}
(opamp.down)
    node[ below right ] {4}
    to [ short, -o ]++(0,-0.5)
    node[below] {-15$V$}
(opamp.out)
    node[ right ] {6}

(opamp.-)
    to[short](A)
    |-++(0,1.5)
    to[R,l=10<\kilo\ohm>]++\unx
    -|(opamp.out) coordinate (vbt)
    to[short]++(0,-1)
    to[short]++(1,0) coordinate (ProbeVbt) %probe point for branching of two probes
    to[short]++(1.5,0) coordinate(PhotoDiode+)
(opamp.+)
    to[short](B)
    to[R,l=10<\kilo\ohm>]++\unyn
        node[ground] {} %{GND}
;
\draw % VBT probing node structure ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(ProbeVbt)
    node[ below ] {$V_{B}$}
    to[short]++(0,7) coordinate (VBTProbeTop)
    to[R,l=1<\kilo\ohm>]++\unxn
++\unyn
    node[ground] {} %{GND}
    to[D*,l=$1N4148$]++\uny

(VBTProbeTop)++\unxn
    --++\unxn
    to[open,v_=$V_{B_{1}}$,o-o,color=red]++\unyn
        node[ground] {} %{GND}
;
\draw %Inverting unity and current safety for VB's -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(VBTProbeTop)++(2,-0.5)
    node [op amp] (opamp) {}
    node {741}
(opamp.+)
    node[ above ] {3}
(opamp.-)
    node[ below ] {2}
(opamp.up)
    node[ above right ] {7}
    to [ short, -o ] ++(0,0.5)
    node[above] {+15$V$}
(opamp.down)
    node[ below right ] {4}
    to [ short, -o ]++(0,-0.5)
    node[below] {-15$V$}
(opamp.out)
    node[ below ] {6}

(opamp.-)
    --(VBTProbeTop)
(opamp.-)
    |-++\shy
    to[short]++\unx
    -|(opamp.out)
(opamp.+)
    --++\shyn
        node[ground] {} %{GND}
(opamp.out)
    to[R,l=1   <\kilo\ohm>]++\unx coordinate(D)
    --++\shx
    to[open,v^=$V_{B_{2}}$,o-o,color=red]++\unyn
        node[ground] {} %{GND}
;
\draw %photodiode ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(PhotoDiode+)
    to[pD,mirror,l_=$D_{P}$]++\uny coordinate (PhotoDiode-)
;
\draw %current amplifier ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(vbt)++\unx++\unx++\shx
    node [op amp] (opamp) {}
    node {741}
(opamp.+)
    node[ left ] {3}
(opamp.-)
    node[ left ] {2}
(opamp.up)
    node[ above right ] {7}
    to [ short, -o ] ++(0,0.5)
    node[above] {+15$V$}
(opamp.down)
    node[ below right ] {4}
    to [ short, -o ]++(0,-0.5)
    node[below] {-15$V$}
(opamp.out)
    node[ below ] {6}

(opamp.+)
    to[short]++(0,-0.5) coordinate(C)
    to[short](PhotoDiode+)
(C)
    to[short]++\unyn
    to[R,l=650<\ohm>]++\unx
    to[vR,l=1<\kilo\ohm>]++\unyn
        node[ground] {}
(opamp.-)
    to[short]++(0,0.5) coordinate(D)
    to[short](PhotoDiode-)
(D)
    |-++\shy
    to[R,l=1.33<\kilo\ohm>]++\unx
    -|(opamp.out) coordinate (vc)
;

\draw % VIT probing node structure ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(vc)
    --++(7,0) coordinate (VITProbeBottom)
(VITProbeBottom)
    node[ below ] {$V_{I}$}
    to[short]++(0,5.5) coordinate (VITProbeTop)
    to[R,l=1<\kilo\ohm>]++\unxn
++\unyn
    node[ground] {} %{GND}
    to[D*,l=$1N4148$]++\uny

(VITProbeTop)++\unxn
    --++\unxn
    to[open,v_=$V_{I_{1}}$,o-o,color=red]++\unyn
        node[ground] {} %{GND}
;
\draw %Inverting unity and current safety for Vi2 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(VITProbeTop)++(2,-0.5)
    node [op amp] (opamp) {}
    node {741}
(opamp.+)
    node[ above ] {3}
(opamp.-)
    node[ below ] {2}
(opamp.up)
    node[ above right ] {7}
    to [ short, -o ] ++(0,0.5)
    node[above] {+15$V$}
(opamp.down)
    node[ below right ] {4}
    to [ short, -o ]++(0,-0.5)
    node[below] {-15$V$}
(opamp.out)
    node[ below ] {6}

(opamp.-)
    --(VITProbeTop)
(opamp.-)
    |-++\shy
    to[short]++\unx
    -|(opamp.out)
(opamp.+)
    --++\shyn
        node[ground] {} %{GND}
(opamp.out)
    to[R,l=1   <\kilo\ohm>]++\unx coordinate(E)
    --++\shx
    to[open,v^=$V_{I_{2}}$,o-o,color=red]++\unyn
        node[ground] {} %{GND}
;

\end{circuitikz}
}
\caption{Photo Diode Circuit as of Mar 26,16}\label{DiodeC}
\end{figure}
\end{document}

在此处输入图片描述`

答案1

问题在于，电路对于文本块来说太宽了，尽管对于纸张来说并不太宽。一种选择是缩放电路以适合文本块。另一种方法是使用诸如 之类的包changepage暂时减少边距，从而加宽文本块。

但是，如果你确定图表合适，并准备亲自检查输出以确保没有发生任何异常，另一种选择是简单地向 LaTeX 谎报电路的宽度。如果我们告诉 LaTeX 电路很0pt宽，那么它将正确居中：

中心电路

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[siunitx,american]{circuitikz}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{patterns}
\tikzstyle{every path}=[line width=1.0pt,line cap=round,line join=round]
\pagestyle{empty}
\begin{document}
\begin{figure}
\centering
\makebox[0pt]{%
\scalebox{0.5}{%
\begin{circuitikz}
%Shortcuts for fast coordinate snapping
    \def\shx{(1,0)}
    \def\shxn{(-1,0)}
    \def\shy{(0,1)}
    \def\shyn{(0,-1)}
    \def\un{2}
    \def\unx{(2,0)}
    \def\unxn{(-2,0)}
    \def\uny{(0,2)}
    \def\unyn{(0,-2)}
    \def\va{(-20,2.5)}
    \def\vb{(-20,-1.5)}
\draw %low pass filter upper ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\va
    to[open,v_=-15$V$,o-o,color=green]++\unyn
        node[ground] {} %{GND}
\va
    to[vR,l=10<\kilo\ohm>]++\unx
    --++(5,0)
        node[above] {$V$= -4$V$}
    --++\unyn
    to[R,l=10<\kilo\ohm>]++\unx coordinate (A)% creates an on the fly reference point for later
;

\draw % low pass filter lower ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\vb
    to[sqV,color=green,l_=PWM 0 $to$ 100\%,o-]++\unx
    to[R,l=10<\kilo\ohm>]++\unx coordinate(N2)
    to[C,l_=10<\micro\farad>]++(0,-1.5)
        node[ground] {} %{GND}
;

\draw %uniter gain buffer lower ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\vb++(6,-0.5)
    node [op amp,yscale=-1] (opamp) {}
    node {741}
(opamp.+)
    node[ above ] {3}
(opamp.-)
    node[ above ] {2}
(opamp.up)
    node[ below right ] {7}
    to [ short, -o ] ++(0,-0.5)
    node[below] {+15$V$}
(opamp.down)
    node[ above right ] {4}
    to [ short, -o ]++(0,0.5)
    node[above] {-15$V$}
(opamp.out)
    node[ right ] {6}
(opamp.+)
    to[short](N2)
(opamp.-)
    |-++\shyn
    to[short]++\unx
    -|(opamp.out)
    to[short]++(0,1.5)
    to[R,l=10<\kilo\ohm>]++\unx coordinate (B)% creates an on the fly reference point for later

;
\draw %V1 resistor  attached to difference --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(A)++\unx++(0,-0.5)% uses the reference here
    node [op amp] (opamp) {}
    node {741}
(opamp.+)
    node[ above ] {3}
(opamp.-)
    node[ above ] {2}
(opamp.up)
    node[ above right ] {7}
    to [ short, -o ] ++(0,0.5)
    node[above] {+15$V$}
(opamp.down)
    node[ below right ] {4}
    to [ short, -o ]++(0,-0.5)
    node[below] {-15$V$}
(opamp.out)
    node[ right ] {6}

(opamp.-)
    to[short](A)
    |-++(0,1.5)
    to[R,l=10<\kilo\ohm>]++\unx
    -|(opamp.out) coordinate (vbt)
    to[short]++(0,-1)
    to[short]++(1,0) coordinate (ProbeVbt) %probe point for branching of two probes
    to[short]++(1.5,0) coordinate(PhotoDiode+)
(opamp.+)
    to[short](B)
    to[R,l=10<\kilo\ohm>]++\unyn
        node[ground] {} %{GND}
;
\draw % VBT probing node structure ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(ProbeVbt)
    node[ below ] {$V_{B}$}
    to[short]++(0,7) coordinate (VBTProbeTop)
    to[R,l=1<\kilo\ohm>]++\unxn
++\unyn
    node[ground] {} %{GND}
    to[D*,l=$1N4148$]++\uny

(VBTProbeTop)++\unxn
    --++\unxn
    to[open,v_=$V_{B_{1}}$,o-o,color=red]++\unyn
        node[ground] {} %{GND}
;
\draw %Inverting unity and current safety for VB's -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(VBTProbeTop)++(2,-0.5)
    node [op amp] (opamp) {}
    node {741}
(opamp.+)
    node[ above ] {3}
(opamp.-)
    node[ below ] {2}
(opamp.up)
    node[ above right ] {7}
    to [ short, -o ] ++(0,0.5)
    node[above] {+15$V$}
(opamp.down)
    node[ below right ] {4}
    to [ short, -o ]++(0,-0.5)
    node[below] {-15$V$}
(opamp.out)
    node[ below ] {6}

(opamp.-)
    --(VBTProbeTop)
(opamp.-)
    |-++\shy
    to[short]++\unx
    -|(opamp.out)
(opamp.+)
    --++\shyn
        node[ground] {} %{GND}
(opamp.out)
    to[R,l=1   <\kilo\ohm>]++\unx coordinate(D)
    --++\shx
    to[open,v^=$V_{B_{2}}$,o-o,color=red]++\unyn
        node[ground] {} %{GND}
;
\draw %photodiode ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(PhotoDiode+)
    to[pD,mirror,l_=$D_{P}$]++\uny coordinate (PhotoDiode-)
;
\draw %current amplifier ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(vbt)++\unx++\unx++\shx
    node [op amp] (opamp) {}
    node {741}
(opamp.+)
    node[ left ] {3}
(opamp.-)
    node[ left ] {2}
(opamp.up)
    node[ above right ] {7}
    to [ short, -o ] ++(0,0.5)
    node[above] {+15$V$}
(opamp.down)
    node[ below right ] {4}
    to [ short, -o ]++(0,-0.5)
    node[below] {-15$V$}
(opamp.out)
    node[ below ] {6}

(opamp.+)
    to[short]++(0,-0.5) coordinate(C)
    to[short](PhotoDiode+)
(C)
    to[short]++\unyn
    to[R,l=650<\ohm>]++\unx
    to[vR,l=1<\kilo\ohm>]++\unyn
        node[ground] {}
(opamp.-)
    to[short]++(0,0.5) coordinate(D)
    to[short](PhotoDiode-)
(D)
    |-++\shy
    to[R,l=1.33<\kilo\ohm>]++\unx
    -|(opamp.out) coordinate (vc)
;

\draw % VIT probing node structure ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(vc)
    --++(7,0) coordinate (VITProbeBottom)
(VITProbeBottom)
    node[ below ] {$V_{I}$}
    to[short]++(0,5.5) coordinate (VITProbeTop)
    to[R,l=1<\kilo\ohm>]++\unxn
++\unyn
    node[ground] {} %{GND}
    to[D*,l=$1N4148$]++\uny

(VITProbeTop)++\unxn
    --++\unxn
    to[open,v_=$V_{I_{1}}$,o-o,color=red]++\unyn
        node[ground] {} %{GND}
;
\draw %Inverting unity and current safety for Vi2 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(VITProbeTop)++(2,-0.5)
    node [op amp] (opamp) {}
    node {741}
(opamp.+)
    node[ above ] {3}
(opamp.-)
    node[ below ] {2}
(opamp.up)
    node[ above right ] {7}
    to [ short, -o ] ++(0,0.5)
    node[above] {+15$V$}
(opamp.down)
    node[ below right ] {4}
    to [ short, -o ]++(0,-0.5)
    node[below] {-15$V$}
(opamp.out)
    node[ below ] {6}

(opamp.-)
    --(VITProbeTop)
(opamp.-)
    |-++\shy
    to[short]++\unx
    -|(opamp.out)
(opamp.+)
    --++\shyn
        node[ground] {} %{GND}
(opamp.out)
    to[R,l=1   <\kilo\ohm>]++\unx coordinate(E)
    --++\shx
    to[open,v^=$V_{I_{2}}$,o-o,color=red]++\unyn
        node[ground] {} %{GND}
;

\end{circuitikz}%
}}
\caption{Photo Diode Circuit as of Mar 26,16}\label{DiodeC}
\end{figure}
\end{document}

但是，在执行此操作时，务必目视检查输出，因为如果电路内容超出纸张边缘，TeX 将不会发出任何警告！（毕竟，您已向它保证内容很0pt宽，因此不可能溢出边缘！）

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