我有一个适合页面宽度的大表格，使用 tabularx 环境，利用多行。
按照以下示例带有 tabularx 和 multirow 的表格，我使用 \multirow{n}{\hsize}{text} 来使文本正确换行，但在某些情况下，文本会渗入下面的列（下图中红色部分）：
我想要修复的另一件事是文本对齐，这与非多行单元格不同（比较第二行中的最后一个单元格与第三行中的单元格，图中均为蓝色）。
\documentclass[
a4paper, %size of paper
11pt, %font size
]{scrreprt}
\usepackage{booktabs,multirow,tabularx}
\def\tabularxcolumn#1{m{#1}} %vertical alignment center for tabularx columns
\begin{document}
\begin{table}[htbp]
\centering
\begin{tabularx}{\textwidth}{XccX}
\toprule
\multicolumn{1}{c}{\textbf{Reference}} & \textbf{Rail pad material} & \textbf{Ratio} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{\textbf{Notes}} \\
\midrule
Nielsen and Oscarsson [2.13] & --- & 0.25 & Suggested value, no material specified \\
\midrule
\multirow{5}{\hsize}{Thompson and Verheij [2.15]} & Ribbed rubber & 0.08 & \multirow{5}{\hsize}{Experimental indirect method for measuring transfer stiffness} \\
& Cork-rubber & 0.08 \\
& EVA, Vossloh DF & 0.27 \\ & Steel-rubber & 0.43 \\ & EVA, indirect fastener & 0.49 \\
\midrule
Thomson et al. [2.18] & Studded rubber & 0.29 & Experimental indirect method for measuring transfer stiffness \\
\midrule
Wu and Thompson [2.19] & Studded rubber & 0.22--0.32 & Experimental indirect method for measuring transfer stiffness \\
\midrule
Carrascal et al. [2.20] & Thermoplastic polyester & 0.77 & Experimental data \\
\midrule
TCRP [2.21] & --- & 0.25–-0.90 & Study of 16 fastening systems, low frequency (1–20 Hz) \\
\midrule
\multirow{2}{\hsize}{Kaewunruen and Remennikov [2.14]} & Studded rubber & 0.50 & \multirow{2}{\hsize}{State-dependent model fitted to experimental results} \\
& HDPE & 0.61 \\
\midrule
\multirow{3}{\hsize}{DYNATRACK Survey [2.22]} & Deutsche Bahn$^1$ & 0.29 & \multirow{3}{\hsize}{State-dependent model fitted to experimental results} \\
& Lupolen$^1$ & 0.46--0.68 \\ & Polyurethane cork rubber & 0.70 \\
\midrule
Maes and Guillaume [2.23] & Resin-bonded rubber & 0.38--0.60 & State-dependent model fitted to experimental results \\
\midrule
Trackleast [2.24] & Various elastomers & 0.35--0.55 & Based on manufacturer report for five different rail pads \\
\midrule
\multirow{2}{\hsize}{Wirthwein AG [2.25]} & TPU & 0.57 & \multirow{2}{\hsize}{Based on manufacturer report} \\
& EVA & 0.38--0.54 \\
\midrule
\multirow{3}{\hsize}{Pandrol [2.26]} & Fastclip FE system$^2$ & 0.63--0.75 & \multirow{3}{\hsize}{Based on manufacturer report, rail pad material not defined (EVA or HDPE suggested)} \\
& Re system$^2$ & 0.88 \\ & Fastclip FD system$^2$ & 0.90 \\
\midrule
\multicolumn{4}{l}{$^1$ Supplier or manufacturer, no material specified} \\
\multicolumn{4}{l}{$^2$ Fastening system designation, rail pad material not specified} \\
\bottomrule
\end{tabularx}
\end{table}
\end{document}
答案1
正如我在评论中提到的，最简单的解决方案是在第三列单元格中插入空行，其中多行单元格中的行数较大：
\documentclass[a4paper, 11pt]{scrreprt}
\usepackage{booktabs,multirow,tabularx}
\usepackage{ragged2e}% for smart ragged align in last column
\def\tabularxcolumn#1{m{#1}} %vertical alignment center for tabularx columns
\begin{document}
\begin{table}[htbp]
\centering
\begin{tabularx}{\textwidth}{@{}
>{\RaggedRight\arraybackslash}Xcc
>{\RaggedRight\arraybackslash}X
@{}}
\toprule
\multicolumn{1}{c}{\textbf{Reference}} & \textbf{Rail pad material} & \textbf{Ratio} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{\textbf{Notes}} \\
\midrule
Nielsen and Oscarsson [2.13] & --- & 0.25 & Suggested value, no material specified \\
\midrule
\multirow{5}{\hsize}{Thompson and Verheij [2.15]} & Ribbed rubber & 0.08 & \multirow{5}{\hsize}{Experimental indirect method for measuring transfer stiffness} \\
& Cork-rubber & 0.08 \\
& EVA, Vossloh DF & 0.27 \\ & Steel-rubber & 0.43 \\ & EVA, indirect fastener & 0.49 \\
\midrule
Thomson et al. [2.18] & Studded rubber & 0.29 & Experimental indirect method for measuring transfer stiffness \\
\midrule
Wu and Thompson [2.19] & Studded rubber & 0.22--0.32 & Experimental indirect method for measuring transfer stiffness \\
\midrule
Carrascal et al. [2.20] & Thermoplastic polyester & 0.77 & Experimental data \\
\midrule
TCRP [2.21] & --- & 0.25–-0.90 & Study of 16 fastening systems, low frequency (1–20 Hz) \\
\midrule
\multirow{3}{\hsize}{Kaewunruen and Remennikov [2.14]} & Studded rubber & 0.50 & \multirow{3}{\hsize}{State-dependent model fitted to experimental results} \\
& & \\
& HDPE & 0.61 \\
\midrule
\multirow{3}{\hsize}{DYNATRACK Survey [2.22]} & Deutsche Bahn$^1$ & 0.29 & \multirow{3}{\hsize}{State-dependent model fitted to experimental results} \\
& Lupolen$^1$ & 0.46--0.68 \\ & Polyurethane cork rubber & 0.70 \\
\midrule
Maes and Guillaume [2.23] & Resin-bonded rubber & 0.38--0.60 & State-dependent model fitted to experimental results \\
\midrule
Trackleast [2.24] & Various elastomers & 0.35--0.55 & Based on manufacturer report for five different rail pads \\
\midrule
\multirow{2}{\hsize}{Wirthwein AG [2.25]} & TPU & 0.57 & \multirow{2}{\hsize}{Based on manufacturer report} \\
& EVA & 0.38--0.54 \\
\midrule
\multirow{5}{\hsize}{Pandrol [2.26]} & Fastclip FE system$^2$ & 0.63--0.75 & \multirow{5}{\hsize}{Based on manufacturer report, rail pad material not defined (EVA or HDPE suggested)} \\
& & \\
& Re system$^2$ & 0.88 \\
& & \\
& Fastclip FD system$^2$ & 0.90 \\
\midrule
\multicolumn{4}{l}{$^1$ Supplier or manufacturer, no material specified} \\
\multicolumn{4}{l}{$^2$ Fastening system designation, rail pad material not specified} \\
\bottomrule
\end{tabularx}
\end{table}
\end{document}
得出：
在包的帮助下，ragged2e我还改变了最后一列文本的对齐方式。
附录：替代解决方案，其中省略多行单元格并引入嵌套表。代码更复杂，结果取决于观察者的品味：
\documentclass[a4paper,11pt]{scrreprt}
\usepackage{booktabs,makecell,multirow,tabularx}
\renewcommand\theadfont{\bfseries\normalsize}
\def\tabularxcolumn#1{m{#1}} %vertical alignment center for tabularx columns
\begin{document}
\begin{table}[htbp]
\centering
\begin{tabularx}{\textwidth}{@{}
>{\setlength\hsize{0.75\hsize}\raggedright\arraybackslash}X
>{\centering\arraybackslash}p{12em}
>{\centering\arraybackslash}p{5em}
>{\setlength\hsize{1.25\hsize}\raggedright\arraybackslash}X
@{}}
\toprule
\thead{Reference}
& \thead{Rail pad material}
& \thead{Ratio}
& \thead{Notes} \\
\midrule
Nielsen and Oscarsson [2.13]
& --- & 0.25 & Suggested value, no material specified \\
\midrule
Thompson and Verheij [2.15]
& \multicolumn{2}{c}{
\begin{tabular}{@{}>{\centering\arraybackslash}p{12em}>{\centering\arraybackslash}p{5em}@{}}
Ribbed rubber & 0.08 \\
Cork-rubber & 0.08 \\
EVA, Vossloh DF & 0.27 \\ Steel-rubber & 0.43 \\ EVA, indirect fastener & 0.49
\end{tabular}}
& Experimental indirect method
for measuring transfer stiffness \\
\midrule
Thomson et al. [2.18]
& Studded rubber & 0.29
& Experimental indirect method for measuring transfer stiffness \\
\midrule
Wu and Thompson [2.19]
& Studded rubber & 0.22--0.32
& Experimental indirect method for measuring transfer stiffness \\
\midrule
Carrascal et al. [2.20]
& Thermoplastic polyester & 0.77
& Experimental data \\
\midrule
TCRP [2.21] & --- & 0.25–-0.90
& Study of 16 fastening systems, low frequency (1–20 Hz) \\
\midrule
Kaewunruen and Remennikov [2.14]
& \multicolumn{2}{c}{
\begin{tabular}{@{}>{\centering\arraybackslash}p{12em}>{\centering\arraybackslash}p{5em}@{}}
Studded rubber & 0.50 \\
HDPE & 0.61
\end{tabular}}
& State-dependent model fitted to experimental results \\
\midrule
DYNATRACK Survey [2.22]
& \multicolumn{2}{c}{
\begin{tabular}{@{}>{\centering\arraybackslash}p{12em}>{\centering\arraybackslash}p{5em}@{}}
Deutsche Bahn$^1$ & 0.29 \\
Lupolen$^1$ & 0.46--0.68 \\
Polyurethane cork rubber & 0.70
\end{tabular}}
& State-dependent model fitted to experimental results \\
\midrule
Maes and Guillaume [2.23]
& Resin-bonded rubber & 0.38--0.60
& State-dependent model fitted to experimental results \\
\midrule
Trackleast [2.24]
& Various elastomers & 0.35--0.55
& Based on manufacturer report for five different rail pads \\
\midrule
Wirthwein AG [2.25]
& \multicolumn{2}{c}{
\begin{tabular}{@{}>{\centering\arraybackslash}p{12em}>{\centering\arraybackslash}p{5em}@{}}
TPU & 0.57 \\
EVA & 0.38--0.54
\end{tabular}}
& Based on manufacturer report \\
\midrule
Pandrol [2.26]
& \multicolumn{2}{c}{
\begin{tabular}{@{}>{\centering\arraybackslash}p{12em}>{\centering\arraybackslash}p{5em}@{}}
Fastclip FE system$^2$ & 0.63--0.75 \\
Re system$^2$ & 0.88 \\
Fastclip FD system$^2$ & 0.90
\end{tabular}}
& Based on manufacturer report, rail pad material not defined (EVA or HDPE suggested) \\
\midrule
\multicolumn{4}{l}{$^1$ Supplier or manufacturer, no material specified} \\
\multicolumn{4}{l}{$^2$ Fastening system designation, rail pad material not specified} \\
\bottomrule
\end{tabularx}
\end{table}
\end{document}
答案2
下面是一个更简单的代码，用两个中间列的命令替换环境multirow，这样可以在单元格中换行。我还加载了表格注释：\makecellthreeparttable
\documentclass[a4paper, 11pt]{scrreprt}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage{lmodern}
\usepackage{ragged2e}
\usepackage{tabularx, multirow, booktabs, makecell}
\usepackage[flushleft]{threeparttable}
\def\tabularxcolumn#1{ >{\RaggedRight}m{#1}} %vertical alignment center for tabularx columns
\begin{document}
\begin{table}[htbp]
\begin{threeparttable}
\caption{Static to dynamic vertical stiffness ratio in the literature.}
\label{tab:static_dynamic_ratio}
\centering
\begin{tabularx}{\linewidth}{XccX}
\toprule
\multicolumn{1}{c}{\textbf{Reference}} & \textbf{Rail pad material} & \textbf{Ratio} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{\textbf{Notes}} \\
\midrule
Nielsen and Oscarsson [2.13] & --- & 0.25 & Suggested value, no material specified \\
\midrule
Thompson and Verheij [2.15] & \makecell{Ribbed rubber\\ Cork-rubber\\ EVA, Vossloh DF \\ Steel-rubber\\ EVA, indirect fastener}
& \makecell{0.08\\0.08\\ 0.27\\0.43\\0.49} & Experimental indirect method for measuring transfer stiffness \\
\midrule
Thomson et al. [2.18] & Studded rubber & 0.29 & Experimental indirect method for measuring transfer stiffness \\
\midrule
Wu and Thompson [2.19] & Studded rubber & 0.22--0.32 & Experimental indirect method for measuring transfer stiffness \\
\midrule
Carrascal et al. [2.20] & Thermoplastic polyester & 0.77 & Experimental data \\
\midrule
TCRP [2.21] & --- & 0.25–-0.90 & Study of 16 fastening systems, low frequency (1–20 Hz) \\
\midrule
Kaewunruen and \newline Remennikov [2.14] & \makecell{Studded rubber \\ HDPE} & \makecell{0.50\\ 0.61}
& State-dependent model fitted to experimental results \\
\midrule
DYNATRACK Survey [2.22] & \makecell{Deutsche Bahnt\tnote{1} \\Lupolen\tnote{1} \\Polyurethane cork rubber}
& \makecell{0.29 \\ 0.46--0.68 \\ 0.70} & State-dependent model fitted to experimental results \\
\midrule
Maes and Guillaume [2.23] & Resin-bonded rubber & 0.38--0.60 & State-dependent model fitted to experimental results \\
\midrule
Trackleast [2.24] & Various elastomers & 0.35--0.55 & Based on manufacturer report for five different rail pads \\
\midrule
Wirthwein AG [2.25] & \makecell{TPU \\ EVA} & \makecell{0.57\\ 0.38--0.54} & Based on manufacturer report \\
\midrule
Pandrol [2.26] & \makecell{Fastclip FE system\tnote{2}\\ Re system\tnote{2}\\ Fastclip FD system\tnote{2}} &\makecell{0.63--0.75\\ 0.88\\ 0.90}
& Based on manufacturer report, rail pad material not defined (EVA or HDPE suggested) \\
\midrule[\heavyrulewidth]
\end{tabularx}
\begin{tablenotes}
\item[1] Supplier or manufacturer, no material specified.
\item[2 ] Fastening system designation, rail pad material not specified.
\end{tablenotes}
\end{threeparttable}
\end{table}
\end{document}
笔记：可以看出，表格高度比 \textheight 稍大。可以将字体大小减小到 以10pt避免此问题，或者，如果表格 cll 出现在页面中间，则加载threeparttablex和ltablex包，它们允许在threeparttables 和 中进行分页tabularx。
