对齐表格单元格中的部分文本

Question

是否可以在不改变整个表格对齐方式的情况下对齐表格单元格中的特定部分文本？例如对齐 (e = ) 后面的文本。如果有人已经回答了这个问题，您可以直接发布链接吗？提前谢谢您。

\begin{table}[H]
        \begin{tabularx}{\columnwidth}{rX}
        $\phi$ = &capacity reduction factor of bolted connections subject to tearout\\
         = &0.70 for $\dfrac{f_{u}}{f_{y}} \geq 1.08$\\
         = &0.60 for $\dfrac{f_{u}}{f_{y}} <  1.08$\\
        $V_{f}$ = &nominal shear capacity of bolted connection\\
         = &$tef_{u}$\\
        &$t$ = thickness of connected part\\
        &$e$ = distance measured in the line of force from the centre of a standard hole to the nearest edge of an adjacent hole or to the end of the connected part    
        \end{tabularx}
\end{table}

Answer 1

如果我很清楚你想要什么的话，这里有一种方法可以做到：

\documentclass[a4paper, twocolumn]{article}
\usepackage{array, tabularx, float}
\usepackage{amsmath}

\begin{document}

\begin{table}[H]
  \begin{tabularx}{\columnwidth}{r@{${} = {}$}X}
    $\phi$ & capacity reduction factor of bolted connections subject to tearout\\
      & $ \begin{cases}0.70 & \text{for }{f_{u}}/{f_{y}} \geq 1.08, \\
    0.60 & \text{for }{f_{u}}/{f_{y}} < 1.08.
    \end{cases} $\\[4ex]
    $V_{f}$ & nominal shear capacity of bolted connection\\
    & $tef_{u}$\\[1ex]
    \multicolumn{1}{r@{\phantom{${}={}$}}}{where} & \begin{tabular}[t]{|p{\dimexpr\linewidth-0.8em}}$t=$ thickness of connected part\\
    $e=$ distance measured in the line of force from the centre of a standard hole to the nearest edge of an adjacent hole or to the end of the connected part
    \end{tabular}
  \end{tabularx}
\end{table}

\end{document} 

还有一种变体：

   \begin{table}[H]
      \begin{tabularx}{\columnwidth}{r@{${} = {}$}X}
        $\phi$ & capacity reduction factor of bolted connections subject to tearout\\
          & $ \begin{cases}0.70 & \text{for }{f_{u}}/{f_{y}} \geq 1.08, \\
        0.60 & \text{for }{f_{u}}/{f_{y}} < 1.08.
        \end{cases} $\\[4ex]
        $V_{f}$ & nominal shear capacity of bolted connection\\
        & $tef_{u}$\\[1ex]
       where \quad\smash{\rule[-14.5ex]{0.4pt}{16.2ex}}\, $t $ & thickness of connected part \\
       $e$ & distance measured in the line of force from the centre of a standard hole to the nearest edge of an adjacent hole or to the end of the connected part
      \end{tabularx}
    \end{table}

Answer 2

嵌套tabularx在另一个中tabularx似乎可以完成这项工作。

\documentclass[twocolumn]{article}
\usepackage{amsmath,tabularx}
\usepackage{lipsum} % just for the example

\begin{document}

\lipsum*[2]
\[
\begin{tabularx}{\columnwidth}{@{}>{$}r<{{}$}@{}X@{}}
\phi = & capacity reduction factor of bolted connections subject to tearout \\
     = & $0.70$ for $\dfrac{f_{u}}{f_{y}} \geq 1.08$ \\
     = & $0.60$ for $\dfrac{f_{u}}{f_{y}} <  1.08$ \\
V_{f}= & nominal shear capacity of bolted connection \\
     = & $tef_{u}$ \\
\multicolumn{2}{@{}l@{}}{%
  \begin{tabularx}{\columnwidth}{@{}r@{}X@{}}
  where $t={}$ & thickness of connected part \\
        $e={}$ & distance measured in the line of force from the centre 
                 of a standard hole to the nearest edge of an adjacent
                 hole or to the end of the connected part
  \end{tabularx}%
}
\end{tabularx}
\]
\lipsum[3]

\end{document}

也许更简单，使用两个不同的tabularx环境：

\documentclass[twocolumn]{article}
\usepackage{amsmath,tabularx}
\usepackage{lipsum} % just for the example

\begin{document}

\lipsum*[2]
\begin{gather*}
\begin{tabularx}{\columnwidth}{@{}>{$}r<{{}$}@{}X@{}}
\phi = & capacity reduction factor of bolted connections subject to tearout \\
     = & $0.70$ for $\dfrac{f_{u}}{f_{y}} \geq 1.08$ \\
     = & $0.60$ for $\dfrac{f_{u}}{f_{y}} <  1.08$ \\
V_{f}= & nominal shear capacity of bolted connection \\
     = & $tef_{u}$
\end{tabularx}
\\[1ex]
\begin{tabularx}{\columnwidth}{@{}r@{}X@{}}
where $t={}$ & thickness of connected part \\
      $e={}$ & distance measured in the line of force from the centre 
               of a standard hole to the nearest edge of an adjacent
               hole or to the end of the connected part
\end{tabularx}
\end{gather*}
\lipsum[3]

\end{document}