将图片/小页面/标题垂直分布在整个页面上

Question

我在一篇单栏文章中有下图：

    \documentclass[12pt,a4paper]{article}
    \usepackage{graphicx}
    \usepackage{showframe}
    \begin{document}

    \begin{figure}[htbp]
    \centering
    \begin{minipage}{0.325\textwidth}
        \centering
        \includegraphics[width=\textwidth,height=9cm]{example-image-a}
    \end{minipage}
    \begin{minipage}{0.325\textwidth}
        \centering
        \includegraphics[width=\textwidth,height=9cm]{example-image-a}
    \end{minipage}
    \begin{minipage}{0.325\textwidth}
        \centering
        \includegraphics[width=\textwidth,height=9cm]{example-image-a}
    \end{minipage}
    % insert some space that fills the page vertically
    % and creates a gap between the first and second row of pictures
    \begin{minipage}{0.325\textwidth}
        \centering
        \includegraphics[width=\textwidth,height=9cm]{example-image-a}
    \end{minipage}
    \begin{minipage}{0.325\textwidth}
        \centering
        \includegraphics[width=\textwidth,height=9cm]{example-image-a}
    \end{minipage}
    \begin{minipage}{0.325\textwidth}
        \centering
        \includegraphics[width=\textwidth,height=9cm]{example-image-a}
    \end{minipage}
    \caption{A caption that describes all six images.}
    \end{figure}

    \end{document}

这将创建两行，每行 3 张图片。所有图片大小相同。由于图形几乎垂直填满整个页面，我想用空格将两行分开，以便更容易区分一行结束和另一行开始的位置。因为我仍在设计我的文档，所以我不想将空格设为固定大小，而是调整它，以便间隙占据页面上剩余的任何垂直空间。例如，我可以在两行之间包含一张全白的图片，但随后我必须决定固定高度：

    \documentclass[12pt,a4paper]{article}
    \usepackage{graphicx}
    \usepackage{showframe}
    \begin{document}

    \begin{figure}[htbp]
    \centering
    \begin{minipage}{0.325\textwidth}
        \centering
        \includegraphics[width=\textwidth,height=9cm]{example-image-a}
    \end{minipage}
    \begin{minipage}{0.325\textwidth}
        \centering
        \includegraphics[width=\textwidth,height=9cm]{example-image-a}
    \end{minipage}
    \begin{minipage}{0.325\textwidth}
        \centering
        \includegraphics[width=\textwidth,height=9cm]{example-image-a}
    \end{minipage}
    \begin{minipage}{\textwidth}
        \centering
        % "B" could be an all white picture
        % but how heigh should it be?
        \includegraphics[width=\textwidth,height=2cm]{example-image-b}
    \end{minipage}
    \begin{minipage}{0.325\textwidth}
        \centering
        \includegraphics[width=\textwidth,height=9cm]{example-image-a}
    \end{minipage}
    \begin{minipage}{0.325\textwidth}
        \centering
        \includegraphics[width=\textwidth,height=9cm]{example-image-a}
    \end{minipage}
    \begin{minipage}{0.325\textwidth}
        \centering
        \includegraphics[width=\textwidth,height=9cm]{example-image-a}
    \end{minipage}
    \caption{A caption that describes all six images.}
    \end{figure}

    \end{document}

Answer 1

看看下面的解决方案是否满足你的期望：

对于上图，我使用\rule{0pt}{<height>}规则高度计算考虑\textheight，包含图像的两行的高度，标题中文本的高度以及估计的有助于行分离的垂直距离tabularx，\abovecaptionskip和\belowcaptionskip（总共〜3\baselineskip）。

标题高度是使用保存框测量的，\captbox其中图形标签的宽度是在 上估计的11ex。这需要将标题文本保存在 中\savebox，但是只有在标题样式为 的情况下才能在标题中使用此文本hang。否则，需要在标题环境中再次输入标题文本。

如果一行内图形之间的距离过大，可以减少\setlength\tabcolsep{<width}，默认值为6pt。

\documentclass[12pt]{article}
\usepackage{caption,graphicx}
\usepackage{tabularx}
\usepackage{calc}
\usepackage[a4paper,
            showframe
            ]{geometry}

\newsavebox{\captbox}
\begin{document}
    \begin{figure}[p]
\savebox{\captbox}{\begin{minipage}{\textwidth}\hspace{11ex}
                    A caption that describes all six images. 
                    A caption that describes all six images. A caption that describes all six images. A caption that describes all six images.
                   \end{minipage} 
                   }
    \begin{tabularx}{\textwidth}{@{}*{3}{>{\centering\arraybackslash}X}@{}}
\includegraphics[width=\linewidth,height=9cm]{example-image-a}
    &   \includegraphics[width=\linewidth,height=9cm]{example-image-b}
        &   \includegraphics[width=\linewidth,height=9cm]{example-image-c}
                \\
\rule{0pt}{\textheight-180mm-\ht\captbox-3\baselineskip}
% 3\baselineskip is estimation of all not considered vertical spaces
    &   &       \\
\includegraphics[width=\linewidth,height=9cm]{example-image-a}
    &   \includegraphics[width=\linewidth,height=9cm]{example-image-b}
        &   \includegraphics[width=\linewidth,height=9cm]{example-image-c}
                \\
    \end{tabularx}
\caption{A caption that describes all six images.
    A caption that describes all six images. A caption that describes all six images. A caption that describes all six images.
        }
\label{fig:mycomplicatedimageset}
    \end{figure}
\end{document}