“发生严重错误，未生成输出 PDF 文件！” - Kile 直接跳转到我的 .aux 文件

Question

我认为这里存在几个问题。

首先，您给出的消息l.1185 \@ ... N{932}{15}通常来自lineno您在问题描述中未提及的包。

我猜你激活了类的一个选项copernicus来获得带编号的行输出？如果这是真的，并且你将选项更改为无编号，则应.aux在重新编译之前删除文件以避免出现给定的消息...

其次，包caption发出警告，这copernicus是一个不受支持的类。这可能会导致意想不到的错误或警告！

第三，您使用的是 utf-8 编码的文件。然后您可以添加德语变音符号 äöüÄÖÜ 和 eszet ß没有使用为 LaTeX 的 ascii 文本添加变音符号的转义版本！

第四，不要\todo在标题内调用。您可以\todo在标题结束后添加一个（我在以下 MWE 中展示了，包括正确、有效的变音符号）或在引用表格的位置后添加...

Fiths，请检查\listfiles您的 TeX 代码中是否添加了第一行，看看您的 TeX 发行版是否是最新的。然后，log在编译后，您会在文件末尾看到一个已使用软件包和版本号的列表。请将此列表添加到您的问题中。我猜，您的系统上有一些软件包已经过时了...

MWE（参见\todo标有的新内容<====================）：

\listfiles
\documentclass[hess]{copernicus}%, manuscript]{copernicus}
%% \usepackage commands included in the copernicus.cls:
%\usepackage[german, english]{babel}
%\usepackage{tabularx}
%\usepackage{cancel}
%\usepackage{multirow}
%\usepackage{supertabular}
%\usepackage{algorithmic}
%\usepackage{algorithm}
%\usepackage{amsthm}
%\usepackage{float}
%\usepackage{subfig}
%\usepackage{rotating}


\usepackage{todonotes}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}

\begin{document}

test 


%%% TWO-COLUMN TABLE
%
%t
\begin{table*}[t]
  \caption{This is a table
% \todo[inline]{some fixme notes about this table}
  }
  \todo[inline]{some fixme notes about this table äöüßÄÖÜ} % <============================
%\begin{tabular}{column = l c c c c}
  %Somehow, the above does not work, even though the template specifies it. But the standard solution below works. 
\begin{tabular}{l | c c c c c c}
Location  &  Average    &   Average    & Average   & Average    &  Average  & Average   \\

\tophline
xxx  &  yyy  &  yyy & yyy  & yyy & yyy & yyy   \\
xxx &  yyy  &  yyy & yyy  &  yyy &  yyy & yyy \\
% 
% 
% \middlehline
% 
% \bottomhline
\end{tabular}
\belowtable{} % Table Footnotes
\label{Result_table}
\end{table*}


\end{document}

编译无误后为：

并返回当前 MiKTeX 2.9 的列表文件：

 *File List*
copernicus.cls    2016/01/22 8.09 Copernicus papers
fixltx2e.sty    2015/06/22 v2.0b fixes to LaTeX (obsolete)
copernicus.cfg
 article.cls    2014/09/29 v1.4h Standard LaTeX document class
   fleqn.clo    2015/03/31 v1.1i Standard LaTeX option (flush left equations)
  size10.clo    2014/09/29 v1.4h Standard LaTeX file (size option)
 fontenc.sty
   t1enc.def    2005/09/27 v1.99g Standard LaTeX file
textcomp.sty    2005/09/27 v1.99g Standard LaTeX package
  ts1enc.def    2001/06/05 v3.0e (jk/car/fm) Standard LaTeX file
inputenc.sty    2015/03/17 v1.2c Input encoding file
    utf8.def    2016/02/28 v1.1s UTF-8 support for inputenc
   t1enc.dfu    2016/02/28 v1.1s UTF-8 support for inputenc
  ot1enc.dfu    2016/02/28 v1.1s UTF-8 support for inputenc
  omsenc.dfu    2016/02/28 v1.1s UTF-8 support for inputenc
  ts1enc.dfu    2016/02/28 v1.1s UTF-8 support for inputenc
   babel.sty    2016/04/23 3.9r The Babel package
 bblopts.cfg    2005/09/08 v0.1 add Arabic and Farsi to "declared" options of babel
 english.ldf    2012/08/20 v3.3p English support from the babel system
   array.sty    2014/10/28 v2.4c Tabular extension package (FMi)
tabularx.sty    2016/02/03 v2.11 `tabularx' package (DPC)
graphicx.sty    2014/10/28 v1.0g Enhanced LaTeX Graphics (DPC,SPQR)
  keyval.sty    2014/10/28 v1.15 key=value parser (DPC)
graphics.sty    2016/06/02 v1.0s Standard LaTeX Graphics (DPC,SPQR)
    trig.sty    2016/01/03 v1.10 sin cos tan (DPC)
graphics.cfg    2016/06/04 v1.11 sample graphics configuration
  pdftex.def    2016/06/17 v0.06h Graphics/color for pdfTeX
infwarerr.sty    2016/05/16 v1.4 Providing info/warning/error messages (HO)
 ltxcmds.sty    2016/05/16 v1.23 LaTeX kernel commands for general use (HO)
   color.sty    1999/02/16
   color.cfg    2016/01/02 v1.6 sample color configuration
 amssymb.sty    2013/01/14 v3.01 AMS font symbols
amsfonts.sty    2013/01/14 v3.01 Basic AMSFonts support
 amsmath.sty    2016/03/10 v2.15b AMS math features
 amstext.sty    2000/06/29 v2.01 AMS text
  amsgen.sty    1999/11/30 v2.0 generic functions
  amsbsy.sty    1999/11/29 v1.2d Bold Symbols
  amsopn.sty    2016/03/08 v2.02 operator names
  amsthm.sty    2015/03/04 v2.20.2
     url.sty    2013/09/16  ver 3.4  Verb mode for urls, etc.
 accents.sty    2006/05/12 v1.3 Math Accent Tools
  cancel.sty    2013/04/12 v2.2 Cancel math terms
multirow.sty    
supertabular.sty    2004/02/20 v4.1e the supertabular environment
algorithmic.sty    2009/08/24 v0.1 Document Style `algorithmic'
  ifthen.sty    2014/09/29 v1.1c Standard LaTeX ifthen package (DPC)
algorithm.sty    2009/08/24 v0.1 Document Style `algorithm' - floating environment
   float.sty    2001/11/08 v1.3d Float enhancements (AL)
 caption.sty    2016/02/21 v3.3-144 Customizing captions (AR)
caption3.sty    2016/05/22 v1.7-166 caption3 kernel (AR)
subfloat.sty    2003/08/21 version 2.14
  natbib.sty    2010/09/13 8.31b (PWD, AO)
rotating.sty    2016/05/22 v2.16c rotated objects in LaTeX
  lineno.sty    2005/11/02 line numbers on paragraphs v4.41
   times.sty    2005/04/12 PSNFSS-v9.2a (SPQR) 
  pifont.sty    2005/04/12 PSNFSS-v9.2a Pi font support (SPQR) 
    upzd.fd    2001/06/04 font definitions for U/pzd.
    upsy.fd    2001/06/04 font definitions for U/psy.
hyperref.sty    2016/05/21 v6.83p Hypertext links for LaTeX
hobsub-hyperref.sty    2016/05/16 v1.14 Bundle oberdiek, subset hyperref (HO)
hobsub-generic.sty    2016/05/16 v1.14 Bundle oberdiek, subset generic (HO)
  hobsub.sty    2016/05/16 v1.14 Construct package bundles (HO)
ifluatex.sty    2016/05/16 v1.4 Provides the ifluatex switch (HO)
  ifvtex.sty    2016/05/16 v1.6 Detect VTeX and its facilities (HO)
 intcalc.sty    2016/05/16 v1.2 Expandable calculations with integers (HO)
   ifpdf.sty    2016/05/14 v3.1 Provides the ifpdf switch
etexcmds.sty    2016/05/16 v1.6 Avoid name clashes with e-TeX commands (HO)
kvsetkeys.sty    2016/05/16 v1.17 Key value parser (HO)
kvdefinekeys.sty    2016/05/16 v1.4 Define keys (HO)
pdftexcmds.sty    2016/05/21 v0.22 Utility functions of pdfTeX for LuaTeX (HO)
pdfescape.sty    2016/05/16 v1.14 Implements pdfTeX's escape features (HO)
bigintcalc.sty    2016/05/16 v1.4 Expandable calculations on big integers (HO)
  bitset.sty    2016/05/16 v1.2 Handle bit-vector datatype (HO)
uniquecounter.sty    2016/05/16 v1.3 Provide unlimited unique counter (HO)
letltxmacro.sty    2016/05/16 v1.5 Let assignment for LaTeX macros (HO)
 hopatch.sty    2016/05/16 v1.3 Wrapper for package hooks (HO)
xcolor-patch.sty    2016/05/16 xcolor patch
atveryend.sty    2016/05/16 v1.9 Hooks at the very end of document (HO)
atbegshi.sty    2016/06/09 v1.18 At begin shipout hook (HO)
refcount.sty    2016/05/16 v3.5 Data extraction from label references (HO)
 hycolor.sty    2016/05/16 v1.8 Color options for hyperref/bookmark (HO)
 ifxetex.sty    2010/09/12 v0.6 Provides ifxetex conditional
 auxhook.sty    2016/05/16 v1.4 Hooks for auxiliary files (HO)
kvoptions.sty    2016/05/16 v3.12 Key value format for package options (HO)
  pd1enc.def    2016/05/21 v6.83p Hyperref: PDFDocEncoding definition (HO)
hyperref.cfg    2002/06/06 v1.2 hyperref configuration of TeXLive
 hpdftex.def    2016/05/21 v6.83p Hyperref driver for pdfTeX
rerunfilecheck.sty    2016/05/16 v1.8 Rerun checks for auxiliary files (HO)
todonotes.sty    2012/07/25
 xkeyval.sty    2014/12/03 v2.7a package option processing (HA)
 xkeyval.tex    2014/12/03 v2.7a key=value parser (HA)
  xcolor.sty    2016/05/11 v2.12 LaTeX color extensions (UK)
   color.cfg    2016/01/02 v1.6 sample color configuration
    tikz.sty    2015/08/07 v3.0.1a (rcs-revision 1.151)
     pgf.sty    2015/08/07 v3.0.1a (rcs-revision 1.15)
  pgfrcs.sty    2015/08/07 v3.0.1a (rcs-revision 1.31)
everyshi.sty    2001/05/15 v3.00 EveryShipout Package (MS)
  pgfrcs.code.tex
 pgfcore.sty    2010/04/11 v3.0.1a (rcs-revision 1.7)
  pgfsys.sty    2014/07/09 v3.0.1a (rcs-revision 1.48)
  pgfsys.code.tex
pgfsyssoftpath.code.tex    2013/09/09  (rcs-revision 1.9)
pgfsysprotocol.code.tex    2006/10/16  (rcs-revision 1.4)
 pgfcore.code.tex
pgfcomp-version-0-65.sty    2007/07/03 v3.0.1a (rcs-revision 1.7)
pgfcomp-version-1-18.sty    2007/07/23 v3.0.1a (rcs-revision 1.1)
  pgffor.sty    2013/12/13 v3.0.1a (rcs-revision 1.25)
 pgfkeys.sty    
 pgfkeys.code.tex
 pgfmath.sty    
 pgfmath.code.tex
  pgffor.code.tex
    tikz.code.tex
    calc.sty    2014/10/28 v4.3 Infix arithmetic (KKT,FJ)
  ts1cmr.fd    2014/09/29 v2.5h Standard LaTeX font definitions
   t1ptm.fd    2001/06/04 font definitions for T1/ptm.
supp-pdf.mkii
epstopdf-base.sty    2016/05/15 v2.6 Base part for package epstopdf
  grfext.sty    2016/05/16 v1.2 Manage graphics extensions (HO)
 nameref.sty    2016/05/21 v2.44 Cross-referencing by name of section
gettitlestring.sty    2016/05/16 v1.5 Cleanup title references (HO)
   t1phv.fd    2001/06/04 scalable font definitions for T1/phv.
    umsa.fd    2013/01/14 v3.01 AMS symbols A
    umsb.fd    2013/01/14 v3.01 AMS symbols B
 ***********

最后，只是对您的错误进行评论，您得到了“您可以省略”...我确信这些错误中的一个或多个导致您在编译文档时遇到问题。纠正文档中的所有错误非常重要，并且始终从第一个开始，纠正它，重新编译并检查下一个第一的错误。请注意，第一的错误可能会导致下一个错误，如果您纠正第一个错误，这些错误就会消失！

更新：

您的 TeX 发行版 TeX Live 2013 非常旧。当前版本是 TeX Live 2016！TeX/LaTeX 正在继续开发，因此保持发行版的更新非常重要！一个软件包的更改可能会导致其他软件包出错。例如，fixltx2自 2016 年以来的软件包已过时...

请更新您的 TeX 发行版以消除所遇到的错误...

软件包todonotes是一个较旧的软件包，因此命令\todo是没有稳健命令。这意味着，它很脆弱，而且它可以有时结果出现错误。命令\todo被设计为 2012 作为自己的命令添加到段落或环境中，但不是作为一部分另一个命令，正如您尝试使用的组合一样\caption{...\todo{...}}。

因此，请\todo按照设计的方式使用...抱歉，我没有给您提供链接，这只是我的知识（从查看的代码内部todonotes）。

Answer 1