如何堆叠 TikZ 节点？

Question

我想要矩形节点一个在另一个之上。我尝试使用fit，它似乎使节点大于输入，因此节点重叠。

这是针对垂直堆叠条形图之类的东西。因此，一个元素必须具有最小尺寸，而其他元素则需要具有相对于该元素的精确尺寸。为了让整个图形尽可能低，我希望最小尺寸刚好能够容纳单个线标签。所有其他高度都是相对于最小尺寸计算的。

因此，我需要使用一个可以让我计算相对大小的库，我不能只将确切的大小作为数字输入。

整个堆栈也位于图形另一部分的右侧，并通过线与其相连。所以我需要节点（具有锚点），不能使用简单的矩形。

---

\documentclass[a4paper,10pt]{article}

\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{fit}

\begin{document}



    \begin{tikzpicture}[x=1pt, y=1pt]
 [align=center, node distance=0pt]


  \newlength{\distanceFromLeft}
  \setlength{\distanceFromLeft}{150pt}


  \node[fit={(0,25) (\distanceFromLeft, 50)}, draw, align=center, label=center:placeholder for left part of picture] (placeholder) {};


  \newlength{\stackWidth}
  \setlength{\stackWidth}{100pt}

  \newlength{\smallestHeight}
  \setlength{\smallestHeight}{11pt} % to accomodate a 10 pt label

  \node[fit={(\distanceFromLeft+25,0) (\distanceFromLeft+25+\stackWidth,160/51*\smallestHeight)}, draw, align=center, label=center:first node -- 160] (first) {}; % The first node represents 160 units
  \node[fit={(\distanceFromLeft+25,160/51*\smallestHeight) (\distanceFromLeft+25+\stackWidth,221/51*\smallestHeight)}, draw, align=center, label=center:second node -- 51] (second) {}; % The second node is the smallest, it has 51 units. It starts where the old node ends (height 160/51) and is 51/51 high, so its upper right corner is at height (160 + 51)/51 = 221/51 of the smallest height 
   \node[fit={(\distanceFromLeft+25,221/51*\smallestHeight) (\distanceFromLeft+25+\stackWidth,426/51*\smallestHeight)}, draw, align=center, label=center:third node -- 206] (third) {}; % The third node represents 206 units

   \draw [dashed] (placeholder.south east) -- (first.south west);
   \draw [dashed] (placeholder.north east) -- (third.north west);
 \end{tikzpicture}   

\end{document}

Answer 1

只需使用positioningTikZ 库和明确定义的节点样式。

代码

\documentclass[border=2pt,tikz]{standalone}
\usetikzlibrary{positioning}

\begin{document}
    \tikzset{block/.style={shape=rectangle, draw, node distance=-1pt, minimum width = 10em, line width=1pt}}
    \begin{tikzpicture}
        \node[block] (first) {first node};
        \node[block,below=of first] {second node};
    \end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

结果

更新 1

positioning您也可以使用和来获得具有相对定位和可变高度的堆叠节点minimum width/height。图形的其余部分可以通过在节点锚点之间放置线条来绘制。

    \newlength{\stackWidth}
    \setlength{\stackWidth}{100pt}

    \newlength{\smallestHeight}
    \setlength{\smallestHeight}{11pt}

    \tikzset{block2/.style={shape=rectangle, draw, node distance=-1pt, minimum width = \stackWidth, line width=1pt, inner sep=0pt}}
    \begin{tikzpicture}
        \begin{scope}[every node/.style={block2}]
            \node[minimum height=\smallestHeight] (second) {second node};
            \node[minimum height=3\smallestHeight,below=of second] (first) {first node};
            \node[minimum height=4\smallestHeight,above=of second] (third) {third node};
        \end{scope}
    \end{tikzpicture}

更新 2

从您的代码中，要获取不重叠的节点，请添加\tikzset{every node/.append style={inner sep=0pt}}。

Answer 2

我理解，堆栈中的节点高度不同，您可以根据某个物体的相对大小（在提供的图片中写在堆栈中的节点中）来计算，即，您希望获得如下内容：

如果你使用另外两个 TikZ 库，这段代码会非常简单和简洁calc：chains

\documentclass[tikz, border=3mm]{standalone}
\usetikzlibrary{calc,chains,positioning}

\newlength{\smallestHeight}
\setlength{\smallestHeight}{0.2pt} % <-- define units of nodes heights

\begin{document}
    \begin{tikzpicture}[
node distance = 0pt and 22mm,
  start chain = A going above,
 block/.style = {shape=rectangle, draw, line width=1pt,
                 minimum height=#1\smallestHeight, minimum width = 100pt,  
                 inner sep=0pt, outer sep=0pt, on chain=A}
                        ]
\node[block=160]    {first node - 160};    %A-1
\node[block=51]     {second node - 51};
\node[block=206]    {third node - 206};    %A-3
%
\node[block=100, left=of $(A-1.north west)!0.5!(A-3.south west)$]   {placeholder};
%
\draw[dashed]   (A-4.north east) -- (A-3.north west)
                (A-4.south east) -- (A-1.south west);
    \end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

Answer 3

另一个解决方案是使用rectangle split形状。由于这种形状不考虑minimum height垂直分割节点，因此\parbox已使用来定义每个部分的不同高度。

\documentclass[tikz,border=2mm]{standalone} 
\usetikzlibrary{positioning,shapes.multipart}

\newcommand{\textbox}{\parbox[c][1cm][c]{3cm}{\centering #1}}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}

\node[draw] (ph) {placeholder};

\node[rectangle split, rectangle split parts=3, draw, right=2cm of ph] (mem) 
       {\parbox[c][1cm][c]{3cm}{\centering third node - 206}
        \nodepart{two}second node - 51
        \nodepart{three}\parbox[c][1cm][c]{3cm}{\centering first node - 160}};

\draw[dashed] (ph.north east)--(mem.north west);
\draw[dashed] (ph.south east)--(mem.south west);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}