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最后一列表格不均匀

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最后一列表格不均匀

我使用了很多（简单的）表格。不幸的是，最后一列总是有点不整齐：文本比其他列高几毫米，刚好足以让人注意到。如何在表格中水平和垂直均匀地居中文本？

\documentclass[a4paper,12pt,numbers=endperiod]{scrartcl}
\usepackage[left=2.5cm,right=2.5cm,top=2.5cm,bottom=2cm,footskip=1cm]{geometry}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[T2A,T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage{tipa}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{setspace}
\usepackage{array,booktabs}
\newcolumntype{M}[1]{>{\centering\arraybackslash}m{#1}}
\newcolumntype{N}{@{}m{0pt}@{}}

\begin{document}

\begin{table}[htbp]
    \centering
    \caption{Analogie zwischen Phonologie und Graphematik}
    \renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.3}
\begin{tabular}{ | M{4.9cm} | M{4.9cm} | M{4.9cm} | N }
\hline
    &
    \textit{Signifié} &
    \textit{Signifiant} \\[5pt]
\hline
    Sprechsprache &
    \textipa{/a/} (Phonem) &
    \textipa{[a]} (Phon) \\[5pt]
\hline
    Schriftsprache &
    \flq a\frq\space (Graphem) &
    \textvertline a\textvertline\space (Graph) \\[5pt]
\hline
\end{tabular}
    \label{phonographe}
\end{table}

\end{document}

\tipa{}编辑：这是现在我所看到的 表格：问题表

\documentclass[a4paper,12pt,numbers=endperiod]{scrartcl}

\usepackage[left=2.5cm,right=2.5cm,top=2.5cm,bottom=2cm,footskip=1cm]{geometry}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{setspace}
\usepackage{caption}
\usepackage{filecontents}
\usepackage{lipsum}
\usepackage{array,booktabs}
\newcolumntype{M}[1]{>{\centering\arraybackslash}m{#1}}
\usepackage{lmodern}
\usepackage{CJKutf8}
\usepackage[footnote,printonlyused]{acronym}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[T2A,T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage[russian,ngerman]{babel}
\usepackage{tipa}
\usepackage{csquotes}

\begin{document}

\begin{table}[htbp]
    \centering
    \caption{Konsonantische Alternationen bei der Pluralbildung}
    \newcommand{\heightadjustment}{\rule[-12pt]{0pt}{2.5\normalbaselineskip}}
\begin{tabular}{ | M{2.7cm} | M{6cm} | M{6cm} | }
\hline
     &
    Singular &
    Plural \\
\hline
    \glqq Wolf\grqq &
    \flq lup\frq\space\textipa{/lup/} \textipa{[lup]} &
    \flq lupi\frq\space\textipa{/lupi/} \textipa{[lup\textsuperscript{j}]} \\[5pt]
\hline
    \glqq Bär\grqq &
    \flq urs\frq\space\textipa{/urs/} \textipa{[urs]} &
    \flq urși\frq\space\textipa{/ursi/} \textipa{[urS\textsuperscript{j}]} \\[5pt] 
\hline
    \glqq Elefant\grqq &
    \flq elefant\frq\space\textipa{/ElEfant/} \textipa{[ElEfant]} &
    \flq elefanți\frq\space\textipa{/ElEfanti/} \textipa{[ElEfan\texttoptiebar{ts}\textsuperscript{j}]} \\[5pt]
\hline
    \glqq junger Bock\grqq &
    \flq ied\frq\space\textipa{/ied/} \textipa{[\textsubarch{i}ed]} &
    \flq iezi\frq\space\textipa{/iedi/} \textipa{[\textsubarch{i}ez\textsuperscript{j}]} \\[5pt]
\hline
    \glqq Krebs\grqq &
    \flq rac\frq\space\textipa{/rak/} \textipa{[rak]} &
    \flq raci\frq\space\textipa{/raki/} \textipa{[ra\texttoptiebar{tS}\textsuperscript{j}]} \\[5pt]
\hline
    \glqq Hamster\grqq &
    \flq hârciog\frq\space\textipa{/h\textbari r\texttoptiebar{tS}og/} \textipa{[h\textbari r\texttoptiebar{tS}og]} &
    \flq hârciogi\frq\space \textipa{/h\textbari r\texttoptiebar{tS}ogi/} \textipa{[h\textbari r\texttoptiebar{tS}o\texttoptiebar{dZ}\textsuperscript{j}]} \\[5pt]
\hline
\end{tabular}
    \label{konalt}
\end{table}

\end{document}

答案1

您希望对这样的表格使用p(或) 列，以免丢失基线对齐。此外，您指定的宽度使表格比文本宽度更宽，因此我将它们缩小了一点。bmm

在此处输入图片描述

\documentclass[a4paper,12pt,numbers=endperiod]{scrartcl}

\usepackage[left=2.5cm,right=2.5cm,top=2.5cm,bottom=2cm,footskip=1cm]{geometry}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{setspace}
\usepackage{caption}
\usepackage{filecontents}
\usepackage{lipsum}
\usepackage{array,booktabs}
\newcolumntype{M}[1]{>{\centering\arraybackslash}p{#1}}
\usepackage{lmodern}
\usepackage{CJKutf8}
\usepackage[footnote,printonlyused]{acronym}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[T2A,T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage[russian,ngerman]{babel}
\usepackage{tipa}
\usepackage{csquotes}

\begin{document}

\begin{table}[htbp]
    \centering
  \setlength\extrarowheight{6pt}
    \caption{Konsonantische Alternationen bei der Pluralbildung}
\begin{tabular}{ | M{2.7cm} | M{5.9cm} | M{5.9cm} | }
\hline
     &
    Singular &
    Plural \\
\hline
    \glqq Wolf\grqq &
    \flq lup\frq\space\textipa{/lup/} \textipa{[lup]} &
    \flq lupi\frq\space\textipa{/lupi/} \textipa{[lup\textsuperscript{j}]} \\[5pt]
\hline
    \glqq Bär\grqq &
    \flq urs\frq\space\textipa{/urs/} \textipa{[urs]} &
    \flq urși\frq\space\textipa{/ursi/} \textipa{[urS\textsuperscript{j}]} \\[5pt] 
\hline
    \glqq Elefant\grqq &
    \flq elefant\frq\space\textipa{/ElEfant/} \textipa{[ElEfant]} &
    \flq elefanți\frq\space\textipa{/ElEfanti/} \textipa{[ElEfan\texttoptiebar{ts}\textsuperscript{j}]} \\[5pt]
\hline
    \glqq junger Bock\grqq &
    \flq ied\frq\space\textipa{/ied/} \textipa{[\textsubarch{i}ed]} &
    \flq iezi\frq\space\textipa{/iedi/} \textipa{[\textsubarch{i}ez\textsuperscript{j}]} \\[5pt]
\hline
    \glqq Krebs\grqq &
    \flq rac\frq\space\textipa{/rak/} \textipa{[rak]} &
    \flq raci\frq\space\textipa{/raki/} \textipa{[ra\texttoptiebar{tS}\textsuperscript{j}]} \\[5pt]
\hline
    \glqq Hamster\grqq &
    \flq hârciog\frq\space\textipa{/h\textbari r\texttoptiebar{tS}og/} \textipa{[h\textbari r\texttoptiebar{tS}og]} &
    \flq hârciogi\frq\space \textipa{/h\textbari r\texttoptiebar{tS}ogi/} \textipa{[h\textbari r\texttoptiebar{tS}o\texttoptiebar{dZ}\textsuperscript{j}]} \\[5pt]
\hline
\end{tabular}
    \label{konalt}
\end{table}

\end{document}

答案2

我们不用使用 来指定每行间距调整\\[<len>]，而是可以为特定列的每个条目添加一个支柱。支柱可以在基线的上下垂直拉伸，以便根据需要精确拉伸行距：

在此处输入图片描述

\documentclass{article}

\usepackage{array}
\newcolumntype{M}[1]{>{\centering\arraybackslash}m{#1}}

\begin{document}

\newcommand{\heightadjustment}{\rule[-12pt]{0pt}{2.5\normalbaselineskip}}
\begin{tabular}{ | >{\heightadjustment}M{49mm} | M{49mm} | M{49mm} | }
  \hline
  & \textit{Something} & \textit{Something else} \\
  \hline
  Sprechsprache & (Phonem) & (Phon) \\
  \hline
  Schriftsprache & (Graphem) & (Graph) \\
  \hline
\end{tabular}

\end{document}

以下是第一列中可视化的支柱（通过使用而不是1pt的宽度获得）：\rule0pt

在此处输入图片描述

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