如何向人口金字塔添加侧轴

Question

我有以下人口金字塔：

这是使用以下代码创建的（灵感来自我如何使用 pgfplots 绘制这个人口金字塔图？)：

\usepackage[top=1cm,bottom=1cm,left=1cm,right=1.5cm,headsep=10pt,a5paper]{geometry}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usepackage{pgfplots}
\pgfplotsset{compat=1.5}
\usepackage{pgfplotstable}

\pgfplotsset{%
        compat=1.9,
        blank onypyramid axis style/.style={%
            width=.4\textwidth,
            height=.9\textheight,
            scale only axis,
            grid=both,
            grid style={line width=.1pt, draw=gray!10},
            major grid style={line width=.2pt,draw=gray!50},
            xmin=0,
            ymin=-0.5,
            ymax=100,
            y dir=reverse,
            enlarge y limits={value=0.075,upper},
            xbar,
            axis x line=left,
            xtick align=outside,
            bar width=1,
            allow reversal of rel axis cs=false,
        },
        onypyramid axis style/.style={%
            blank onypyramid axis style,
            ytick=\empty,
            axis line style={-},
        },
    }


\begin{document}
\noindent
\begin{center}
    \begin{tikzpicture}
        \pgfplotstableread[
            col sep=comma,
            header=true,
        ]{
    age,man,woman
    +100,3239,17739
    99,1467,6747
    98,2077,8821
    97,3300,13147
    96,5521,20072
    95,10678,36223
    94,17900,57028
    93,23710,70410
    92,30627,84807
    91,39280,101469
    90,50093,121123
    89,62308,139512
    88,74389,155204
    87,86637,169994
    86,99516,184102
    85,114880,201392
    84,130166,216864
    83,141785,225710
    82,152126,231591
    81,161716,235885
    80,171579,241231
    79,179663,243912
    78,188631,247329
    77,196180,249705
    76,205013,254313
    75,208232,250901
    74,204536,238733
    73,214654,246486
    72,238030,270074
    71,253235,284824
    70,262680,292425
    69,307252,339968
    68,361831,396704
    67,379329,412652
    66,386101,419454
    65,391717,424872
    64,389501,421755
    63,387421,419341
    62,390482,421381
    61,391805,422810
    60,396961,428105
    59,400338,430518
    58,405035,433262
    57,409054,434856
    56,415554,438940
    55,422521,443250
    54,424667,444135
    53,425314,443401
    52,431730,448371
    51,442007,457258
    50,444324,456418
    49,444199,453080
    48,441831,447687
    47,441362,444478
    46,448893,449314
    45,458370,454899
    44,467723,461910
    43,473540,464424
    42,467762,455789
    41,447908,435953
    40,420141,408975
    39,399557,388749
    38,397863,386465
    37,401311,389476
    36,403744,391584
    35,419248,406252
    34,429618,416015
    33,426746,412514
    32,411021,397746
    31,400932,388252
    30,406783,393343
    29,411780,397362
    28,410855,397171
    27,409331,394917
    26,406501,392629
    25,408614,392446
    24,411935,394785
    23,408055,390608
    22,396293,379224
    21,388067,371710
    20,393484,376693
    19,400651,382432
    18,401069,381452
    17,402381,382647
    16,407070,387255
    15,416278,396183
    14,422145,402840
    13,417960,399408
    12,414913,396523
    11,415819,397032
    10,418482,399165
    9,424928,405826
    8,427231,408023
    7,426182,407592
    6,427303,408799
    5,428335,409615
    4,429337,410454
    3,427512,408338
    2,425369,406276
    1,423220,404203
    0,421272,402313
        }\loadedtable
        \pgfplotstablecreatecol[
            expr accum={
                round(\pgfmathaccuma) + \thisrow{man} + \thisrow{woman}
            }{0}
        ]{sum}{\loadedtable}
        \tikzset{
            fpu=true,
        }
            \pgfplotstablegetrowsof{\loadedtable}
                \pgfmathsetmacro{\LastRow}{\pgfplotsretval-1}
            \pgfplotstablegetelem{20}{sum}\of{\loadedtable}
                \pgfmathsetmacro{\Sum}{\pgfplotsretval}
        \tikzset{
            fpu=false,
        }
        \begin{axis}[
            onypyramid axis style,
            axis y line*=left,
            ytick={0,5,...,100},
            yticklabels={},
            ytick style={draw=none},
            grid=both,
            grid style={line width=.1pt, draw=gray!10},
            major grid style={line width=.2pt,draw=gray!50},
            name=popaxis,
        ]
            \addplot [magenta,fill=magenta!50] table [
                y expr =\coordindex,x expr={\thisrow{woman}},
            ] \loadedtable;

            \node [anchor=south] at (rel axis cs:0.25,1)
                {\textcolor{magenta}{Woman}};
        \end{axis}
        \begin{axis}[
            onypyramid axis style,
            at={(popaxis.west)},
            anchor=east,
            xshift=-12.5mm,
            x dir=reverse,
            every node near coord/.append style={
                anchor=east,
            },
            axis y line*=right,
        ]
            \addplot [cyan,fill=cyan!50] table [
                y expr =\coordindex, x expr={\thisrow{man}},
            ] \loadedtable;

            \node [anchor=south] at (rel axis cs:0.25,1)
                {\textcolor{cyan}{Man}};
        \end{axis}
        \begin{axis}[
            blank onypyramid axis style,
            at={(popaxis.west)},
            anchor=east,
            xshift=-12.5mm,
            x dir=reverse,
            axis y line*=right,
            xtick=\empty,
            ytick={0,5,...,100},,
            yticklabels={100+,95,90,...,0},
            y tick label style={
                align=center,
                inner sep=0pt,
                text width=12.5mm,
            },
            major tick length=0pt,
            axis line style={
                -,
                draw=none,
            },
        ]
            \addplot [draw=none,fill=none] table [
                y expr =\coordindex, x expr={0},
            ] \loadedtable;
        \end{axis}
    \end{tikzpicture}
\end{center}

问题 1：我想在金字塔的左右两侧添加两个轴，每五年显示一个年份（见下图中的示例）。这可行吗？如果可行，有人能帮忙吗？

问题2 ：如果我想添加数字来指向金字塔的某些特征（如第二张图所示），我该怎么做？

Answer 1

嗯，可以使用以下方法完成额外的勾选......额外的刻度.pgfplots允许您设置额外的刻度，这些刻度可以是完全随机的，也可以仍然遵循标准刻度的刻度步骤。您设置它们的位置，就是这样。顺便说一句，我不得不稍微减少图形的宽度和高度以使其适合您的边距。也许您可以稍微增加高度，但宽度有点最大。

关于数字：我认为这将是完全任意的，因此您可能需要手动进行操作。

正如代码中所指定的，请注意 的版本pgfplots现在是1.14。

输出

代码

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[top=1cm,bottom=1cm,left=1cm,right=1.5cm,headsep=10pt,a5paper]{geometry}
%\usepackage{tikz} % not needed since you're loading pgfplots
\usepackage{pgfplots,pgfplotstable}

\pgfplotsset{%
        compat=1.14, % this is the last version, update!
        blank onypyramid axis style/.style={%
            width=.33\textwidth,
            height=.8\textheight,
            scale only axis,
            grid=both,
            grid style={line width=.1pt, draw=gray!10},
            major grid style={line width=.2pt,draw=gray!50},
            xmin=0,
            ymin=-0.5,
            ymax=100,
            y dir=reverse,
            enlarge y limits={value=0.075,upper},
            xbar,
            axis x line=left,
            xtick align=outside,
            bar width=1,
            allow reversal of rel axis cs=false,
        },
        onypyramid axis style/.style={%
            blank onypyramid axis style,
            ytick=\empty,
            axis line style={-},
        },
    }

\begin{document}
\begin{center}
    \begin{tikzpicture}
        \pgfplotstableread[
            col sep=comma,
            header=true,
        ]{
    age,man,woman
    +100,3239,17739
    99,1467,6747
    98,2077,8821
    97,3300,13147
    96,5521,20072
    95,10678,36223
    94,17900,57028
    93,23710,70410
    92,30627,84807
    91,39280,101469
    90,50093,121123
    89,62308,139512
    88,74389,155204
    87,86637,169994
    86,99516,184102
    85,114880,201392
    84,130166,216864
    83,141785,225710
    82,152126,231591
    81,161716,235885
    80,171579,241231
    79,179663,243912
    78,188631,247329
    77,196180,249705
    76,205013,254313
    75,208232,250901
    74,204536,238733
    73,214654,246486
    72,238030,270074
    71,253235,284824
    70,262680,292425
    69,307252,339968
    68,361831,396704
    67,379329,412652
    66,386101,419454
    65,391717,424872
    64,389501,421755
    63,387421,419341
    62,390482,421381
    61,391805,422810
    60,396961,428105
    59,400338,430518
    58,405035,433262
    57,409054,434856
    56,415554,438940
    55,422521,443250
    54,424667,444135
    53,425314,443401
    52,431730,448371
    51,442007,457258
    50,444324,456418
    49,444199,453080
    48,441831,447687
    47,441362,444478
    46,448893,449314
    45,458370,454899
    44,467723,461910
    43,473540,464424
    42,467762,455789
    41,447908,435953
    40,420141,408975
    39,399557,388749
    38,397863,386465
    37,401311,389476
    36,403744,391584
    35,419248,406252
    34,429618,416015
    33,426746,412514
    32,411021,397746
    31,400932,388252
    30,406783,393343
    29,411780,397362
    28,410855,397171
    27,409331,394917
    26,406501,392629
    25,408614,392446
    24,411935,394785
    23,408055,390608
    22,396293,379224
    21,388067,371710
    20,393484,376693
    19,400651,382432
    18,401069,381452
    17,402381,382647
    16,407070,387255
    15,416278,396183
    14,422145,402840
    13,417960,399408
    12,414913,396523
    11,415819,397032
    10,418482,399165
    9,424928,405826
    8,427231,408023
    7,426182,407592
    6,427303,408799
    5,428335,409615
    4,429337,410454
    3,427512,408338
    2,425369,406276
    1,423220,404203
    0,421272,402313
        }\loadedtable
        \pgfplotstablecreatecol[
            expr accum={
                round(\pgfmathaccuma) + \thisrow{man} + \thisrow{woman}
            }{0}
        ]{sum}{\loadedtable}
        \tikzset{
            fpu=true,
        }
            \pgfplotstablegetrowsof{\loadedtable}
                \pgfmathsetmacro{\LastRow}{\pgfplotsretval-1}
            \pgfplotstablegetelem{20}{sum}\of{\loadedtable}
                \pgfmathsetmacro{\Sum}{\pgfplotsretval}
        \tikzset{
            fpu=false,
        }
        \begin{axis}[
            onypyramid axis style,
            axis y line*=left,
            ytick={0,5,...,100},
            yticklabels={},
            ytick style={draw=none},
            grid=both,
            grid style={line width=.1pt, draw=gray!10},
            major grid style={line width=.2pt,draw=gray!50},
            name=popaxis,
            extra y ticks={0,5,...,100},
            every extra y tick/.style={
                yticklabel pos=right,
                yticklabels={1915,1920,...,2015}}
        ]
            \addplot [magenta,fill=magenta!50] table [
                y expr =\coordindex,x expr={\thisrow{woman}},
            ] \loadedtable;

            \node [anchor=south] at (rel axis cs:0.25,1)
                {\textcolor{magenta}{Woman}};
        \end{axis}
        \begin{axis}[
            onypyramid axis style,
            at={(popaxis.west)},
            anchor=east,
            xshift=-12.5mm,
            x dir=reverse,
            every node near coord/.append style={
                anchor=east,
            },
            axis y line*=right,
            extra y ticks={0,5,...,100},
            every extra y tick/.style={
                yticklabel pos=left,
                yticklabels={1915,1920,...,2015}}
        ]
            \addplot [cyan,fill=cyan!50] table [
                y expr =\coordindex, x expr={\thisrow{man}},
            ] \loadedtable;

            \node [anchor=south] at (rel axis cs:0.25,1)
                {\textcolor{cyan}{Man}};
        \end{axis}
        \begin{axis}[
            blank onypyramid axis style,
            at={(popaxis.west)},
            anchor=east,
            xshift=-12.5mm,
            x dir=reverse,
            axis y line*=right,
            xtick=\empty,
            ytick={0,5,...,100},,
            yticklabels={100+,95,90,...,0},
            y tick label style={
                align=center,
                inner sep=0pt,
                text width=12.5mm,
            },
            major tick length=0pt,
            axis line style={
                -,
                draw=none,
            },
        ]
            \addplot [draw=none,fill=none] table [
                y expr =\coordindex, x expr={0},
            ] \loadedtable;
        \end{axis}
    \end{tikzpicture}
\end{center}
\end{document}