编辑：

Question

如果我编译这两列，它们在底部并不完全对齐。右列与左列不对齐。我不知道为什么。它只在第一页。此外，我希望能够决定标题的位置，例如将所有内容向上移动两行。

编辑：

到目前为止，我发现这与标题页有关。如果我删除标题页，列就会再次对齐。

\documentclass[twocolumn]{scrartcl}

\usepackage{scrlayer-scrpage}
\usepackage[english]{babel}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage{lmodern}
\usepackage{amsmath,amsfonts,amssymb,amsthm,amsopn}
\usepackage{blindtext}


\title{Doppler-free Saturation Absorption Spectroscopy of Caesium}
\author{Example Name, Other Example, Another E.}
\publishers{%
\itshape\small%
\vspace{0.8cm}
\parbox{0.9\linewidth}{%
  In this experiment we measure the frequency of the spectral absorption 
  lines of the hyperfine structure of gaseous caesium. The technique of the 
  saturation spectroscopy, allows to overcome the doppler broadening of the 
  spectral lines and, thanks to the crossover signals, to discriminate 
  between series of transitions which share a common state.
  }
}

\setkomafont{disposition}{\bfseries}

\begin{document}
\maketitle
\phantom{---}
\section{Introduction}
  \blindtext[10]
\end{document}

Answer 1

这里的问题是不是标题页，它是标题等所需的大小\section。为了能够向您展示这一点，我在您的代码中添加了第二个标题和文本。现在您在两个页面上都遇到了由命令引起的问题\section。

为了避免这种情况，您应该使用类选项heading=normal来获得不太大的标题（带有太多胶水）并添加命令\raggedbottom以使页面的最后一行始终位于同一位置。

我添加了包showframe来可视化使用的打字区域和边距......

MWE（参见标有 的重要变化<================）：

\documentclass[%
  twocolumn,
  headings=normal, % normal, big, small <===============================
]{scrartcl}

\usepackage{scrlayer-scrpage}
\usepackage[english]{babel}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage{lmodern}
\usepackage{amsmath,amsfonts,amssymb,amsthm,amsopn}
\usepackage{blindtext,showframe} % <====================================


\title{Doppler-free Saturation Absorption Spectroscopy of Caesium}
\author{Example Name, Other Example, Another E.}
\publishers{%
%\itshape\small%
\normalsize
\vspace{0.8cm}
\parbox{0.9\linewidth}{%
  In this experiment we measure the frequency of the spectral absorption 
  lines of the hyperfine structure of gaseous caesium. The technique of the 
  saturation spectroscopy, allows to overcome the doppler broadening of the 
  spectral lines and, thanks to the crossover signals, to discriminate 
  between series of transitions which share a common state.
  }
}

\setkomafont{disposition}{\bfseries}
\raggedbottom % <=======================================================
%\flushbottom


\begin{document}
\maketitle
\phantom{---}
\section{Introduction}
\blindtext[10]
\section{Section two} % <===============================================
\blindtext[10]        % <===============================================
\end{document}

和期望的结果（为了可视化错误的空间，请只注释 mwe 的第 3 行% headings=normal,：