编辑

Question

我正在尝试绘制一个统计多层次模型的表示：我正在尝试做的事情的例子可以在图 3a 或 3b 中看到，http://www.esourceresearch.org/tabid/332/Default.aspx。

我尝试过，但无法使间距正确。在下图中，和的子节点c1重叠cn（因此只能cn看到的子节点）。我也不知道如何在每个级别之间适当地添加点：one和和two和two之间n，和t1和之间tn，等等。我尝试添加一个额外的子节点，但从外观上看，这不是可行的方法。谢谢。

我的代码

\documentclass{article}    
\usepackage[landscape, left=10pt]{geometry} 
\usepackage{tikz}    
\begin{document}

% styles
\tikzstyle{every node} = [rectangle, draw,  text centered, rounded corners, fill=blue!20, minimum height=1cm, minimum width=1cm]

\begin{tikzpicture}[sibling distance=1.25cm]

\node { one } 
  child { node {c1}
    child { node {t1}}
    child { node [draw=none] {\ldots}}
    child { node {tn}}
  }
  child { node [draw=none] {\ldots}
  }
  child { node {cn}
    child { node {t1}}
    child { node [draw=none] {\ldots}}
    child { node {tn}}
  }
  ;

\hspace*{7cm} \node { two }
  child { node {c1}
    child { node {t1}}
    child { node [draw=none] {\ldots}}
    child { node {tn}}
  }
  child { node [draw=none] {\ldots}
  }
  child { node {cn}
    child { node {t1}}
    child { node [draw=none] {\ldots}}
    child { node {tn}}
   };

\hspace*{7cm} \node { n }
  child { node {c1}
    child { node {t1}}
    child { node [draw=none] {\ldots}}
    child { node {tn}}
  }
  child { node [draw=none] {\ldots}
  }
  child { node {cn}
    child { node {t1}}
    child { node [draw=none] {\ldots}}
    child { node {tn}}
   };

\end{tikzpicture}

\end{document}

Answer 1

我可以推荐专业的树木绘图软件包 Forest 吗？

\documentclass[border=10pt,multi,tikz]{standalone}
\usepackage{forest}
\usetikzlibrary{shadows}
\begin{document}

\begin{forest}
  for tree={
    math content,
  },
  delay={
    where content={}{
      if level=0{}{
        content=\ldots,
        math content,
        no edge,
        fit=band,
      },
    }{
      rounded corners,
      outer color=blue!20,
      inner color=blue!15,
      minimum height=1cm,
      minimum width=1cm,
      draw,
      drop shadow,
    },
  }
  [, phantom
    [one, plain content
      [c_1
        [t_1]
        []
        [t_n]
      ]
      []
      [c_n
        [t_1]
        []
        [t_n]
      ]
    ]
    [two, plain content
      [c_1
        [t_1]
        []
        [t_n]
      ]
      []
      [c_n
        [t_1]
        []
        [t_n]
      ]
    ]
    []
    [n
      [c_1
        [t_1]
        []
        [t_n]
      ]
      []
      [c_n
        [t_1]
        []
        [t_n]
      ]
    ]
  ]
\end{forest}

\end{document}

编辑

这是一个更精致的版本，它定义label levels为应具有级别标签的树的样式。应使用level label=<label text>和 将标签连接起来以形成该级别的标签，前面带有前缀Label <level number>。当然，所有这些都可以调整。

我还添加了更精美的背景，但这显然是完全可选的。

\documentclass[border=10pt,multi,tikz]{standalone}
\usepackage{forest}
\usetikzlibrary{shadows,fit,backgrounds}
\forestset{
  declare toks={level label}{},
  declare toks register={level labels},
  level labels={},
  declare count register={leveller},
  leveller'=0,
  level split/.style={
    temptoksa={#1},
    split register={temptoksa}{:}{tempcounta,level label split},
  },
  level label split/.style={
    temptoksb={#1},
    temptoksc={},
    split register={temptoksb}{,}{temptoksc, level label splitter},
    tikz+/.wrap 2 pgfmath args={
      \node (label leveller ##1) [anchor=east, align=right, font=\sffamily] at (level ##1.west -| westpoint) {##2};
    }{tempcounta}{temptoksc},
    before computing xy/.wrap pgfmath arg={
      tikz+={
        \node [anchor=north east, align=right, font=\sffamily\itshape] at (label leveller ##1.north -| west of westpoint) {Level ##1};
      },
    }{tempcounta},
  },
  level label splitter/.style={
    temptoksc+={\\#1},
  },
  label levels/.style={
    tikz+={
      \coordinate (westpoint) at ([xshift=-15pt]current bounding box.west);
    },
    before packing={
        tikz+={
        \coordinate (west of westpoint) at ([xshift=-15pt]current bounding box.west);
      },
    },
    before drawing tree={
      tikz+={
        \scoped[on background layer]{\node [left color=blue!50!cyan!25!white, right color=blue!50!cyan!25!white, middle color=blue!50!cyan, inner sep=10pt, rounded corners, draw=blue!50!cyan, draw opacity=.5, fill opacity=.15, fit=(current bounding box)] {};}
      },
    },
    delay={
      for tree breadth-first={
        if level label={}{}{
          if={(level())>(leveller)}{
            leveller/.option=level,
            alias/.wrap pgfmath arg={level ##1}{level()},
            if level labels={}{}{
              level labels+={;},
            },
            level labels+/.option=level,
            level labels+={:},
          }{},
          level labels+/.option=level label,
          level labels+={,},
        },
      },
    },
    before typesetting nodes={
      if level labels={}{}{
        split register={level labels}{;}{level split},
      },
    },
  }
}
\begin{document}

\begin{forest}
  for tree={
    math content,
  },
  delay={
    where content={}{
      if level=0{}{
        content=\ldots,
        math content,
        no edge,
        fit=band,
      },
    }{
      rounded corners,
      outer color=blue!20,
      inner color=blue!15,
      minimum height=1cm,
      minimum width=1cm,
      draw,
      drop shadow,
    },
  },
  label levels,
  [, phantom
    [one, plain content, level label=platitudes
      [c_1
        [t_1]
        []
        [t_n]
      ]
      []
      [c_n
        [t_1]
        []
        [t_n]
      ]
    ]
    [two, plain content
      [c_1
        [t_1, level label=latitudes]
        []
        [t_n]
      ]
      []
      [c_n
        [t_1]
        []
        [t_n, level label=longitudes]
      ]
    ]
    []
    [n
      [c_1, level label=magnitudes
        [t_1]
        []
        [t_n]
      ]
      []
      [c_n
        [t_1]
        []
        [t_n]
      ]
    ]
  ]
\end{forest}

\end{document}