答案1
概念证明。
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{pgfplots}
\pgfplotsset{compat=1.14}
\usepgfplotslibrary{groupplots}
\usepackage{filecontents}
\begin{filecontents*}{data.dat}
x y
0 1
2 1
3 3
4 5
5 2
6 1.5
7 1
8 0
\end{filecontents*}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{groupplot}[
group style={
group size=2 by 2,
vertical sep=0pt,
horizontal sep=0pt
},
width=8cm,height=8cm,
xmin=0,xmax=8,
ymin=0,ymax=8]
\nextgroupplot[
xtick pos=right,
ylabel=Something,
xlabel=Other]
\addplot graphics[xmin=0,xmax=8,ymin=0,ymax=8] {example-image-1x1};
\nextgroupplot[
width=3cm,height=8cm,
x post scale=-1,
ytick pos=right,
xtick=\empty,
xlabel=Intensity,
ylabel=Something]
\addplot table[x=y,y=x] {data.dat};
\nextgroupplot[
height=3cm,width=8cm,
ytick=\empty,
ylabel=Intensity,
xlabel=Other]
\addplot table[x=x,y=y] {data.dat};
\nextgroupplot[group/empty plot]
\end{groupplot}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}