我是 LaTeX 新手，但想尝试将我的线性代数讲座转为文本格式。我的讲师使用以下结构：
第 0 章：基础知识
- § 1 套
- 定义 1.1：一些定义
- 定义 1.2：一些定义
- Pro. 1.3：一些命题
- 例 1.4：一些例子
- § 2 其他部分
- § 3 其他部分
- 定义 3.1：一些定义
- 定义 3.2：一些定义
- Pro. 3.3：一些命题
- 例 3.4：一些例子
- § 4 其他部分
第一章：群、环和域
- § 5 团体
- 定义 5.1：一些定义
- ...
- § 6 环
文字结构：
- 章节
- 编号（从 0 开始）
- 章节（分章）
- 编号
- 不受章节编号影响
- 新章节开始时不要重置
- 以 § 符号开头
- 小节（定义、例子、命题）
- 以当前章节编号为前缀
- 重置每个新部分
如果能写出这样的内容就太好了：
\documentclass{book}
...
\begin{document}
\chapter{Basics}
\section{Sets}
\subsection{Def. :}
Some definition.
\subsection{Example :}
Some example.
\section{NewSection}
....
\chapter{Groupds, Rings, Fields}
\section{Groups}
\subsection{Def. :}
Some definition
...
\end{document}
该行为与期望行为的不同之处在于：章节编号从 1 开始，节编号每章重置一次。节不会自动以 § 符号开头。子节包含章节/节和子节编号。
我怎样才能获得我想要的布局？
答案1
如果对节进行编号而与章节无关，则会出现一个问题：如何对放在章节中但未放在节中的定义/命题/示例进行编号？
例如：
Chapter 0 Basics
1 Elements
2 Combinations
Def. 2.1: Some definition
Def. 2.2: Some definition
Pro. 2.3 Some proposition
Exm. 2.4: Some Example
2.1 Permutations
2.2 Sets
Def. 2.2.1: Some definition
Def. 2.2.2: Some definition
Pro. 2.2.3 Some proposition
Exm. 2.2.4: Some Example
Chapter 1 Groups
Def. <???>1: Some definition
Pro. <???>2 Some proposition
Exm. <???>3: Some Example
3 Groups
Def. 3.1: Some definition
Pro. 3.2 Some proposition
Exm. 3.3: Some Example
Chapter 2 Rings and Fields
Def. <???>1: Some definition
Pro. <???>2 Some proposition
Exm. <???>3: Some Example
4 Rings
5 Fields
第 1 章中的定义/命题/例子应该如何命名？
它们不属于第 2 节。它们也不属于第 3 节。
第 2 章中的定义/命题/例子应该如何命名？它们不属于第 3 节。它们也不属于第 4 节。
<???>=<chapter>/<definition/proposition/example number>对于这些情况我建议：
Chapter 0 Basics
1 Elements
2 Combinations
Def. 2.1: Some definition
Def. 2.2: Some definition
Pro. 2.3 Some proposition
Exm. 2.4: Some Example
2.1 Permutations
2.2 Sets
Def. 2.2.1: Some definition
Def. 2.2.2: Some definition
Pro. 2.2.3 Some proposition
Exm. 2.2.4: Some Example
Chapter 1 Groups
Def. 1/1: Some definition
Pro. 1/2 Some proposition
Exm. 1/3: Some Example
3 Groups
Def. 3.1: Some definition
Def. 3.2: Some definition
Pro. 3.3 Some proposition
Exm. 3.4: Some Example
Chapter 2 Rings and Fields
Def. 2/1: Some definition
Pro. 2/2 Some proposition
Pro. 2/3 Some proposition
Exm. 2/4: Some Example
4 Rings
5 Fields
另一个问题是关于脚注、表格、图表和方程式的编号。
我建议按章节对脚注进行编号。
我建议按节对表格、图表和方程式进行编号，因为更深的节级可能具有同样编号的定义/命题/示例附属物。
我建议将表格/图形/公式放在章中但不放在节中，其处理方式与将定义/命题/例子放在章中但不放在节中相同，即在相应的数字前面加上“/”。
还有一个问题：
您是否希望定义/命题/示例也出现在目录中？
您是否希望获得类似单独的定义列表/命题列表/示例列表的东西？
我建议不要在目录中出现定义/命题/例子。
我建议不要有单独的定义列表/命题列表/例子列表。
这些事情需要对文档类/书籍类进行更粗暴的破解。
\documentclass{book}
\usepackage{hyperref}
\makeatletter
\newcounter{TheoremElement}
\newcounter{sectionfake}
\begingroup
\def\tempa#1{\global\csname c@#1\endcsname\z@}%
\expandafter\endgroup\ifx\tempa\@stpelt
\expandafter\@firstoftwo\else\expandafter\@secondoftwo\fi
{%
\def\c@sectionfakehack\z@
}{%
\def\c@sectionfakehack\m@ne\stepcounter#1%
}%
{%
\let\c@sectionfake\c@sectionfake\stepcounter{sectionfake}%
}%
\renewcommand\cl@chapter{%
\@elt{sectionfake}%
\@elt{footnote}%
\@elt{equation}\@elt{figure}\@elt{table}%
\@elt{subsection}\@elt{subsubsection}%
\@elt{paragraph}\@elt{subparagraph}%
\@elt{TheoremElement}%
}%
\renewcommand\cl@section{%
\@elt{sectionfakehack}%<-the hack increments sectionfake instead of resetting
% to zero whenever section is incremented via \stepcounter
\@elt{equation}\@elt{figure}\@elt{table}%
\@elt{subsection}\@elt{subsubsection}%
\@elt{paragraph}\@elt{subparagraph}%
\@elt{TheoremElement}%
}%
\renewcommand\cl@subsection{%
\@elt{subsubsection}%
\@elt{paragraph}\@elt{subparagraph}%
\@elt{TheoremElement}%
}%
\renewcommand\cl@subsubsection{%
\@elt{paragraph}\@elt{subparagraph}%
\@elt{TheoremElement}%
}%
\renewcommand\cl@paragraph{%
\@elt{subparagraph}%
\@elt{TheoremElement}%
}%
\renewcommand\cl@subparagraph{%
\@elt{TheoremElement}%
}%
\renewcommand*\cl@TheoremElement{}%
%
\newcommand\sectionfakefork{%
\ifnum\number\value{sectionfake}>0 %
\expandafter\@firstoftwo\else\expandafter\@secondoftwo\fi
}%
\newcommand\AllSectionLevelsArabic{%
\sectionfakefork
{%
\AllSectionLevelsArabicLoop{\AllSectionLevelsArabicLoop{%
\AllSectionLevelsArabicLoop{\AllSectionLevelsArabicLoop{%
\@firstoftwo{\arabic{section}.}%
}{subsection}.}{subsubsection}.%
}{paragraph}.}{subparagraph}.%
\@firstoftwo
}{%
\arabic{chapter}/%
}%
\arabic{TheoremElement}%
}%
\newcommand\AllSectionLevelsArabicLoop[4]{%
#4{\ifnum\number\value{#2}>0 %
\expandafter\@firstoftwo\else\expandafter\@secondoftwo\fi
{#1\@secondoftwo\arabic{#2}#3}{#1#4}%
}{#1\@secondoftwo\arabic{#2}#3}%
}%
\newcommand\insertbehindnumber[2]{%
#1\@insertbehimdnumber{#2}%
}%
\newcommand\@insertbehimdnumber{}%
\long\def\@insertbehimdnumber#1#2\endcsname{#2\endcsname#1}%
\renewcommand\theTheoremElement{\AllSectionLevelsArabic}
\newtheorem{definition}[TheoremElement]{\insertbehindnumber{Def.}{:}}%
\newtheorem{proposition}[TheoremElement]{\insertbehindnumber{Pro.}{:}}%
\newtheorem{example}[TheoremElement]{\insertbehindnumber{Exm.}{:}}%
\renewcommand\theequation{\sectionfakefork{\arabic{section}.}{\arabic{chapter}/}\arabic{equation}}%
\renewcommand\thetable{\sectionfakefork{\arabic{section}.}{\arabic{chapter}/}\arabic{table}}%
\renewcommand\thefigure{\sectionfakefork{\arabic{section}.}{\arabic{chapter}/}\arabic{figure}}%
\renewcommand\thesection{\protect\S\texorpdfstring{\protect\,}{ }\arabic{section}}%
\AtBeginDocument{%
% Remove the dot after chapter-numbers in headers of verso pages:
%\renewcommand*\chaptermark[1]{%
% \markboth{%
% \MakeUppercase{%
% \ifnum\c@secnumdepth>\m@ne\if@mainmatter\@chapapp\ \thechapter\quad\fi\fi#1%
% }%
% }{}%
%}%
% Remove the dot after sectioning-paragraph-numbers in headers of recto pages:
\renewcommand*\sectionmark[1]{%
\markright{%
\MakeUppercase{\ifnum\c@secnumdepth>\z@\thesection\quad\fi#1}%
}%
}%
\@ifpackageloaded{hyperref}{%
% Ensure uniqueness of hyperref' anchor names:
\renewcommand\theHsection{\arabic{section}}%
\renewcommand\theHTheoremElement{\AllSectionLevelsArabic}%
\renewcommand\theHequation{\sectionfakefork{\arabic{section}.}{\arabic{chapter}/}\arabic{equation}}%
\renewcommand\theHtable{\sectionfakefork{\arabic{section}.}{\arabic{chapter}/}\arabic{table}}%
\renewcommand\theHfigure{\sectionfakefork{\arabic{section}.}{\arabic{chapter}/}\arabic{figure}}%
\renewcommand\theHfootnote{\arabic{chapter}.\arabic{footnote}}%
}{%
\providecommand\texorpdfstring[2]{#1}%
}%
}%
\makeatother
\setcounter{secnumdepth}{4}
\setcounter{tocdepth}{\value{secnumdepth}}
\usepackage[open,openlevel=\value{secnumdepth},atend,numbered]{bookmark}
\begin{document}
\tableofcontents
\setcounter{chapter}{-1}%
\chapter{Basics}
\begin{definition}
Some definition.
\end{definition}
\section{Sets}
\begin{definition}
\label{deflabel}Some definition.
\end{definition}
\begin{definition}
Some definition.
\end{definition}
\begin{proposition}
\label{proplabel}Some proposition.
\end{proposition}
\begin{example}
\label{exlabel}Some example.
\end{example}
\section{Other section}
\section{Other section}
\begin{definition}
Some definition.
\end{definition}
\begin{definition}
Some definition.
\end{definition}
\begin{proposition}
Some proposition.
\end{proposition}
\begin{example}
Some example.
\end{example}
\section{Other section}
\chapter{Groups, Rings and Fields}
\begin{definition}
\label{otherdeflabel}Some definition.
\end{definition}
\section{Groups}
\begin{definition}
Some definition.
\end{definition}
\subsection{SubGroups}
\begin{definition}
Some definition.
\end{definition}
\subsubsection{SubSubGroups}
\begin{definition}
\label{yetanotherdeflabel}Some definition.
\end{definition}
\section{Rings}
\cleardoublepage
\section{Testing referencing}
referencing a definition: \ref{deflabel}\\
referencing a proposition: \ref{proplabel}\\
referencing an example: \ref{exlabel}\\
referencing another definition: \ref{otherdeflabel}\\
referencing yet another definition: \ref{yetanotherdeflabel}
\end{document}