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如何使两个浮点图并排且成比例？

tag-icon • tag-icon tikz-pgf floats minipage calculations adjustbox
如何使两个浮点图并排且成比例？

我使用以下代码来并排获取两个数字。代码 (MWE) 为：

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{calc}
\usepackage{adjustbox}
\usepackage{float}  
\begin{document}
\begin{figure}
\begin{minipage}[b]{0.49\textwidth}
    \begin{figure}[H]
    \begin{adjustbox}{width=1\textwidth}{
    \begin{tikzpicture}[my plot/.style={thick, smooth, samples=100, domain=0.1:5}, my grid/.style={densely dotted,opacity=0.5, every node/.style={black,opacity=1}}, my axis/.style={latex-latex}]
    \draw[my plot, color=black] (0,0) plot (\x,{ln(\x)});
    \coordinate (start plot) at (0.1,{ln(0.1)});
    \coordinate (end plot) at (5,{ln(5)});
    \draw[my axis] ([shift={(-0.5cm,0.5cm)}]start plot |- end plot) node[above] {$u(\cdot)$} |- node[coordinate](origin){} ([shift={(0.5cm,-0.5cm)}]start plot -| end plot) node[right] {$\cdot$};
    \def\x{0.5}\def\y{4}\def\p{0.55}
    \coordinate (Ux) at (\x,{ln(\x)});
    \coordinate (Uy) at (\y,{ln(\y)});
    \coordinate (Up) at ({\p*\x+(1-\p)*\y},{ln(\p*\x+(1-\p)*\y)});
    \draw (Ux) -- coordinate[pos=1-\p] (Up-mid) (Uy);
    \path let \p1=(Up-mid), \n1={pow(e,\y1*0.03514)} in (28.4576*\n1,\y1) coordinate (Up-mid2);
    \draw[my grid] (Ux) |- node[below,font=\scriptsize]{$x$} (origin) |- node[left,font=\scriptsize]{$u(x)$} cycle;
   \draw[my grid] (Uy) |- node[below,font=\scriptsize]{$y$} (origin) |- node[left,font=\scriptsize]{$u(y)$} cycle;
    \draw[my grid] (Up) |- node[below, yshift=2.25pt, font=\scriptsize]{$px+(1-p)y$} (origin) |- node[left,font=\scriptsize]{$u(px+(1-p)y)$} cycle;
    \draw[my grid] (Up-mid) |- (origin) |- node[left,font=\scriptsize]{$pu(x)+(1-p)u(y)$} cycle;
    \draw[my grid] (Up-mid) -- (Up-mid2);
    \end{tikzpicture}}
    \end{adjustbox}
    \caption{Risk Aversion}\label{RA}
    \end{figure}
\end{minipage}
\hfill
\begin{minipage}[b]{0.49\textwidth}
    \begin{figure}[H]
    \begin{adjustbox}{width=1\textwidth}{
    \begin{tikzpicture}[my plot/.style={thick, smooth, samples=100, domain=0.1:5.5}, my grid/.style={densely dotted,opacity=0.5, every node/.style={black,opacity=1}}, my axis/.style={latex-latex}]
    \draw[my plot, color=black] (0,0) plot (\x,{(\x)});
    \coordinate (start plot) at (0,{(0)});
    \coordinate (end plot) at (5.5,{(5.5)});
    \draw[my axis] ([shift={(-0.5cm,0.5cm)}]start plot |- end plot) node[above] {$u(\cdot)$} |- node[coordinate](origin){} ([shift={(0.5cm,-0.5cm)}]start plot -| end plot) node[right] {$\cdot$};
    \def\x{0.5}\def\y{4}\def\p{0.55}
    \coordinate (Ux) at (\x,{(\x)});
    \coordinate (Uy) at (\y,{(\y)});
    \coordinate (Up) at ({\p*\x+(1-\p)*\y},{(\p*\x+(1-\p)*\y)});
    \draw (Ux) -- coordinate[pos=1-\p] (Up-mid) (Uy);
    \path let \p1=(Up-mid), \n1={pow(e,\y1*0.03514)} in (28.4576*\n1,\y1) coordinate (Up-mid2);
    \draw[my grid] (Ux) |- node[below,font=\scriptsize]{$x$} (origin) |- node[left,font=\scriptsize]{$u(x)$} cycle;
    \draw[my grid] (Uy) |- node[below,font=\scriptsize]{$y$} (origin) |- node[left,font=\scriptsize]{$u(y)$} cycle;
    \draw[my grid] (Up) |- node[below, yshift=2.25pt, font=\scriptsize]{$px+(1-p)y$} (origin) |- node[align=right,font=\scriptsize,xshift=-40pt]{$pu(x)+(1-p)u(y)=$\\$=u(px+(1-p)y)$} cycle;
    \end{tikzpicture}}
    \end{adjustbox}
    \caption{Risk Neutrality}\label{RN}
    \end{figure}
\end{minipage}
\end{figure}

\end{document}

结果是这样的：

在此处输入图片描述

虽然结果看起来不错，但我希望图表的大小完全相同；也就是说，轴的长度相同，字体大小相同，等等。但是，使用我的代码，我发现右侧的图表比左侧的图表稍大。我想避免这种情况。有人知道如何实现吗？恐怕我可能需要调整图形的轴，但无论我尝试什么，我都会故意失败。谢谢大家的帮助

答案1

首先，删除所有嵌套的figure、adjustbox和内容。然后使用 tikz 的和选项minipage缩小较大的图（或者放大较小的图，如果你愿意的话）。对于 x 轴，你可以计算因子，因为域是给定的；它是 5/5.5=0.90909....对于 y 轴，我选择了实用方法，只是修改它直到它看起来一样。所以我们必须添加xscaleyscale

\begin{tikzpicture}[...,xscale=0.90909,yscale=0.75]

在第二个情节中。

这种缩放的优点\adjustbox是仅缩放坐标系，而不缩放字体和线宽。

关于你的第二个问题，如何将两个数字并排放置，我可以参考两个并排的身影，LaTeX 图形并排显示以及许多类似的帖子。

在此处输入图片描述

\documentclass[border=2mm]{standalone}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{calc}
\begin{document}
    \begin{tikzpicture}[my plot/.style={thick, smooth, samples=100, domain=0.1:5}, my grid/.style={densely dotted,opacity=0.5, every node/.style={black,opacity=1}}, my axis/.style={latex-latex}]
    \draw[my plot, color=black] (0,0) plot (\x,{ln(\x)});
    \coordinate (start plot) at (0.1,{ln(0.1)});
    \coordinate (end plot) at (5,{ln(5)});
    \draw[my axis] ([shift={(-0.5cm,0.5cm)}]start plot |- end plot) node[above] {$u(\cdot)$} |- node[coordinate](origin){} ([shift={(0.5cm,-0.5cm)}]start plot -| end plot) node[right] {$\cdot$};
    \def\x{0.5}\def\y{4}\def\p{0.55}
    \coordinate (Ux) at (\x,{ln(\x)});
    \coordinate (Uy) at (\y,{ln(\y)});
    \coordinate (Up) at ({\p*\x+(1-\p)*\y},{ln(\p*\x+(1-\p)*\y)});
    \draw (Ux) -- coordinate[pos=1-\p] (Up-mid) (Uy);
    \path let \p1=(Up-mid), \n1={pow(e,\y1*0.03514)} in (28.4576*\n1,\y1) coordinate (Up-mid2);
    \draw[my grid] (Ux) |- node[below,font=\scriptsize]{$x$} (origin) |- node[left,font=\scriptsize]{$u(x)$} cycle;
   \draw[my grid] (Uy) |- node[below,font=\scriptsize]{$y$} (origin) |- node[left,font=\scriptsize]{$u(y)$} cycle;
    \draw[my grid] (Up) |- node[below, yshift=2.25pt, font=\scriptsize]{$px+(1-p)y$} (origin) |- node[left,font=\scriptsize]{$u(px+(1-p)y)$} cycle;
    \draw[my grid] (Up-mid) |- (origin) |- node[left,font=\scriptsize]{$pu(x)+(1-p)u(y)$} cycle;
    \draw[my grid] (Up-mid) -- (Up-mid2);
    \end{tikzpicture}
\quad
    \begin{tikzpicture}[my plot/.style={thick, smooth, samples=100, domain=0.1:5.5}, my grid/.style={densely dotted,opacity=0.5, every node/.style={black,opacity=1}}, my axis/.style={latex-latex},xscale=0.90909,yscale=0.75]
    \draw[my plot, color=black] (0,0) plot (\x,{(\x)});
    \coordinate (start plot) at (0,{(0)});
    \coordinate (end plot) at (5.5,{(5.5)});
    \draw[my axis] ([shift={(-0.5cm,0.5cm)}]start plot |- end plot) node[above] {$u(\cdot)$} |- node[coordinate](origin){} ([shift={(0.5cm,-0.5cm)}]start plot -| end plot) node[right] {$\cdot$};
    \def\x{0.5}\def\y{4}\def\p{0.55}
    \coordinate (Ux) at (\x,{(\x)});
    \coordinate (Uy) at (\y,{(\y)});
    \coordinate (Up) at ({\p*\x+(1-\p)*\y},{(\p*\x+(1-\p)*\y)});
    \draw (Ux) -- coordinate[pos=1-\p] (Up-mid) (Uy);
    \path let \p1=(Up-mid), \n1={pow(e,\y1*0.03514)} in (28.4576*\n1,\y1) coordinate (Up-mid2);
    \draw[my grid] (Ux) |- node[below,font=\scriptsize]{$x$} (origin) |- node[left,font=\scriptsize]{$u(x)$} cycle;
    \draw[my grid] (Uy) |- node[below,font=\scriptsize]{$y$} (origin) |- node[left,font=\scriptsize]{$u(y)$} cycle;
    \draw[my grid] (Up) |- node[below, yshift=2.25pt, font=\scriptsize]{$px+(1-p)y$} (origin) |- node[align=right,font=\scriptsize,xshift=-40pt]{$pu(x)+(1-p)u(y)=$\\$=u(px+(1-p)y)$} cycle;
    \end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

编辑：这是用于容纳文章页面上的图表（包括标题）的包装器。我还使用技巧来移除长标签的宽度，以便\llap{...}标签分别插入边距和其他图中。

在此处输入图片描述

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{calc}
\usepackage{blindtext}
\begin{document}
\blindtext
\begin{figure}
\newcommand\commonscalefactor{0.64}%
\begin{minipage}[b]{\dimexpr0.5\textwidth-1em}
  \centering
    \begin{tikzpicture}[my plot/.style={thick, smooth, samples=100, domain=0.1:5}, my grid/.style={densely dotted,opacity=0.5, every node/.style={black,opacity=1}}, my axis/.style={latex-latex},scale=\commonscalefactor]
    \draw[my plot, color=black] (0,0) plot (\x,{ln(\x)});
    \coordinate (start plot) at (0.1,{ln(0.1)});
    \coordinate (end plot) at (5,{ln(5)});
    \draw[my axis] ([shift={(-0.5cm,0.5cm)}]start plot |- end plot) node[above] {$u(\cdot)$} |- node[coordinate](origin){} ([shift={(0.5cm,-0.5cm)}]start plot -| end plot) node[right] {$\cdot$};
    \def\x{0.5}\def\y{4}\def\p{0.55}
    \coordinate (Ux) at (\x,{ln(\x)});
    \coordinate (Uy) at (\y,{ln(\y)});
    \coordinate (Up) at ({\p*\x+(1-\p)*\y},{ln(\p*\x+(1-\p)*\y)});
    \draw (Ux) -- coordinate[pos=1-\p] (Up-mid) (Uy);
    \path let \p1=(Up-mid), \n1={pow(e,\y1*0.03514)} in (28.4576*\n1,\y1) coordinate (Up-mid2);
    \draw[my grid] (Ux) |- node[below,font=\scriptsize]{$x$} (origin) |- node[left,font=\scriptsize]{$u(x)$} cycle;
   \draw[my grid] (Uy) |- node[below,font=\scriptsize]{$y$} (origin) |- node[left,font=\scriptsize]{$u(y)$} cycle;
    \draw[my grid] (Up) |- node[below, yshift=2.25pt, font=\scriptsize]{$px+(1-p)y$} (origin) |- node[left,font=\scriptsize]
       {\llap{$u(px+(1-p)y)$}} cycle;
    \draw[my grid] (Up-mid) |- (origin) |- node[left,font=\scriptsize]{\llap{$pu(x)+(1-p)u(y)$}} cycle;
    \draw[my grid] (Up-mid) -- (Up-mid2);
    \end{tikzpicture}\\
  \caption{Risk Aversion}\label{RA}
\end{minipage}%
\hspace{2em}%
\begin{minipage}[b]{\dimexpr0.5\textwidth-1em}
  \centering
    \begin{tikzpicture}[my plot/.style={thick, smooth, samples=100, domain=0.1:5.5}, my grid/.style={densely dotted,opacity=0.5, every node/.style={black,opacity=1}}, my axis/.style={latex-latex},xscale=0.90909*\commonscalefactor,yscale=0.75*\commonscalefactor]
    \draw[my plot, color=black] (0,0) plot (\x,{(\x)});
    \coordinate (start plot) at (0,{(0)});
    \coordinate (end plot) at (5.5,{(5.5)});
    \draw[my axis] ([shift={(-0.5cm,0.5cm)}]start plot |- end plot) node[above] {$u(\cdot)$} |- node[coordinate](origin){} ([shift={(0.5cm,-0.5cm)}]start plot -| end plot) node[right] {$\cdot$};
    \def\x{0.5}\def\y{4}\def\p{0.55}
    \coordinate (Ux) at (\x,{(\x)});
    \coordinate (Uy) at (\y,{(\y)});
    \coordinate (Up) at ({\p*\x+(1-\p)*\y},{(\p*\x+(1-\p)*\y)});
    \draw (Ux) -- coordinate[pos=1-\p] (Up-mid) (Uy);
    \path let \p1=(Up-mid), \n1={pow(e,\y1*0.03514)} in (28.4576*\n1,\y1) coordinate (Up-mid2);
    \draw[my grid] (Ux) |- node[below,font=\scriptsize]{$x$} (origin) |- node[left,font=\scriptsize]{$u(x)$} cycle;
    \draw[my grid] (Uy) |- node[below,font=\scriptsize]{$y$} (origin) |- node[left,font=\scriptsize]{$u(y)$} cycle;
    \draw[my grid] (Up) |- node[below, yshift=2.25pt, font=\scriptsize]{$px+(1-p)y$} (origin) |- node[align=right,font=\scriptsize,xshift=-0.5em]{\llap{$pu(x)+(1-p)u(y)=$}\\\llap{$=u(px+(1-p)y)$}} cycle;
    \end{tikzpicture}\\
    \caption{Risk Neutrality}\label{RN}
  \end{minipage}%
\end{figure}
\end{document}

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