TikZ 中数组的随机样本

Question

有一些不错的工具前列腺素用于播放随机序列的包，特别是命令\pgfmathrandomitem可以完全按照您的要求执行。

更详细地说，MWE：

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{pgf}

\pgfmathsetseed{\number\time}% set a "random" seed based on time
\pgfmathdeclarerandomlist{myarray}{{1}{two}{2+1}{IV}{cinq}{sechs}{sin(\i*5)*14}}

\begin{document}
    \pgfmathrandomitem\myitem{myarray}\myitem

    \pgfmathrandomitem\myitem{myarray}\myitem

    \pgfmathrandomitem\myitem{myarray}\myitem

    \pgfmathrandomitem\myitem{myarray}\myitem
\end{document}

生成：

一个警告：这将给出一个随机列表重复。如果你想避免重复，请参阅如何在 LaTeX 中生成避免重复的随机问题列表？。

编辑（添加无重复的随机序列）

正如我上面所说，为了生成不重复的随机序列，我们可以利用 Mark Wibrow 的代码如何在 LaTeX 中生成避免重复的随机问题列表？下面的代码将所有内容包装成一对宏：

\DefineRandomSequence用于定义或设置我们要随机选择的序列。默认情况下，这将允许您生成此序列的随机元素重复但有 *-form，，\DefineRandomSequence*可以生成随机元素无重复。
\myitem打印列表中的随机元素。如果生成的序列没有重复，则如果没有更多元素可供选择，则会返回错误。

为了定义*形式，\DefineRandomSequence我使用\NewDocumentCommand了解析包裹。

完整代码如下：

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{pgf}
\usepackage{pgffor}% needed only for the examples
\usepackage{xparse}

% \DefineRandomSequence{<sequence>}: random elements with repeats
% \DefineRandomSequence*{<sequence>}: random elements without repeats
\NewDocumentCommand\DefineRandomSequence{sm}{%
   \pgfmathsetseed{\number\time}% set a "random" seed based on time
   \pgfmathdeclarerandomlist{myrandomlist}{#2}
   \IfBooleanTF{#1}{\let\pgfsequencegenerator\pgfmathrandomitemwithoutreplacement}
                    {\let\pgfsequencegenerator\pgfmathrandomitem}
}
% \myitem: print random element of sequence
\newcommand\myitem{\pgfsequencegenerator\randomitem{myrandomlist}\randomitem}

\makeatletter
% Mark Wibrow: https://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/113987/how-do-i-generate-in-latex-a-list-of-random-questions-avoiding-repetitions
\def\pgfmathrandomitemwithoutreplacement#1#2{%
    \pgfmath@ifundefined{pgfmath@randomlist@#2}{\pgfmath@error{Unknown random list `#2'}}{%
        \edef\pgfmath@randomlistlength{\csname pgfmath@randomlist@#2\endcsname}%
        \ifnum\pgfmath@randomlistlength>0\relax%
            \pgfmathrandominteger{\pgfmath@randomtemp}{1}{\pgfmath@randomlistlength}%
            \def\pgfmath@marshal{\def#1}%
            \expandafter\expandafter\expandafter\pgfmath@marshal\expandafter\expandafter\expandafter{\csname pgfmath@randomlist@#2@\pgfmath@randomtemp\endcsname}%
            % Now prune.
            \c@pgfmath@counta=\pgfmath@randomtemp\relax%
            \c@pgfmath@countb=\c@pgfmath@counta%
            \advance\c@pgfmath@countb by1\relax%
            \pgfmathloop%
            \ifnum\c@pgfmath@counta=\pgfmath@randomlistlength\relax%
            \else%
                \def\pgfmath@marshal{\expandafter\global\expandafter\let\csname pgfmath@randomlist@#2@\the\c@pgfmath@counta\endcsname=}%
                \expandafter\pgfmath@marshal\csname pgfmath@randomlist@#2@\the\c@pgfmath@countb\endcsname%
                \advance\c@pgfmath@counta by1\relax%
                \advance\c@pgfmath@countb by1\relax%
            \repeatpgfmathloop%
            \advance\c@pgfmath@counta by-1\relax%
            \expandafter\xdef\csname pgfmath@randomlist@#2\endcsname{\the\c@pgfmath@counta}%
        \else%
            \pgfmath@error{Random list `#2' is empty}%
        \fi%
    }}
\makeatother

\begin{document}

    With repeats:
    \DefineRandomSequence{{1}{two}{2+1}{IV}{cinq}{sechs}{sin(\i*5)*14}}
    \foreach \x in {1,...,5} { \myitem\space }

    Without repeats:
    \DefineRandomSequence*{{1}{two}{2+1}{IV}{cinq}{sechs}{sin(\i*5)*14}}
    \foreach \x in {1,...,5} { \myitem\space }

\end{document}

输出结果如下：

Answer 1