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Tikz 中的机械系统

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Tikz 中的机械系统

我正在尝试绘制与该线程中的图像类似的图像：

LaTeX 中的机械系统

如果你看一下杰克的回答，我想稍微修改一下......

    \begin{tikzpicture}[]
    \tikzstyle{spring}=[thick,decorate,decoration={zigzag,pre length=0.3cm,post length=0.3cm,segment length=6}]
    \tikzstyle{damper}=[thick,decoration={markings,  
      mark connection node=dmp,
      mark=at position 0.5 with 
      {
        \node (dmp) [thick,inner sep=0pt,transform shape,rotate=-90,minimum width=15pt,minimum height=3pt,draw=none] {};
        \draw [thick] ($(dmp.north east)+(2pt,0)$) -- (dmp.south east) -- (dmp.south west) -- ($(dmp.north west)+(2pt,0)$);
        \draw [thick] ($(dmp.north)+(0,-5pt)$) -- ($(dmp.north)+(0,5pt)$);
      }
    }, decorate]
    \tikzstyle{ground}=[fill,pattern=north east lines,draw=none,minimum width=0.75cm,minimum height=0.3cm]




    \node [style={draw,outer sep=0pt,thick}] (M) [minimum width=1cm, minimum height=2.5cm] {$m$};

    \node (ground) [ground,anchor=north,yshift=-0.25cm,minimum width=5.6cm,xshift=-0.03cm] at (M.south) {};
    \draw (ground.north east) -- (ground.north west);
    \draw (ground.south east) -- (ground.south west);
    \draw (ground.north east) -- (ground.south east);

    \node (fill) [ground,xshift=-0.15cm,minimum height = 0.3cm, minimum width = 0.3cm] at (ground.west) {};
    \draw (fill.north west) -- (fill.south west);
    \draw (fill.south west) -- (fill.south east);

\draw [thick] (M.south west) ++ (0.2cm,-0.125cm) circle (0.125cm)  (M.south east) ++ (-0.2cm,-0.125cm) circle (0.125cm);
\draw [thick] (M.south west) ++ (2.5cm,-0.625cm) circle (0.25cm)  (M.south east) ++ (-2.5cm,-0.625cm) circle (0.25cm);
\node (wall) [ground, rotate=-90, minimum width=3cm,yshift=-3cm] {};
\draw (wall.north east) -- (wall.north west);
\draw (wall.north west) -- (wall.south west);
\draw (wall.south west) -- (wall.south east);


\node (y) at (M.east) [xshift = 1.2cm] {$y$};

\draw [spring] (wall.170) -- ($(M.north west)!(wall.170)!(M.south west)$);
\draw [damper] (wall.10) -- ($(M.north west)!(wall.10)!(M.south west)$);
\node (b) at (wall.10) [xshift = 1.2cm,yshift=0.55cm] {$b$};
\node (k) at (wall.170) [xshift = 1.2cm,yshift=0.35cm] {$k$};

\draw [-latex,ultra thick] (M.east) ++ (0cm,0cm) -- +(1cm,0cm);
\draw [-latex,ultra thick] (wall.north west) ++ (0cm, 0.5cm) -- +(1cm,0cm);
\draw [dashed] (wall.north west) ++ (0cm, 0cm) -- +(0cm,0.8cm);
    \end{tikzpicture}

注意称为的节点(fill)，它们用于确保质量表面m是一个连续的表面（手推车……）然而，放大后，我看到线条之间不连续。我该如何解决这个问题？

我是 Tikz 的新手，因此我希望找到一个不会让我完全失望的解决方案 - 简单的解决方案会更受赞赏。

边境断绝 在此处输入图片描述

因此，我现在正尝试绘制第二张图像，并且它几乎完成了，除了一些小故障......（我选择不创建新线程，因为它几乎是相同的代码......）

我怎样才能使地板的高度与墙的宽度相同？当我更改它时，它会画出一些奇怪的东西……

\begin{center}\hspace*{-4.5cm}
\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=1.1, every node/.style={scale=1.3},
spring/.style={thick,decorate,decoration={zigzag,pre length=0.3cm,post length=0.3cm,segment length=6}},
damper/.style={thick,decoration={markings,  
  mark connection node=dmp,
  mark=at position 0.5 with 
  {
    \node (dmp) [thick,inner sep=0pt,transform shape,rotate=-90,minimum width=15pt,minimum height=3pt,draw=none] {};
    \draw [thick] ($(dmp.north east)+(2pt,0)$) -- (dmp.south east) -- (dmp.south west) -- ($(dmp.north west)+(2pt,0)$);
    \draw [thick] ($(dmp.north)+(0,-5pt)$) -- ($(dmp.north)+(0,5pt)$);
  }
}, decorate},
ground/.style={minimum width=0.75cm,minimum height=0.3cm}
]
\node [draw, outer sep=0pt, thick] (M) [minimum width=2cm, minimum height=1.5cm] {$m_1$};
\node [draw, outer sep=0pt, thick] (M2) [minimum width=2cm, minimum height=1.5cm, xshift = 4cm] {$m_2$};
\draw [thick, fill=white] (M2.south west) ++ (0.2cm,-0.125cm) circle (0.125cm)  (M2.south east) ++ (-0.2cm,-0.125cm) circle (0.125cm);

\node (ground) [anchor=north,minimum width=13cm] at (M.south) {};
\draw [spring] (M.east) -- (M2.west);
\draw [thick, fill=white] (M.south west) ++ (0.2cm,-0.125cm) circle (0.125cm)  (M.south east) ++ (-0.2cm,-0.125cm) circle (0.125cm);

\node (wall) [rotate=-90, minimum width=3cm,yshift=-3cm] {};

\draw[pattern=north east lines ] (wall.south west)|-(ground.south east)|-(wall.north east)|- cycle;

\draw [damper] (wall.75) -- ($(M.north west)!(wall.75)!(M.south west)$);


\node (b) at (wall.75) [xshift = 1cm,yshift=0.55cm] {$b$};
\node (k) at (wall.75) [xshift = 4.85cm,yshift=0.35cm] {$k$};



\draw [-latex,ultra thick] (M2.east) ++ (0cm,0cm) -- +(1cm,0cm);


\draw [-latex,ultra thick] (M.north east) ++ (0cm, 0.5cm) -- +(1cm,0cm);
\draw [dashed] (M.north east) ++ (0cm, 0cm) -- +(0cm,0.8cm);
\node (y1) at (M.north east) [xshift = 1.2cm, yshift = 0.5cm] {$y_1$};

\draw [-latex,ultra thick] (M2.north east) ++ (0cm, 0.5cm) -- +(1cm,0cm);
\draw [dashed] (M2.north east) ++ (0cm, 0cm) -- +(0cm,0.8cm);
\node (y1) at (M2.north east) [xshift = 1.2cm, yshift = 0.5cm] {$y_2$};

\end{tikzpicture}
\end{center}

我已经迁移到另一种解决方案：

\begin{center}
\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=1.1, every node/.style={scale=1.3}]
\tikzstyle{spring}=[thick,decorate,decoration={zigzag,pre length=0.3cm,post length=0.3cm,segment length=6}]
\tikzstyle{damper}=[thick,decoration={markings,  
  mark connection node=dmp,
  mark=at position 0.5 with 
  {
    \node (dmp) [thick,inner sep=0pt,transform shape,rotate=-90,minimum width=15pt,minimum height=3pt,draw=none] {};
    \draw [thick] ($(dmp.north east)+(2pt,0)$) -- (dmp.south east) -- (dmp.south west) -- ($(dmp.north west)+(2pt,0)$);
    \draw [thick] ($(dmp.north)+(0,-5pt)$) -- ($(dmp.north)+(0,5pt)$);
  }
}, decorate]
\tikzstyle{ground}=[fill,pattern=north east lines,draw=none,minimum width=0.75cm,minimum height=0.3cm,inner sep=0pt,outer sep=0pt]

\node [draw, outer sep=0pt, thick] (M) [minimum width=2cm, minimum height=1.5cm] {$m_1$};
\node [draw, outer sep=0pt, thick] (M2) [minimum width=2cm, minimum height=1.5cm, xshift = 4cm] {$m_2$};
\draw [thick, fill=white] (M2.south west) ++ (0.2cm,-0.125cm) circle (0.125cm)  (M2.south east) ++ (-0.2cm,-0.125cm) circle (0.125cm);

%\node (ground) [anchor=north,minimum width=13cm] at (M.south) {};
\node (ground) [ground,anchor=north,yshift=-0.2cm,minimum width=10cm,xshift=2.03cm] at (M.south) {};
\draw (ground.north east) -- (ground.north west);
\draw (ground.south east) -- (ground.south west);
\draw (ground.north east) -- (ground.south east);

\node (fill) [ground,xshift=-0.15cm,minimum height = 0.3cm, minimum width = 0.3cm] at (ground.west) {};
\draw (fill.north west) -- (fill.south west);
\draw (fill.south west) -- (fill.south east);

\draw [spring] (M.east) -- (M2.west);
\draw [thick, fill=white] (M.south west) ++ (0.2cm,-0.125cm) circle (0.125cm)  (M.south east) ++ (-0.2cm,-0.125cm) circle (0.125cm);

\node (wall) [ground, rotate=-90, minimum width=3cm,anchor=south east] at (fill.north west) {};
\draw (wall.north east) -- (wall.north west);
\draw (wall.north west) -- (wall.south west);
\draw (wall.south west) -- (wall.south east);

%\node (wall) [rotate=-90, minimum width=3cm,yshift=-3cm] {};

%\draw[pattern=north east lines ] (wall.south west)|-(ground.south east)|-(wall.north east)|- cycle;

\draw [damper] (wall.15) -- ($(M.north west)!(wall.15)!(M.south west)$);


\node (b) at (wall.15) [xshift = 1cm,yshift=0.55cm] {$b$};
\node (k) at (wall.15) [xshift = 4.85cm,yshift=0.35cm] {$k$};



\draw [-latex,ultra thick] (M2.east) ++ (0cm,0cm) -- +(1cm,0cm);


\draw [-latex,ultra thick] (M.north east) ++ (0cm, 0.5cm) -- +(1cm,0cm);
\draw [dashed] (M.north east) ++ (0cm, 0cm) -- +(0cm,0.8cm);
\node (y1) at (M.north east) [xshift = 1.2cm, yshift = 0.5cm] {$y_1$};

\draw [-latex,ultra thick] (M2.north east) ++ (0cm, 0.5cm) -- +(1cm,0cm);
\draw [dashed] (M2.north east) ++ (0cm, 0cm) -- +(0cm,0.8cm);
\node (y1) at (M2.north east) [xshift = 1.2cm, yshift = 0.5cm] {$y_2$};
\node (y1) at (M2.east) [xshift = 1.05cm] {$u$};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{center}

创建这个

答案1

角框北侧和东侧的白色空间是由于节点默认具有非零值inner sep。outer sep可以进行的其他更改是相对于其他节点定位节点以及使用节点锚点。

只需添加inner sep=0pt,outer sep=0pt即可\tikzstyle{ground}{...}解决角落方块的问题。

\documentclass[tikz]{standalone}
\usetikzlibrary{calc,patterns,decorations.pathmorphing,decorations.markings}

\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\tikzstyle{spring}=[thick,decorate,decoration={zigzag,pre length=0.3cm,post length=0.3cm,segment length=6}]
\tikzstyle{damper}=[thick,decoration={markings,  
  mark connection node=dmp,
  mark=at position 0.5 with 
  {
    \node (dmp) [thick,inner sep=0pt,transform shape,rotate=-90,minimum width=15pt,minimum height=3pt,draw=none] {};
    \draw [thick] ($(dmp.north east)+(2pt,0)$) -- (dmp.south east) -- (dmp.south west) -- ($(dmp.north west)+(2pt,0)$);
    \draw [thick] ($(dmp.north)+(0,-5pt)$) -- ($(dmp.north)+(0,5pt)$);
  }
}, decorate]
\tikzstyle{ground}=[fill,pattern=north east lines,draw=none,minimum width=0.75cm,minimum height=0.3cm,inner sep=0pt,outer sep=0pt]

\node [style={draw,outer sep=0pt,thick}] (M) [minimum width=1cm, minimum height=2.5cm] {$m$};

\node (ground) [ground,anchor=north,yshift=-0.25cm,minimum width=5.6cm,xshift=-0.03cm] at (M.south) {};
\draw (ground.north east) -- (ground.north west);
\draw (ground.south east) -- (ground.south west);
\draw (ground.north east) -- (ground.south east);

\node (fill) [ground,xshift=-0.15cm,minimum height = 0.3cm, minimum width = 0.3cm] at (ground.west) {};
\draw (fill.north west) -- (fill.south west);
\draw (fill.south west) -- (fill.south east);

\draw [thick] (M.south west) ++ (0.2cm,-0.125cm) circle (0.125cm)  (M.south east) ++ (-0.2cm,-0.125cm) circle (0.125cm);
\draw [thick] (M.south west) ++ (2.5cm,-0.625cm) circle (0.25cm)  (M.south east) ++ (-2.5cm,-0.625cm) circle (0.25cm);
\node (wall) [ground, rotate=-90, minimum width=3cm,yshift=-3cm] {};
\draw (wall.north east) -- (wall.north west);
\draw (wall.north west) -- (wall.south west);
\draw (wall.south west) -- (wall.south east);

\node (y) at (M.east) [xshift = 1.2cm] {$y$};

\draw [spring] (wall.170) -- ($(M.north west)!(wall.170)!(M.south west)$);
\draw [damper] (wall.10) -- ($(M.north west)!(wall.10)!(M.south west)$);

\draw [-latex,ultra thick] (M.east) ++ (0cm,0cm) -- +(1cm,0cm);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

在此处输入图片描述

然而，垂直的墙面位置仍然不太合适，我们可以替换\node (wall) [ground, rotate=-90, minimum width=3cm,yshift=-3cm] {};为\node (wall) [ground, rotate=-90, minimum width=3cm,anchor=south east] at (fill.north west) {};指定south east墙角后它已旋转了-90度（因此在图像中角落south west）应该位于north west角块的角落处。

\documentclass[tikz]{standalone}
\usetikzlibrary{calc,patterns,decorations.pathmorphing,decorations.markings}

\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\tikzstyle{spring}=[thick,decorate,decoration={zigzag,pre length=0.3cm,post length=0.3cm,segment length=6}]
\tikzstyle{damper}=[thick,decoration={markings,  
  mark connection node=dmp,
  mark=at position 0.5 with 
  {
    \node (dmp) [thick,inner sep=0pt,transform shape,rotate=-90,minimum width=15pt,minimum height=3pt,draw=none] {};
    \draw [thick] ($(dmp.north east)+(2pt,0)$) -- (dmp.south east) -- (dmp.south west) -- ($(dmp.north west)+(2pt,0)$);
    \draw [thick] ($(dmp.north)+(0,-5pt)$) -- ($(dmp.north)+(0,5pt)$);
  }
}, decorate]
\tikzstyle{ground}=[fill,pattern=north east lines,draw=none,minimum width=0.75cm,minimum height=0.3cm,inner sep=0pt,outer sep=0pt]

\node [style={draw,outer sep=0pt,thick}] (M) [minimum width=1cm, minimum height=2.5cm] {$m$};

\node (ground) [ground,anchor=north,yshift=-0.25cm,minimum width=5.6cm,xshift=-0.03cm] at (M.south) {};
\draw (ground.north east) -- (ground.north west);
\draw (ground.south east) -- (ground.south west);
\draw (ground.north east) -- (ground.south east);

\node (fill) [ground,xshift=-0.15cm,minimum height = 0.3cm, minimum width = 0.3cm] at (ground.west) {};
\draw (fill.north west) -- (fill.south west);
\draw (fill.south west) -- (fill.south east);

\draw [thick] (M.south west) ++ (0.2cm,-0.125cm) circle (0.125cm)  (M.south east) ++ (-0.2cm,-0.125cm) circle (0.125cm);
\draw [thick] (M.south west) ++ (2.5cm,-0.625cm) circle (0.25cm)  (M.south east) ++ (-2.5cm,-0.625cm) circle (0.25cm);
\node (wall) [ground, rotate=-90, minimum width=3cm,anchor=south east] at (fill.north west) {};
\draw (wall.north east) -- (wall.north west);
\draw (wall.north west) -- (wall.south west);
\draw (wall.south west) -- (wall.south east);

\node (y) at (M.east) [xshift = 1.2cm] {$y$};

\draw [spring] (wall.170) -- ($(M.north west)!(wall.170)!(M.south west)$);
\draw [damper] (wall.10) -- ($(M.north west)!(wall.10)!(M.south west)$);

\draw [-latex,ultra thick] (M.east) ++ (0cm,0cm) -- +(1cm,0cm);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

在此处输入图片描述

为了响应 OP 更新的代码，我做了一些更改，主要是沿路径定义节点，以便更自动地放置它们。例如

\draw [-latex,ultra thick] (M.north east) ++ (0cm, 0.5cm) -- +(1cm,0cm);
\node (y1) at (M.north east) [xshift = 1.2cm, yshift = 0.5cm] {$y_1$};

可以替换为

\draw [-latex,ultra thick] (M.north east) ++(0cm, 0.5cm) -- +(1cm,0cm) node [right] (y1) {$y_1$};

它将y1节点放置在刚刚绘制的箭头的末端，在我看来，这已经将标签$y_1$置于自然位置，对我来说，这比定义节点相对于箭头起点的位置更有意义。当然，仍然可以使用xshift和yshift进行精细定位，但现在这些移位只需要进行小得多的调整（正如我下面所做的定位节点b）。

\documentclass[tikz]{standalone}
\usetikzlibrary{calc,patterns,decorations.pathmorphing,decorations.markings}

\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=1.1, every node/.style={scale=1.3}]
\tikzstyle{spring}=[thick,decorate,decoration={zigzag,pre length=0.3cm,post length=0.3cm,segment length=6}]
\tikzstyle{damper}=[thick,decoration={markings,  
  mark connection node=dmp,
  mark=at position 0.5 with 
  {
    \node (dmp) [thick,inner sep=0pt,transform shape,rotate=-90,minimum width=15pt,minimum height=3pt,draw=none] {};
    \draw [thick] ($(dmp.north east)+(2pt,0)$) -- (dmp.south east) -- (dmp.south west) -- ($(dmp.north west)+(2pt,0)$);
    \draw [thick] ($(dmp.north)+(0,-5pt)$) -- ($(dmp.north)+(0,5pt)$);
  }
}, decorate]
\tikzstyle{ground}=[fill,pattern=north east lines,draw=none,minimum width=0.75cm,minimum height=0.3cm,inner sep=0pt,outer sep=0pt]

\node [draw, outer sep=0pt, thick] (M) [minimum width=2cm, minimum height=1.5cm] {$m_1$};
\node [draw, outer sep=0pt, thick] (M2) [minimum width=2cm, minimum height=1.5cm, xshift = 4cm] {$m_2$};
\draw [thick, fill=white] (M2.south west) ++(0.2cm,-0.125cm) circle (0.125cm)  (M2.south east) ++(-0.2cm,-0.125cm) circle (0.125cm);

\node (ground) [ground,anchor=north,yshift=-0.2cm,minimum width=10cm,xshift=2.03cm] at (M.south) {};
\draw (ground.north west) -- (ground.north east) -- (ground.south east) -- (ground.south west);

\node (fill) [ground,xshift=-0.15cm,minimum height = 0.3cm, minimum width = 0.3cm] at (ground.west) {};
\draw (fill.north west) -- (fill.south west) -- (fill.south east);

\draw [spring] (M.east) -- (M2.west) node (k) [midway,above] {$k$};
\draw [thick, fill=white] (M.south west) ++(0.2cm,-0.125cm) circle (0.125cm)  (M.south east) ++(-0.2cm,-0.125cm) circle (0.125cm);

\node (wall) [ground, rotate=-90, minimum width=3cm,anchor=south east] at (fill.north west) {};
\draw (wall.north east) -- (wall.north west) -- (wall.south west) -- (wall.south east);

\draw [damper] (wall.15) -- ($(M.north west)!(wall.15)!(M.south west)$) node [midway,yshift=0.5cm] {$b$};

\draw [-latex,ultra thick] (M2.east) -- +(1cm,0cm) node [right] (u) {$u$};

\draw [-latex,ultra thick] (M.north east) ++(0cm, 0.5cm) -- +(1cm,0cm) node [right] (y1) {$y_1$};
\draw [dashed] (M.north east) -- +(0cm,0.8cm);

\draw [-latex,ultra thick] (M2.north east) ++(0cm, 0.5cm) -- +(1cm,0cm) node [right] (y2) {$y_2$};
\draw [dashed] (M2.north east) -- +(0cm,0.8cm);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

在此处输入图片描述

答案2

新答案

正如 Hans-Peter E. Kristiansen 指出的那样，我最初的假设（原始答案）patterns是错误的，尽管它不会使解决方案无效。

无论如何，我一直在努力解决看似 OP 的问题：How to draw a filled wall+ground corner with a certain width。

我之前的回答和戴博文的回答都是以未绘制的节点为基础的，后来这些节点被用作绘制图案角的参考。

在这种情况下，我展示了另一种方法。

首先，绘制带有（或不带有）所有所需标签的机械系统：

在此处输入图片描述

现在我们想绘制一个足够大的地面角来容纳系统。但可能我们不知道或不想计算系统尺寸。没问题，TikZ可以帮助我们，因为在每个绘图命令之后，它都会计算一个current bounging box足够大的节点来包含到目前为止所绘制的内容。这就是下图中虚线红色矩形所示的内容：

在此处输入图片描述

并且这个current bounding box节点的角可以作为参考来绘制所需的墙面和地面。

作为示例，\drawwall已定义命令来简化此任务。它使用三个参数，第一个是current bounding box.north与墙最顶部线之间的垂直距离，第二个是current bounding box.east与地面最右端之间的距离，第三个是墙/地面宽度。

%#1 - vertical oversize
%#2 - horizontal oversize
%#3 - wall width
\newcommand{\drawwall}[3]{%
    \draw[ground]% 
    (current bounding box.south west)|-
    ([shift={(-#3,#1)}]current bounding box.north west)|-
    ([shift={(#2,-#3)}]current bounding box.south east)|-
    cycle;
}

通过这个命令很容易获得：

在此处输入图片描述

或者

在此处输入图片描述

无需担心系统尺寸、规模……

前面示例的完整代码是：

\documentclass[border=3mm, tikz]{standalone}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{decorations.pathmorphing,
    decorations.markings,
   calc, patterns,
   positioning}

%#1 - vertical oversize
%#2 - horizontal oversize
%#3 - wall width
\newcommand{\drawwall}[3]{%
    \draw[ground]% 
    (current bounding box.south west)|-
    ([shift={(-#3,#1)}]current bounding box.north west)|-
    ([shift={(#2,-#3)}]current bounding box.south east)|-
    cycle;
}

\tikzset{%
    spring/.style={thick,
        decorate,
        decoration={zigzag, 
                    pre length=0.3cm, 
                    post length=0.3cm, 
                    segment length=6}},
    damper/.style={thick,
        decorate,
        decoration={markings,  
            mark connection node=dmp,
            mark=at position 0.5 with 
            {
                \node (dmp) [thick, inner sep=0pt, 
                    transform shape, 
                    rotate=-90, 
                    minimum width=15pt, 
                    minimum height=3pt, draw=none] {};
                \draw [thick] ($(dmp.north east)+(2pt,0)$) -- 
                    (dmp.south east) -- (dmp.south west) -- 
                    ($(dmp.north west)+(2pt,0)$);
                \draw [thick] ($(dmp.north)+(0,-5pt)$) -- 
                    ($(dmp.north)+(0,5pt)$);
            }}},
    ground/.style={pattern = north east lines},
    mass/.style={draw, thick, outer sep=0pt, 
            minimum width=2cm, minimum height=1.5cm},
    wheel/.style={draw, thick, circle, outer sep=0pt, 
            inner sep=0pt, minimum size=.25cm, anchor=north},
    force/.style={-latex, ultra thick},
}

\begin{document}

\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=1.1, 
    every node/.style={scale=1.3},
]

\node [mass] (M1) {$m_1$};
\node [wheel] at ([xshift=3mm]M1.south west) (W11) {};
\node [wheel] at ([xshift=-3mm]M1.south east) (W12) {};

\node [mass, right= 3cm of M1] (M2) {$m_2$};
\node [wheel] at ([xshift=3mm]M2.south west) (W21) {};
\node [wheel] at ([xshift=-3mm]M2.south east) (W22) {};

\draw [spring] (M1.east) -- node[above=3mm] {$k$} (M2.west);
\draw [damper] (M1.west) -- node[above=3mm] {$b$} ++(180:2cm);

\draw [dashed] (M1.north east)--++(90:8mm);
\draw [force] ([yshift=4mm]M1.north east)--++(0:1cm) node [right] {$y_1$};

\draw [dashed] (M2.north east)--++(90:8mm);
\draw [force] (M2.east)--++(0:1cm) node[right] {$u$};
\draw [force] ([yshift=4mm]M2.north east)--++(0:1cm) node[right] {$y_2$};

\draw[dashed, red!30, thin] (current bounding box.north west) rectangle (current bounding box.south east);

\drawwall{5mm}{5mm}{5mm}
\end{tikzpicture}

\begin{tikzpicture}
\node [mass, minimum height=4cm] (M1) {$m_1$};
\node [wheel] at ([xshift=3mm]M1.south west) (W11) {};
\node [wheel] at ([xshift=-3mm]M1.south east) (W12) {};

\draw [spring] ([yshift=1cm]M1.west) -- node[above=3mm] {$k$} ++(180:2cm);
\draw [damper] ([yshift=-1cm]M1.west) -- node[above=3mm] {$b$} ++(180:2cm);

\draw[dashed, red!30, thin] (current bounding box.north west) rectangle (current bounding box.south east);

\drawwall{5mm}{5mm}{5mm}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

原始答案

我认为每个patterns都有自己的起源，因此它们在每个节点内都是独立绘制的。

因此，如果您想获得连续的图案，您应该将填充区域声明为一个整体。

我在下面的代码中所做的就是保留你的ground和wall节点作为参考，但不绘制或填充任何图案。一旦它们存在，它们就可以用来声明整个区域：

\draw[pattern=north east lines ] (wall.south west)|-(ground.south east)|-(wall.north east)|- cycle;

为了理解上一行，您应该记住wall节点已旋转（rotate=-90），因此其左上角是south west而不是north west，而右下角是north east。

有了先前的声明，fill节点就不再需要了。

我还将tikzstyle弃用的声明更改为tikzstyle。

\documentclass[border=2mm, tikz]{standalone}
\usetikzlibrary{patterns, calc,  decorations.pathmorphing,decorations.markings}

\begin{document}

\begin{tikzpicture}[
spring/.style={thick,decorate,decoration={zigzag,pre length=0.3cm,post length=0.3cm,segment length=6}},
damper/.style={thick,decoration={markings,  
  mark connection node=dmp,
  mark=at position 0.5 with 
  {
    \node (dmp) [thick,inner sep=0pt,transform shape,rotate=-90,minimum width=15pt,minimum height=3pt,draw=none] {};
    \draw [thick] ($(dmp.north east)+(2pt,0)$) -- (dmp.south east) -- (dmp.south west) -- ($(dmp.north west)+(2pt,0)$);
    \draw [thick] ($(dmp.north)+(0,-5pt)$) -- ($(dmp.north)+(0,5pt)$);
  }
}, decorate},
ground/.style={minimum width=0.75cm,minimum height=0.3cm}
]

\node [draw, outer sep=0pt, thick] (M) [minimum width=1cm, minimum height=2.5cm] {$m$};

\node (ground) [anchor=north,yshift=-0.25cm,minimum width=5.6cm,xshift=-0.03cm] at (M.south) {};

\draw [thick] (M.south west) ++ (0.2cm,-0.125cm) circle (0.125cm)  (M.south east) ++ (-0.2cm,-0.125cm) circle (0.125cm);
\draw [thick] (M.south west) ++ (2.5cm,-0.625cm) circle (0.25cm)  (M.south east) ++ (-2.5cm,-0.625cm) circle (0.25cm);

\node (wall) [rotate=-90, minimum width=3cm,yshift=-3cm] {};

\draw[pattern=north east lines ] (wall.south west)|-(ground.south east)|-(wall.north east)|- cycle;

\node (y) at (M.east) [xshift = 1.2cm] {$y$};

\draw [spring] (wall.170) -- ($(M.north west)!(wall.170)!(M.south west)$);
\draw [damper] (wall.10) -- ($(M.north west)!(wall.10)!(M.south west)$);

\draw [-latex,ultra thick] (M.east) ++ (0cm,0cm) -- +(1cm,0cm);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

在此处输入图片描述

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