我正在运行带有外部 3TB 硬盘的 Debian Jessie 机器。在过去的几天里，驱动器已离线两次，尝试 [ls] 结果没有显示任何内容，Dolphin 中也是如此。
运行smartctl -a /dev/sdc结果如下。请注意，该驱动器只有几个月的历史，但它保存了我相当大的视频收藏，并使用 Plex 媒体服务器进行管理和查看。
smartctl 6.4 2014-10-07 r4002 [x86_64-linux-3.16.0-4-amd64] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-14, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Model Family: Seagate Barracuda 7200.14 (AF)
Device Model: ST3000DM001-1E6166
Serial Number: Z1F4HXVG
LU WWN Device Id: 5 000c50 065ca347a
Firmware Version: SC48
User Capacity: 3,000,592,982,016 bytes [3.00 TB]
Sector Sizes: 512 bytes logical, 4096 bytes physical
Rotation Rate: 7200 rpm
Form Factor: 3.5 inches
Device is: In smartctl database [for details use: -P show]
ATA Version is: ATA8-ACS T13/1699-D revision 4
SATA Version is: SATA 3.0, 6.0 Gb/s (current: 3.0 Gb/s)
Local Time is: Wed Dec 10 21:04:09 2014 GMT
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled
=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART Status command failed: scsi error medium or hardware error (serious)
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED
Warning: This result is based on an Attribute check.
See vendor-specific Attribute list for marginal Attributes.
General SMART Values:
Offline data collection status: (0x00) Offline data collection activity
was never started.
Auto Offline Data Collection: Disabled.
Self-test execution status: ( 0) The previous self-test routine completed
without error or no self-test has ever
been run.
Total time to complete Offline
data collection: ( 592) seconds.
Offline data collection
capabilities: (0x73) SMART execute Offline immediate.
Auto Offline data collection on/off support.
Suspend Offline collection upon new
command.
No Offline surface scan supported.
Self-test supported.
Conveyance Self-test supported.
Selective Self-test supported.
SMART capabilities: (0x0003) Saves SMART data before entering
power-saving mode.
Supports SMART auto save timer.
Error logging capability: (0x01) Error logging supported.
General Purpose Logging supported.
Short self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 1) minutes.
Extended self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 361) minutes.
Conveyance self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 2) minutes.
SCT capabilities: (0x3081) SCT Status supported.
SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 10
Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME FLAG VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE UPDATED WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate 0x000f 113 099 006 Pre-fail Always - 55323488
3 Spin_Up_Time 0x0003 092 091 000 Pre-fail Always - 0
4 Start_Stop_Count 0x0032 100 100 020 Old_age Always - 55
5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct 0x0033 100 100 010 Pre-fail Always - 0
7 Seek_Error_Rate 0x000f 058 052 030 Pre-fail Always - 150347021957
9 Power_On_Hours 0x0032 095 095 000 Old_age Always - 5157
10 Spin_Retry_Count 0x0013 100 100 097 Pre-fail Always - 0
12 Power_Cycle_Count 0x0032 100 100 020 Old_age Always - 48
183 Runtime_Bad_Block 0x0032 099 099 000 Old_age Always - 1
184 End-to-End_Error 0x0032 100 100 099 Old_age Always - 0
187 Reported_Uncorrect 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
188 Command_Timeout 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0 0 0
189 High_Fly_Writes 0x003a 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
190 Airflow_Temperature_Cel 0x0022 056 037 045 Old_age Always In_the_past 44 (Min/Max 41/52 #7782)
191 G-Sense_Error_Rate 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
192 Power-Off_Retract_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 5
193 Load_Cycle_Count 0x0032 096 096 000 Old_age Always - 8971
194 Temperature_Celsius 0x0022 044 063 000 Old_age Always - 44 (0 16 0 0 0)
197 Current_Pending_Sector 0x0012 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
198 Offline_Uncorrectable 0x0010 100 100 000 Old_age Offline - 0
199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count 0x003e 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 0
240 Head_Flying_Hours 0x0000 100 253 000 Old_age Offline - 3274h+33m+50.476s
241 Total_LBAs_Written 0x0000 100 253 000 Old_age Offline - 6233106761
242 Total_LBAs_Read 0x0000 100 253 000 Old_age Offline - 8133666728
SMART Error Log Version: 1
No Errors Logged
SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
No self-tests have been logged. [To run self-tests, use: smartctl -t]
SMART Selective self-test log data structure revision number 1
SPAN MIN_LBA MAX_LBA CURRENT_TEST_STATUS
1 0 0 Not_testing
2 0 0 Not_testing
3 0 0 Not_testing
4 0 0 Not_testing
5 0 0 Not_testing
Selective self-test flags (0x0):
After scanning selected spans, do NOT read-scan remainder of disk.
If Selective self-test is pending on power-up, resume after 0 minute delay.
答案1
smartctl 报告您的磁盘设备问题，而不是连接问题，因此，如果您使用 USB 适配器连接此磁盘，您应该考虑测试此 USB 适配器的质量，它们并不都是合格的，而且其中很多质量很差
关于此日志，我看到的第一件事是：没有坏扇区（Reallocated_Sector_Ct），也没有待处理扇区（Current_Pending_Sector），因此磁盘表面似乎是干净的。然而我看到的第二件事是：没有自检日志。所以我建议你可以安排一些扩展（长时间）的自测。偶尔扫描一次表面是否有缺陷（假设每月一次）是一个很好的做法。使用这样的命令
smartctl -t long /dev/XXX，其中 xxx 是系统上设备的名称。如果没有成功或没有正确终止，可能是因为 USB 适配器的质量，在这种情况下尝试将磁盘连接到 PC 上的 SATA 端口，至少，仅用于测试目的，无需关闭 PC（笔记本电脑除外）即可轻松安装和卸载 SATA 设备。
希望这可以帮助。