makeindex（或 imakeidx）可以很好地按数字进行索引，除非您添加文本强调（粗体或斜体），如图所示。为了强制对第二组进行正确的排序，我想用额外的空格填充数字，假设数字只有 3 位数字，例如行中的宏变量 \padthreedigits
\index[test]{{\bfseries{#3}}!\textit{\padthreedigits{#2}}: #1}
以下是示例（参数＃2是填充的目标）
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{imakeidx}
\newcommand{\addreftoindex}[3]{
% ** This is the offending line
\index[test]{{\bfseries{#3}}!\textit{#2}: #1}
}
\makeindex
\makeindex[title=My Index, columnseprule, name=test]
\begin{document}
Lorem Ipsum is \addreftoindex{book 1}{5}{Author 15} simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry.
To show that getvalue works, \addreftoindex{book 1}{9}{Author 15}I want the bookname I cited here: \addreftoindex{book 1}{11}{Author 15}
Lorem Ipsum has been the industry's standard dummy text ever since the~1500s,
when an unknown printer took a galley of type and scrambled it to make a type
specimen book.
It \addreftoindex{book 9}{9}{Author 01}has survived not only \addreftoindex{book 9}{1}{Author 01}five centuries, but \addreftoindex{book 9}{11}{Author 01}also the leap into
electronic typesetting, remaining essentially unchanged. Now add the reference
\printindex[test]
\end{document}
答案1
假设\indexdigits“999”的长度\padthreedigits可以定义为
\newcommand\padthreedigits[1]{\hbox to \indexdigits{\hfill#1}}
以你的例子来说：
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{imakeidx}
\newdimen\indexdigits
\setbox0\hbox{999}
\indexdigits\wd0
\newcommand\padthreedigits[1]{\hbox to \indexdigits{\hfill#1}}
\newcommand{\addreftoindex}[3]{
\index[test]{{\bfseries{#3}}!\textit{\padthreedigits{#2}}: #1}
}
\makeindex
\makeindex[title=My Index, columnseprule, name=test]
\begin{document}
Lorem Ipsum is \addreftoindex{book 1}{5}{Author 15} simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry.
To show that getvalue works, \addreftoindex{book 1}{9}{Author 15}I want the bookname I cited here: \addreftoindex{book 1}{11}{Author 15}
Lorem Ipsum has been the industry's standard dummy text ever since the~1500s,
when an unknown printer took a galley of type and scrambled it to make a type
specimen book.
It \addreftoindex{book 9}{9}{Author 01}has survived not only \addreftoindex{book 9}{1}{Author 01}five centuries, but \addreftoindex{book 9}{11}{Author 01}also the leap into
electronic typesetting, remaining essentially unchanged. Now add the reference
\printindex[test]
\end{document}
最后，关于索引的排序，你会说
\newcommand{\addreftoindex}[3]{
\index[test]{{\bfseries{#3}}!#2@\textit{\padthreedigits{#2}}: #1}
}
答案2
<sort by>@<entry>如果可能包含奇怪的东西，请考虑使用符号<entry>，而应按以下方式排序<sort by>：
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{imakeidx}
\newcommand{\addreftoindex}[3]{
% ** This is the offending line
\index[test]{{\bfseries{#3}}!#2@\makebox[0pt][r]{\textit{#2}}: #1}
}
\makeindex[title=My Index, columnseprule, name=test]
\begin{document}
Lorem Ipsum is \addreftoindex{book 1}{5}{Author 15} simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry.
To show that getvalue works, \addreftoindex{book 1}{9}{Author 15}I want the bookname I cited here: \addreftoindex{book 1}{11}{Author 15}
Lorem Ipsum has been the industry's standard dummy text ever since the~1500s,
when an unknown printer took a galley of type and scrambled it to make a type
specimen book.
It \addreftoindex{book 9}{9}{Author 01}has survived not only \addreftoindex{book 9}{1}{Author 01}five centuries,
but \addreftoindex{book 9}{11}{Author 01}also the leap into
electronic typesetting, remaining essentially unchanged. Now add the reference
\printindex[test]
\end{document}
元素的格式已设置r为在零宽度框内右对齐。您可以将 改为0pt更大的尺寸，以将项目进一步移至右侧。
答案3
想法是使用@；我们还希望宏不会不合时宜地扩展。
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{etoolbox}
\usepackage{imakeidx}
\makeindex[title=My Index, columnseprule, name=test]
\newrobustcmd{\addreftoindex}[3]{%
\index[test]{\formatauthor{#3}!#2@\padnumber{#2}: #1}%
}
\newrobustcmd{\formatauthor}[1]{\textbf{#1}}
\newrobustcmd{\padnumber}[1]{%
\textit{\ifnum#1<10 \hphantom{00}\else\ifnum#1<100 \hphantom{0}\fi\fi#1}%
}
\begin{document}
Lorem Ipsum is \addreftoindex{book 1}{5}{Author 15} simply dummy text
of the printing and typesetting industry.
To show that getvalue works, \addreftoindex{book 1}{9}{Author 15}I want
the bookname I cited here: \addreftoindex{book 1}{11}{Author 15}
Lorem Ipsum has been the industry's standard dummy text ever since the~1500s,
when an unknown printer took a galley of type and scrambled it to make a type
specimen book.
It \addreftoindex{book 9}{9}{Author 01}has survived not only
\addreftoindex{book 9}{1}{Author 01}five centuries,
but \addreftoindex{book 9}{11}{Author 01}also the leap into
electronic typesetting, remaining essentially unchanged. Now add the reference.
\printindex[test]
\end{document}
test.idx以下是（原始索引文件）的内容：
\indexentry{\formatauthor {Author 15}!5@\padnumber {5}: book 1}{1}
\indexentry{\formatauthor {Author 15}!9@\padnumber {9}: book 1}{1}
\indexentry{\formatauthor {Author 15}!11@\padnumber {11}: book 1}{1}
\indexentry{\formatauthor {Author 01}!9@\padnumber {9}: book 9}{1}
\indexentry{\formatauthor {Author 01}!1@\padnumber {1}: book 9}{1}
\indexentry{\formatauthor {Author 01}!11@\padnumber {11}: book 9}{1}
以下是test.ind已排序并处理过的文件：
\begin{theindex}
\item \formatauthor {Author 01}
\subitem \padnumber {1}: book 9, 1
\subitem \padnumber {9}: book 9, 1
\subitem \padnumber {11}: book 9, 1
\item \formatauthor {Author 15}
\subitem \padnumber {5}: book 1, 1
\subitem \padnumber {9}: book 1, 1
\subitem \padnumber {11}: book 1, 1
\end{theindex}
如果想要更小的缩进，可以调整定义\subitem。例如，
\makeatletter
\renewcommand{\subitem}{\@idxitem\hspace*{10pt}}
\makeatother
将缩进减半（在三个数字的空格之前）。