☰

使用 tikz 绘制复杂树

tag-icon • tag-icon tikz-pgf trees
使用 tikz 绘制复杂树

请问我如何使用 TikZ 绘制这棵树？

在此处输入图片描述

我的问题是如何连接两个子节点并创建一个带有标签的新节点？

当前代码是

\documentclass[a4paper,openany,11pt,oneside]{book} 

\usepackage{tikz} 
\usetikzlibrary{trees} 

\begin{document}

\begin{tikzpicture}[grow=right] 
    \tikzstyle{every node}=[draw,shape=circle]; 
    \node{r} 
        child { node {a} 
            child { node {c} }
            child { node {d} }
            child { node {e} } 
        } 
        child [missing] 
        child [missing] 
        child { node {b} 
            child { node {c} } 
            child { node {d} } 
            child { node {e} } 
         }; 
\end{tikzpicture}

\end{document}

答案1

您可以通过为树的根节点命名来为树命名，然后树的每个节点也会收到一个自动生成的名称，形式(root-n-m)为 ，即为root根节点的名称、n第一级子节点的序数和m第二级子节点的序数。此名称定义了通过树到达任何所需节点的“路径”。

使用这些名称，您可以添加 tikz 命令来在树的外部绘制到其他节点的线条。

例如：

\documentclass[border=5pt]{standalone}

\usepackage{tikz} 
\usetikzlibrary{trees, positioning} 

\begin{document}

\begin{tikzpicture}[grow=right] 
    \tikzset{
      every node/.style = {draw,shape=circle},
      every label/.style = {shape=rectangle, draw=none}
      }
    \node (t) {r} 
        child { node {a} 
            child { node {c} }
            child { node {d} }
            child { node {e} } 
            child { node {f} } 
        } 
        child [missing] 
        child [missing] 
        child { node {b} 
            child { node {c} } 
            child { node {d} } 
            child { node {e} } 
         }; 

    \node[rectangle, draw, below right=5mm and 3cm of t-4-3, label={$p=0.3$}]  (S1) {S11, s22};
    \node[rectangle, draw, below=1.8cm of S1 , label={$p=0.5$}]  (S2) {S11, s24};
    \node[rectangle, draw, below=of S2,        label={$p=0.12$}] (S3) {S12, s23};
    \node[rectangle, draw, below=1.8cm of S3,  label={$p=0.6$}]  (S4) {S13, s22};

    \foreach \start/\finish in {t-4-3/S1,t-4-3/S2,t-4-2/S3,t-4-1/S4,t-1-4/S1,t-1-3/S4,t-1-2/S3,t-1-1/S2}
       \draw[blue, ->] (\start) -- (\finish.west);
\end{tikzpicture}

\end{document}

结果是：

结果

答案2

因为这不是一棵树，并且为了获得最佳结果，节点必须在视觉上定位，所以我建议明确绘制节点和边。

在此处输入图片描述

\documentclass[border=2pt]{standalone}
\usepackage{tikz}
\colorlet{nblue}{blue!50}
\colorlet{nred}{brown!50!red}
\colorlet{norange}{orange!50}
\colorlet{ngreen}{green!50}
\usetikzlibrary{shapes,positioning}
\tikzset
  {common/.style={blue,draw,fill=#1,text=white},
   single/.style={common=#1,ellipse,inner sep=1pt},
   multiple/.style 2 args=
    {common=#1,rounded corners,label=above:{\scriptsize$P=#2$},
     minimum width=4em,inner sep=2pt
    }
  }
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
  \node[single=nblue,inner sep=3pt]                              (s)       {$s$};
  \node[single=nblue,above right=of s,yshift=5mm]                (s1)      {$s_1$};
  \node[single=nblue,below right=of s,yshift=-5mm]               (s2)      {$s_2$};
  \node[single=nred,above right=of s1,yshift=-5mm]               (s11)     {$s_{11}$};
  \node[single=ngreen,right=of s1]                               (s12)     {$s_{12}$};
  \node[single=norange,below right=of s1,yshift=5mm]             (s13)     {$s_{13}$};
  \node[single=nred,above right=of s2]                           (s21)     {$s_{21}$};
  \node[single=norange,right=of s2,yshift=5mm]                   (s22)     {$s_{22}$};
  \node[single=ngreen,right=of s2,yshift=-5mm]                   (s23)     {$s_{23}$};
  \node[single=nred,below right=of s2]                           (s24)     {$s_{24}$};
  \node[multiple={nred}{0.2},right=of s12,xshift=1cm,yshift=2mm] (s11s22)  {$s_{11},s_{22}$};
  \node[multiple={nred}{0.5},below=of s11s22]                    (s11s24)  {$s_{11},s_{24}$};
  \node[multiple={ngreen}{0.12},below=of s11s24]                 (s12s23)  {$s_{12},s_{23}$};
  \node[multiple={norange}{0.6},below=of s12s23]                 (s13s22)  {$s_{13},s_{22}$};
  \node[multiple={ngreen}{0.12},right=of s11s22,yshift=-7mm]     (s12s23b) {$s_{12},s_{23}$};
  \node[multiple={nred}{0.3},below=of s12s23b]                   (s11s22b) {$s_{11},s_{22}$};
  \node[multiple={norange}{0.6},below=of s11s22b]                (s13s22b) {$s_{13},s_{22}$};
  \foreach \f/\t in
    {s/s1,s/s2,s1/s11,s1/s12,s1/s13,s2/s21,s2/s22,s2/s23,s2/s24,%
     s11/s11s22,s11/s11s24,s12/s12s23,s13/s13s22,s21/s11s22,s22/s13s22,%
     s22/s13s22,s23/s12s23,s24/s11s24,s11s22/s11s22b,s12s23/s12s23b,s13s22/s13s22b%
    }
    \draw[blue,-latex] (\f.east) -- (\t.west);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

相关内容