如下面的代码所示，我有一个包含两个面板的表格，每个面板的列数不同。我希望面板 B 的列相对于面板 A 均匀分布。目前，我无法将面板 B 的列与面板 A 对齐。我该怎么做？
\documentclass[twoside, a4paper, 12pt]{article}
\usepackage{booktabs,tabularx}
\usepackage[font=bf, labelsep=none, singlelinecheck=false]{caption}
\usepackage[english]{babel}
\usepackage[top=1in, bottom=1in, left=1in, right=1in]{geometry}
\usepackage{dcolumn}
\begin{document}
\begin{table}[H]
\footnotesize
\setlength\tabcolsep{3pt}
\begin{center}
\caption{\\ \fontsize{10pt}{12pt}\selectfont \normalfont Here's a title for the table.
}
\noindent\makebox[\textwidth]{
\begin{tabular}{@{}l *{13}{D{.}{.}{4}}@{}}
\multicolumn{4}{l}{Panel A. Here's a title} & & & & & & & & & & \\
\toprule
\multicolumn{1}{l}{} & \multicolumn{6}{c}{Subtitle here} & \multicolumn{7}{c}{Subtitle here} \\
\cmidrule(l){2-7} \cmidrule(l){8-14}
\multicolumn{1}{l}{} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{Mean} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{$<$10\%} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{10-30\%} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{30-50\%} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{50-70\%} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{$>$70\%} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{Mean} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{$<$10\%} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{10-20\%} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{20-30\%} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{30-40\%} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{40-50\%} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{$>$50\%} \\
\midrule
\multicolumn{1}{l}{group 1} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{0.228} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{4} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{11} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{3} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{1} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{1} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{0.056} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{16} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{3} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{1} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{0} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{0} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{0} \\
\multicolumn{1}{l}{group 2} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{0.343} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{0} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{9} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{9} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{1} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{1} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{0.126} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{12} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{3} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{3} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{0} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{1} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{1} \\
\multicolumn{1}{l}{group 3} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{0.495} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{0} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{0} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{15} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{4} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{1} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{0.212} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{8} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{4} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{4} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{0} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{0} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{4} \\
\multicolumn{1}{l}{group 4} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{0.639} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{0} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{0} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{4} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{6} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{10} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{0.258} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{4} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{4} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{4} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{4} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{0} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{4} \\
\multicolumn{1}{l}{group 5} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{0.747} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{0} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{0} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{3} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{3} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{14} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{0.260} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{2} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{6} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{5} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{4} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{0} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{3} \\
\midrule
\multicolumn{6}{l}{Panel B. Here's a slightly longer title} & & & & & & & & \\
\midrule
\multicolumn{2}{l}{} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{$\widehat{\alpha}$ ($p$-value)} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{$\widehat{\sigma}_{\varepsilon}$} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{IR} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{$\widehat{\beta}^{m}$} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{$\widehat{\beta}^{s}$} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{$\widehat{\beta}^{h}$} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{$\widehat{\beta}^{u}$} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{Mean} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{Std. Dev.} \\
\midrule
\multicolumn{2}{l}{group 1} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{0.216 (0.366)} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{2.297} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{0.094} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{0.865} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{-0.234} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{-0.164} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{-0.216} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{0.403} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{4.856} \\
\bottomrule
\end{tabular}}
\end{center}
\fontsize{10pt}{12pt}\selectfont here's something description for the table
\end{table}
\end{document}
答案1
由于这两个面板的结构似乎除了第一列中的标签之外几乎没有任何共同之处，我想不出一个好的理由来尝试将两个表格的列对齐。事实上，我会使用两个独立的tabular*环境，每个列结构单独优化。我还会摆脱几乎所有的\multicolumn“包装器”——它们的使用只有在标题行中才是合理的。（旁白：究竟是谁教你把每个单元格都装进\multicolumn包装器里的——那个人有很多解释要做……）一定要简化标题行中的材料；这样就可以选择\small字体大小了。（相反，如果你把所有这些%符号都保留在标题单元格中，你就必须切换到\footnotesize或甚至\scriptsize才能让表格适合。）
\documentclass[twoside, a4paper, 12pt]{article}
\usepackage{booktabs,tabularx}
\usepackage[labelsep=newline,singlelinecheck=false]{caption}
\usepackage[english]{babel}
\usepackage[margin=1in]{geometry}
\usepackage{dcolumn}
\newcolumntype{d}[1]{D..{#1}}
\newcommand\mc[1]{\multicolumn{1}{c}{#1}} % handy shortcut macro
\begin{document}
\begin{table}[ht!]
\small
\captionsetup{font={small,bf}}
% We use 'tabular*' to auto-determine intercolumn whitespace:
\setlength\tabcolsep{0pt}
\caption{Here's a title for the table}
\begin{tabular*}{\textwidth}{l @{\extracolsep{\fill}}d{1.3} d{1.0} *{4}{d{2.0}} d{1.3} d{2.0} *{5}{d{1.0}} }
\multicolumn{5}{l}{Panel A. Here's a title} \\
\toprule
& \multicolumn{6}{c}{Ranges (in percent)} & \multicolumn{7}{c}{Ranges (in percent)} \\
\cmidrule{2-7} \cmidrule{8-14}
& \mc{Mean} & \mc{$<$10} & \mc{10--30} & \mc{30--50} & \mc{50--70} & \mc{$>$70}
& \mc{Mean} & \mc{$<$10} & \mc{10--20} & \mc{20--30} & \mc{30--40} & \mc{40--50} & \mc{$>$50} \\
\midrule
group 1 & 0.228 & 4 & 11 & 3 & 1 & 1 & 0.056 & 16 & 3 & 1 & 0 & 0 & 0 \\
group 2 & 0.343 & 0 & 9 & 9 & 1 & 1 & 0.126 & 12 & 3 & 3 & 0 & 1 & 1 \\
group 3 & 0.495 & 0 & 0 & 15 & 4 & 1 & 0.212 & 8 & 4 & 4 & 0 & 0 & 4 \\
group 4 & 0.639 & 0 & 0 & 4 & 6 & 10 & 0.258 & 4 & 4 & 4 & 4 & 0 & 4 \\
group 5 & 0.747 & 0 & 0 & 3 & 3 & 14 & 0.260 & 2 & 6 & 5 & 4 & 0 & 3 \\
\bottomrule
\end{tabular*}
\bigskip
\begin{tabular*}{\textwidth}{l@{\extracolsep{\fill}} *{8}{d{2.3}} *{2}{d{1.3}}}
\multicolumn{6}{l}{Panel B. Here's a slightly longer title} \\
\toprule
& \mc{$\hat{\alpha}$} & \mc{($p$-value)} & \mc{$\hat{\sigma}_{\varepsilon}$} & \mc{IR} & \mc{$\hat{\beta}^{m}$} & \mc{$\hat{\beta}^{s}$} & \mc{$\hat{\beta}^{h}$} & \mc{$\hat{\beta}^{u}$} & \mc{Mean} & \mc{Std.\ Dev.} \\
\midrule
group 1 & 0.216 & (0.366) & 2.297 & 0.094 & 0.865 & -0.234 & -0.164 & -0.216 & 0.403 & 4.856 \\
\bottomrule
\end{tabular*}
\bigskip
Here's a description for the table
\end{table}
\end{document}