我正在尝试安装 USB 驱动器。然而，我的 Linux (Debian) 似乎根本无法识别它（以及任何其他 USB 驱动器），尽管它为其供电。 USB 集线器没问题，因为我能够从该 USB 启动并安装新的 Linux，但是我的旧发行版（我有 Ubuntu）和新发行版都无法识别 USB。
lsusb显示所有集线器都是空的：
:~$ lsusb
Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub
Bus 003 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub
Bus 004 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub
Bus 005 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub
dmesg插入 USB 时没有反应：
:~$ dmesg | grep -i usb
[ 1.416188] usbcore: registered new interface driver usbfs
[ 1.416243] usbcore: registered new interface driver hub
[ 1.417839] usbcore: registered new device driver usb
[ 1.418686] ehci_hcd: USB 2.0 'Enhanced' Host Controller (EHCI) Driver
[ 1.418831] ehci_hcd 0000:00:1d.7: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number 1
[ 1.446915] ehci_hcd 0000:00:1d.7: USB 2.0 started, EHCI 1.00
[ 1.447006] usb usb1: New USB device found, idVendor=1d6b, idProduct=0002
[ 1.447013] usb usb1: New USB device strings: Mfr=3, Product=2, SerialNumber=1
[ 1.447019] usb usb1: Product: EHCI Host Controller
[ 1.447024] usb usb1: Manufacturer: Linux 3.2.0-4-686-pae ehci_hcd
[ 1.447028] usb usb1: SerialNumber: 0000:00:1d.7
[ 1.447302] hub 1-0:1.0: USB hub found
[ 1.448779] uhci_hcd: USB Universal Host Controller Interface driver
[ 1.448910] uhci_hcd 0000:00:1d.0: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number 2
[ 1.449044] usb usb2: New USB device found, idVendor=1d6b, idProduct=0001
[ 1.449050] usb usb2: New USB device strings: Mfr=3, Product=2, SerialNumber=1
[ 1.449055] usb usb2: Product: UHCI Host Controller
[ 1.449060] usb usb2: Manufacturer: Linux 3.2.0-4-686-pae uhci_hcd
[ 1.449065] usb usb2: SerialNumber: 0000:00:1d.0
[ 1.449857] hub 2-0:1.0: USB hub found
... and three more UHCI
可能是什么问题？
我还发现了一个奇怪的功能。正如我所描述的，USB 可以被 BIOS/UEFI 识别。如果我的首选启动设备是硬盘和可启动的启动时插入USB，然后在操作系统中可以看到！
答案1
应该检查几件事：
- BIOS 已启用 USB - 默认情况下应已启用
- Linux 内核已编译 USB - 如果您使用发行版映像，则默认情况下应该已编译 USB
- USB 设备有效 - 应该是
如果仍然缺少某些内容，我会尝试执行以下步骤：
- 开始拖尾
syslog - 连接设备
- 停止拖尾
syslog - 查看
dmesg
通过 USB 连接某些音频设备的结果：
(local) ➜ ~ sudo tail -n 0 -f /var/log/syslog
Feb 14 12:07:58 computer kernel: [ 2362.231113] usb 2-1.2: new full-speed USB device number 8 using ehci-pci
Feb 14 12:07:58 computer kernel: [ 2362.328003] usb 2-1.2: New USB device found, idVendor=08bb, idProduct=2902
Feb 14 12:07:58 computer kernel: [ 2362.328014] usb 2-1.2: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2, SerialNumber=0
Feb 14 12:07:58 computer kernel: [ 2362.328020] usb 2-1.2: Product: USB Audio CODEC
Feb 14 12:07:58 computer kernel: [ 2362.328025] usb 2-1.2: Manufacturer: Burr-Brown from TI
Feb 14 12:07:58 computer kernel: [ 2362.340682] input: Burr-Brown from TI USB Audio CODEC as /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.0/usb2/2-1/2-1.2/2-1.2:1.3/0003:08BB:2902.0006/input/input26
Feb 14 12:07:58 computer systemd-udevd[7521]: failed to execute '/lib/udev/mtp-probe' 'mtp-probe /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.0/usb2/2-1/2-1.2 2 8': No such file or directory
Feb 14 12:07:58 computer kernel: [ 2362.395463] hid-generic 0003:08BB:2902.0006: input,hidraw3: USB HID v1.00 Device [Burr-Brown from TI USB Audio CODEC ] on usb-0000:00:1d.0-1.2/input3
Feb 14 12:07:58 computer /usr/lib/gdm3/gdm-x-session[2248]: (II) config/udev: Adding input device Burr-Brown from TI USB Audio CODEC (/dev/input/event23)
Feb 14 12:07:58 computer /usr/lib/gdm3/gdm-x-session[2248]: (**) Burr-Brown from TI USB Audio CODEC : Applying InputClass "evdev keyboard catchall"
Feb 14 12:07:58 computer /usr/lib/gdm3/gdm-x-session[2248]: (II) systemd-logind: got fd for /dev/input/event23 13:87 fd 42 paused 0
Feb 14 12:07:58 computer /usr/lib/gdm3/gdm-x-session[2248]: (II) Using input driver 'evdev' for 'Burr-Brown from TI USB Audio CODEC '
Feb 14 12:07:58 computer /usr/lib/gdm3/gdm-x-session[2248]: (**) Burr-Brown from TI USB Audio CODEC : always reports core events
Feb 14 12:07:58 computer /usr/lib/gdm3/gdm-x-session[2248]: (**) evdev: Burr-Brown from TI USB Audio CODEC : Device: "/dev/input/event23"
Feb 14 12:07:58 computer /usr/lib/gdm3/gdm-x-session[2248]: (--) evdev: Burr-Brown from TI USB Audio CODEC : Vendor 0x8bb Product 0x2902
Feb 14 12:07:58 computer /usr/lib/gdm3/gdm-x-session[2248]: (--) evdev: Burr-Brown from TI USB Audio CODEC : Found keys
Feb 14 12:07:58 computer /usr/lib/gdm3/gdm-x-session[2248]: (II) evdev: Burr-Brown from TI USB Audio CODEC : Configuring as keyboard
Feb 14 12:07:58 computer /usr/lib/gdm3/gdm-x-session[2248]: (**) Option "config_info" "udev:/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.0/usb2/2-1/2-1.2/2-1.2:1.3/0003:08BB:2902.0006/input/input26/event23"
[..]
(local) ➜ ~ dmesg
[..]
[ 2362.231113] usb 2-1.2: new full-speed USB device number 8 using ehci-pci
[ 2362.328003] usb 2-1.2: New USB device found, idVendor=08bb, idProduct=2902
[ 2362.328014] usb 2-1.2: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2, SerialNumber=0
[ 2362.328020] usb 2-1.2: Product: USB Audio CODEC
[ 2362.328025] usb 2-1.2: Manufacturer: Burr-Brown from TI
[ 2362.340682] input: Burr-Brown from TI USB Audio CODEC as /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.0/usb2/2-1/2-1.2/2-1.2:1.3/0003:08BB:2902.0006/input/input26
[ 2362.395463] hid-generic 0003:08BB:2902.0006: input,hidraw3: USB HID v1.00 Device [Burr-Brown from TI USB Audio CODEC ] on usb-0000:00:1d.0-1.2/input3
[..]
答案2
USB 提供了一种报告硬件的通用方法，因此如果lsusb没有报告硬件，则硬件就等于断开了连接，这不仅仅是缺少驱动程序的问题。（无论如何，您不太可能缺少 USB 存储驱动程序：USB 存储是标准配置。）
您的日志和lsusb输出仅显示 USB1 和 USB2 控制器。您将无法使用 USB3 外围设备。
如果设备插入集线器，则集线器可能出现故障或无法提供足够的电力。 （外围设备可能有足够的电量来点亮 LED，但不足以正常通信。）尝试将设备插入不通过外部集线器的另一个端口，以查看集线器或设备是否有故障。