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将文本元素定位为 tikz 中的列

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将文本元素定位为 tikz 中的列

我正在使用该tikz包来绘制一棵树Latex：

在此处输入图片描述

$h=i$我对节点右侧的位置不满意

X,X_2,X_6 and X_12.

在下面的代码中，我使用了label=right将其直接放在节点旁边的功能。我的目标是h=1,h=2,h=3,h=4在一列中显示，并且所有元素都具有相同的水平位置（例如，所有元素都位于 h=3 以上）。使用 tikz 可以实现这一点吗？

代码：

        \begin{tikzpicture}[level/.style={sibling distance=60mm/#1}]
        \node [circle,draw,label=right:{\textit{h=0}}] (z){$X$}
        child {node [circle,draw] (a) {$X_1$}
            child {node [circle,draw] (c) {$X_3$}
                child {node [rectangle,draw,label=below:1] (e) {$X_7$}}
                child {node [circle,draw] (f) {$X_8$}
                    child {node [rectangle,draw,label=below:2] (g) {$X_{13}$}}
                    child {node [rectangle,draw,label=below:4] (h) {$X_{14}$}}
                }
            }
            child {node [circle,draw] (d) {$X_4$}}
        }
        child {node [circle,draw,label=right:{\textit{h=1}}] (b) {$X_2$}
            child {node [circle,draw] (i) {$X_5$}
                child {node [circle,draw] (k) {$X_9$}
                    child {node [rectangle,draw,label=below:2] (o) {$X_{15}$}}
                    child {node [rectangle,draw,label=below:3] (p) {$X_{16}$}}
                }
                child {node [rectangle,draw,label=below:1] (l) {$X_{10}$}}
            }
            child {node [circle,draw,label=right:{\textit{h=2}}] (j) {$X_6$}
                child {node [rectangle,draw, label=below:3] (m) {$X_{11}$}}
                child {node [circle,draw,label=right:{\textit{h=3}}] (n) {$X_{12}$}
                    child {node [rectangle,draw, label=below:5] (q) {$X_{17}$}}
                    child {node [rectangle,draw, label=below:4] (r) {$X_{18}$}}
                }
            }
        };
        \path (a)--(b) node [midway] {Split 1};
        \path (c)--(d) node [midway] {Split 2};
        \path (i)--(j) node [midway] {Split 3};
        \path (e)--(f) node [midway] {\tiny{Split 4}};
        \path (k)--(l) node [midway] {\tiny{Split 5}};
        \path (m)--(n) node [midway] {\tiny{Split 6}};


        \end{tikzpicture}

答案1

像这样？

在此处输入图片描述

这很容易获得，只需将分离的节点与节点右侧对齐即可n：

\documentclass[tikz, margin=3mm]{standalone}
\usetikzlibrary{positioning}

\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[
node distance=1mm,
C/.style = {circle, draw, minimum size=1.5em},
R/.style = {rectangle, draw, minimum size=1.5em},
level/.style={sibling distance=60mm/#1}]
\node [C] (z){$X$}
child {node [C] (a) {$X_1$}
    child {node [C] (c) {$X_3$}
        child {node [R,label=below:1] (e) {$X_7$}}
        child {node [C] (f) {$X_8$}
            child {node [R,label=below:2] (g) {$X_{13}$}}
            child {node [R,label=below:4] (h) {$X_{14}$}}
        }
    }
    child {node [C] (d) {$X_4$}}
}
child {node [C] (b) {$X_2$}
    child {node [C] (i) {$X_5$}
        child {node [C] (k) {$X_9$}
            child {node [R,label=below:2] (o) {$X_{15}$}}
            child {node [R,label=below:3] (p) {$X_{16}$}}
        }
        child {node [R,label=below:1] (l) {$X_{10}$}}
    }
    child {node [C] (j) {$X_6$}
        child {node [R, label=below:3] (m) {$X_{11}$}}
        child {node [C] (n) {$X_{12}$}
            child {node [R, label=below:5] (q) {$X_{17}$}}
            child {node [R, label=below:4] (r) {$X_{18}$}}
        }
    }
};
\node[right=of z -| n.east]  {$h=0$};
\node[right=of b -| n.east]  {$h=1$};
\node[right=of j -| n.east]  {$h=2$};
\node[right=of n.east]       {$h=3$};
\path (a) -- node {Split 1}     (b) 
      (c) -- node {Split 2}     (d)
      (i) -- node {Split 3}     (j)
      (e) -- node [font=\scriptsize] {Split 4}  (f)
      (k) -- node [font=\scriptsize] {Split 5}  (l)
      (m) -- node [font=\scriptsize] {Split 6}  (n);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

我抓住机会，通过定义两种节点样式（C圆形和R矩形）使您的代码稍微短一些。节点定位使用 TikZ 库positioning。

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