我是 Tikz 包的新用户，我想使用此包为我的论文绘制下面的图像。
我认为我可以创建第一个网格（左），因为线条是直线，但是我如何绘制变形杆的第二个网格？有没有办法“变形”第一个网格或从变形线创建网格？此外，关于“缩放”细节：有没有使用 Tikz 的“自动”方法绘制它（我的意思是像图形的真实缩放）？还是我应该单独创建它们？提前感谢任何帮助！
答案1
让非线性变换工作起来有点麻烦pgf，但它或多或少可以与spy库一起完成所需的工作：
\documentclass[tikz,margin=5]{standalone}
\usepgfmodule{nonlineartransformations}
\usepgflibrary{curvilinear}
\usetikzlibrary{spy,calc}
\tikzset{pics/grid/.style={code={%
\tikzset{x=10pt, y=10pt, step=10pt}
\draw [thin] (-2, 0) grid ++(4, 20);
\draw [thick] (-2, 0) rectangle ++(4, 20) (-4, 0) -- (4, 0);
\draw [thick, fill=gray!50] (0,14) rectangle ++(1,1)
++(-.5,-.5) coordinate (-square);
\draw [<->, thin, gray] (0,14) -- ++(1,1);
\coordinate (-corner) at (-2, 20);
}}}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[>=stealth,
spy using outlines={circle, magnification=3, size=2.5cm, connect spies}]
\pic (a) {grid};
\draw [->, thick, shorten >=5] (a-corner) ++(-1,0) -- (a-corner);
\spy [red] on (a-square) in node at ($(a-square)+(2.5,0)$);
\scoped{
\pgfsetcurvilinearbeziercurve
{\pgfpointxy{5}{0}}{\pgfpointxy{5}{10}}
{\pgfpointxy{25}{15}}{\pgfpointxy{25}{20}}
\pgftransformnonlinear{\pgfgetlastxy\x\y%
\pgfpointcurvilinearbezierorthogonal{\y}{-\x}}%
\pic (b) {grid};
}
\draw [->, thick, shorten >=5] (b-corner) ++(-1,0) -- (b-corner);
\spy [red] on (b-square) in node at ($(b-square)+(2.5,0)$);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}
答案2
以下是一个尝试元帖子。它被包裹在 中luamplib，因此用 进行编译lualatex。
我在下面的第二个版本中添加了标注。
\RequirePackage{luatex85}
\documentclass[border=5mm]{standalone}
\usepackage{luamplib}
\begin{document}
\mplibtextextlabel{enable}
\begin{mplibcode}
beginfig(1);
numeric u, x, y;
u = 5mm;
x = 4;
y = 17;
path base;
base = (left--right) scaled (2x*u);
picture p[];
p1 = image(
path tower;
tower = unitsquare shifted 1/2 left xscaled x yscaled y scaled u;
path hh[], vv[];
for i=1 upto x-1:
vv[i] = point i/x of tower -- point 3-i/x of tower;
endfor
for i=1 upto y-1:
hh[i] = point 1+i/y of tower -- point 4-i/y of tower;
endfor
path sq; sq = buildcycle(hh[14],vv[3],hh[15],vv[2]);
fill sq withcolor 7/8[red,white];
for i=1 upto x-1: draw vv[i]; endfor
for i=1 upto y-1: draw hh[i]; endfor
drawoptions(withpen pencircle scaled 1.2);
drawarrow point 3 of tower shifted (-4u,0) -- point 3 of tower shifted (-3,0);
draw tower;
draw base ;
drawoptions();
);
p2 = image(
path tower;
tower = subpath (4,3) of fullcircle scaled 40u shifted (22u,0)
-- subpath (3,4) of fullcircle scaled 48u shifted (22u,0)
-- cycle;
path hh[], vv[];
for i=1 upto x-1:
vv[i] = interpath(i/x,subpath(3,2) of tower, subpath (0,1) of tower);
endfor
for i=1 upto y-1:
hh[i] = point i/y of tower -- point 3-i/y of tower;
endfor
path sq; sq = buildcycle(hh[14],vv[3],hh[15],vv[2]);
fill sq withcolor 7/8[red,white];
for i=1 upto x-1: draw vv[i]; endfor
for i=1 upto y-1: draw hh[i]; endfor
drawoptions(withpen pencircle scaled 1.2);
drawarrow point 2 of tower shifted (-4u,0) -- point 2 of tower shifted (-3,0);
draw tower;
draw base ;
drawoptions();
);
draw p1 shifted (-10u,0);
draw p2 shifted (+10u,0);
endfig;
\end{mplibcode}
\end{document}
现在来特写镜头...
Metapost 中没有内置“间谍”或放大镜功能，但您可以将图片剪辑到任意路径，因此自己动手并不困难。像这样：
这是第二版绘图的代码：
\RequirePackage{luatex85}
\documentclass[border=5mm]{standalone}
\usepackage{luamplib}
\begin{document}
\mplibtextextlabel{enable}
\begin{mplibcode}
beginfig(1);
numeric u, x, y;
u = 5mm;
x = 4;
y = 17;
path base, loupe[];
base = (left--right) scaled (2x*u);
picture p[];
p1 = image(
path tower;
tower = unitsquare shifted 1/2 left xscaled x yscaled y scaled u;
path hh[], vv[];
for i=1 upto x-1:
vv[i] = point i/x of tower -- point 3-i/x of tower;
endfor
for i=1 upto y-1:
hh[i] = point 1+i/y of tower -- point 4-i/y of tower;
endfor
path sq; sq = buildcycle(hh[14],vv[3],hh[15],vv[2]);
fill sq withcolor 7/8[red,white];
for i=1 upto x-1: draw vv[i]; endfor
for i=1 upto y-1: draw hh[i]; endfor
begingroup; interim ahangle := 24; interim ahlength := 2;
drawdblarrow point 0 of sq -- point 3 of sq withcolor 1/2 white;
label("$\scriptscriptstyle d\xi$", center sq + (2,-3));
endgroup;
drawoptions(withpen pencircle scaled 1.2);
drawarrow point 3 of tower shifted (-4u,0) -- point 3 of tower shifted (-3,0);
draw tower;
draw base ;
drawoptions();
);
loupe1 := fullcircle scaled 2u shifted center sq;
loupe3 := fullcircle scaled 4u shifted center sq shifted (6u,u);
p3 := p1;
clip p3 to loupe1;
p3 := p3 shifted -center loupe1 scaled 2 shifted center loupe3;
p5 = image(
draw p1; draw p3;
drawoptions(withcolor red);
draw loupe1; draw loupe3;
draw center loupe1 -- center loupe3
cutbefore loupe1 cutafter loupe3;
drawoptions();
);
p2 = image(
path tower;
tower = subpath (4,3) of fullcircle scaled 40u shifted (22u,0)
-- subpath (3,4) of fullcircle scaled 48u shifted (22u,0)
-- cycle;
path hh[], vv[];
for i=1 upto x-1:
vv[i] = interpath(i/x,subpath(3,2) of tower, subpath (0,1) of tower);
endfor
for i=1 upto y-1:
hh[i] = point i/y of tower -- point 3-i/y of tower;
endfor
path sq; sq = buildcycle(hh[14],vv[3],hh[15],vv[2]);
fill sq withcolor 7/8[red,white];
for i=1 upto x-1: draw vv[i]; endfor
for i=1 upto y-1: draw hh[i]; endfor
begingroup; interim ahangle := 24; interim ahlength := 2;
drawdblarrow point 0 of sq -- point 3 of sq withcolor 1/2 white;
endgroup;
drawoptions(withpen pencircle scaled 1.2);
drawarrow point 2 of tower shifted (-4u,0) -- point 2 of tower shifted (-3,0);
draw tower;
draw base ;
drawoptions();
);
loupe2 := fullcircle scaled 2u shifted center sq;
loupe4 := fullcircle scaled 4u shifted center sq shifted (-8u,2u);
p4 := p2;
clip p4 to loupe2;
p4 := p4 shifted -center loupe2 scaled 2 shifted center loupe4;
p6 = image(
draw p2; draw p4;
drawoptions(withcolor red);
draw loupe2; draw loupe4;
draw center loupe2 -- center loupe4
cutbefore loupe2 cutafter loupe4;
drawoptions();
);
draw p5 shifted (-10u,0);
draw p6 shifted (+10u,0);
endfig;
\end{mplibcode}
\end{document}